Browsing by Subject "silviculture"
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Item ACRONYM : a hierarchical tree and forest growth model framework.(University of Minnesota, 1998-03) Robinson, Andrew P.; Ek, Alan R.ACRONYM is an extensible tree-level forest growth and dynamics model framework for the synthesis and assessment of models and submodels of forest ecosystem processes. The framework is designed for research in forest ecology and silviculture, development and testing of silvicultural guidelines, forest inventory updates, and long-term projections of forest and landscape dynamics. The framework accepts modules (submodels) of forest regeneration, tree growth, mortality, silviculture, harvesting and natural disturbance, each of which may operate at different spatial or temporal scales and levels of resolution. Component modules can range from empirical to process based, as understanding and data permit. Modules can be interchanged with a minimum of reprogramming to allow for comparison of assumptions about processes, different data input protocols, and project-specific reporting requirements.Item Annual Report of the Cloquet Forest Experiment Station, 1924(1925) Schantz-Hansen, ThorvaldA progress report for the Cloquet Forest Experiment Station describing operations at the Cloquet Forest including funding, expenditures, and administrative activities from 1922 through 1924. The report contains valuable details related to tree nursery operations and research projects led by University faculty associated with the Station.Item Cover Types of the UMN Cloquet Forestry Center, 2021(2022-01-31) Gill, Kyle G.; Johnson, Lane B; Olesiak, Rachael A; kggill@umn.edu; Gill, Kyle G; University of Minnesota Cloquet Forestry Center; College of Food, Agricultural, and Natural Resource Sciences (CFANS); University of Minnesota Department of Forest ResourcesCover Types of the UMN Cloquet Forestry Center, 2021 is a polygon representation of forest stands and other vegetation types across the 3400-acre research forest. Polygon attributes represent the current status of forest inventory records for the CFC at the end of 2021 based on episodic updates to an original 2005 cover type mapping product.Item Current Status and Trends of Silvicultural and Forest Health Practices in Minnesota: A 2017 Assessment(University of Minnesota, 2019-04) Windmuller-Campione, Marcella A.; Russell, Matthew B.; Sagor, Eli S.; Rodman, Madison G.Item Evaluating regeneration and stand dynamics in tamarack stands impacted by eastern larch beetle in northern Minnesota, USA(2022-06) Shaunette, AmyTamarack (Larix laricina DuRoi K. Koch) forests in Minnesota are currently threatened by a landscape-level outbreak of eastern larch beetle (ELB) (Dendroctonus simplex LeConte), a native bark beetle. Since 2001, ELB has impacted 816,833 acres of tamarack forest over 20 consecutive years. This has resulted in many management questions related to stand development, especially in terms of regeneration. To explore how ELB has influenced stand structure and composition, 33 sites across a gradient of ELB damage severity and outbreak timing in north-central Minnesota were sampled. Older mortality sites had the highest overstory tree density, driven largely by a high volume of standing dead tamarack. On average, regeneration exceeded a commonly used standard of 600 trees per acre in older high mortality stands only and was below the suggested stocking level in recent high mortality and low mortality stands. Tree ring analysis of 150 tamarack tree cookies revealed understory tamarack saplings aged 9 to 82 years old, suggesting tamarack may have more robust shade tolerance than previously believed. Tamarack established consistently throughout a period of 64 years, suggesting advance regeneration is a part of tamarack stand dynamics. Finally, we identified temporal differences in establishment periods in stands with varying levels of ELB impacts. The combined results of this work highlight complex and understudied dynamics related to tamarack regeneration. Regeneration may take 10 to 15 years to establish after an ELB outbreak. However, it is not only new germinants present in the seedling, sapling, and small tree layer but also advance regeneration.Item History of the Cloquet Forest Experiment Station(1917) Kenety, W HA draft forest management report thought to have been completed in the winter of 1916-17 by W.H. Kenety, Superintendent of the Cloquet Forest Experiment Station with support from G. H. Wiggin, Assistant Forester at Cloquet. The report details station operations beginning in 1910 with detailed information on nursery work and early reforestation efforts. Other subject matter includes land acquisition history, existing infrastructure, staffing, land types, vegetation types, methods for tree seed collection, arboretum plantings, experimental tree plantings, meteorological observations, and soil conditions. Photograph prints are included to illustrate forest conditions, early nursery operations, station improvements, and research projects. An abbreviated version of this 354 page report was published October 1917 by the University of Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station titled: "Report of the Cloquet Forest Experiment Station". A digitized version of the published 1917 report can be found online through Google Books.Item Management Plan for the Cloquet Forest(1931)A historical management plan and report for the Cloquet Forest, also known as the Cloquet Forest Experiment Station, and now called the University of Minnesota Cloquet Forestry Center (CFC). The purpose of the Cloquet Forest in its early years was to 1.) provide a demonstration area where the feasibility of intensive forestry could be shown, 2.) to provide an area where various experiments in forestry practice could be carried out, and 3.) provide a place of recreation for people of the community through which correct information on forestry may be disseminated. The management plan provides site-specific information on these efforts. The date of internal publication is circa 1931.Item Program of Investigative Work to be Carried On at the Cloquet Forest Experiment Station(1912-05-30) Zon, RaphaelThe purpose of the Cloquet Forest Experiment Station in 1912 was to assist in the practical solution of forest problems that arose in the management of pine lands, to educate students and professionals in the proper methods of forest management and reforestation, and to advance the science of forestry as a whole. The program of work outlined in this document describes primary research efforts for the Cloquet Forest Experiment Station and describes in detail the materials, equipment, and personnel needed to carry out the proposed work in its first years of operation. These operations were to be carried out with cooperation between the University of Minnesota and the United States Forest Service.Item Report on the Cloquet Forest Experiment Station circa 1936(1936)A report of recent work at the Cloquet Forest Experiment Station provided circa 1936 with particular emphasis on the activities of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) over the prior three years. The final page of the report includes a color map showing areas of CCC activity including fire breaks (red), cultural treatment including thinning, cleaning, release, improvement, accretion (yellow), and tree planting (green).Item Report on the Timberlands of the Northern and Cloquet Lumber Companies, St. Louis County, Minnesota(Bureau of Forestry, 1903-06) Chapman, C.S.The study of the timberlands of the Northern and Cloquet Lumber Companies, the results of which are presented in this report, was made primarily in order to determine whether future crops of merchantable timber may be harvested from lumbered lands within a reasonable time. The study undertook to devise practical modifications of present methods of logging which will hasten the production of a second crop on cut-over lands.Item The Research Activities of the Cloquet Forest Experiment Station(1928) Allison, John HThis brief report of the research work carried out by the University of Minnesota Cloquet Forest Experiment Station was prepared to summarize the projects carried out by the Division of Forestry for the public and researchers across the country. The report includes 1.) a description of the experiment station, 2.) a description of active projects, and 3.) a list of publications from 1925 to 1928.Item Silvicultural Options to Promote Resilience of Northern Great Lakes Fraxinus nigra (Black Ash) Forests following Emerald Ash Borer (Agrilus planipennis) Invasion(2017-05) Looney, ChristopherFraxinus nigra (black ash), a dominant species of northeastern North American wetland forests, is threatened by the invasive insect, emerald ash borer (Agrilus planipennis, EAB). The potential for one or more tree species to replace F. nigra and approaches for facilitating this replacement have not been explored. To fill these knowledge gaps, this research examined: (1) the influence of competition and climate on the growth of mature F. nigra in association with Tilia americana (basswood), Populus tremuloides (quaking aspen), and Thuja occidentalis (northern white-cedar) at the mesic, moist, and wet F. nigra forest margins, respectively; (2) the survival and growth of planted seedlings of 12 potential F. nigra replacement species under four canopy treatments: unharvested control, clearcut, Fraxinus girdling to emulate EAB, and group selection; and (3) the response of F. nigra forest groundlayer plant communities to treatment-induced canopy changes. The research goals were to determine (1) how the influences of climate and competition vary by species in F. nigra forests and whether these factors shift in importance along a gradient of waterlogging stress; (2) the most promising combinations of species and treatment for silvicultural efforts to maintain post-EAB forest function; and (3) the extent to which natural regeneration of associated tree species can be expected to aid in maintaining post-EAB forest cover, as well as the potential effects on this regeneration of EAB- and treatment-induced shifts in groundlayer community composition. The main findings were that mature F. nigra had slower growth and appeared more sensitive to competition than T. americana and P. tremuloides, while having similar growth and appearing less sensitive to competition than T. occidentalis. Fraxinus nigra growth showed greater sensitivity to precipitation and temperature across the gradient of waterlogging stress relative to the three associated species. Canopy treatment type interacted with species to influence the survival and relative growth rate (RGR) of planted seedlings. Planted seedlings of shade-intolerant species generally had moderate-to-low survival and high RGR across treatments, while shade-tolerant species had higher survival with lower RGR. Natural tree regeneration varied by treatment and fell short of F. nigra forest stocking recommendations. Graminoid cover increased in the clearcut treatment, while bottomland shrubs and wetland indicator species were more numerous in the control and girdle. Overall, the findings suggest that planting seedlings of non-Fraxinus tree species with or without overstory treatment as EAB approaches is a potentially viable and necessary management option for sustaining ecosystem services in F. nigra wetlands. Site, species, and canopy treatment selection should be coordinated to maximize artificial regeneration success.Item Vegetation Response to Adaptive Silviculture Treatment Aimed at Climate Change in Northern Minnesota, USA(2019-12) Muller, JacobThe Adaptive Silviculture for Climate Change (ASCC) project was developed to provide regionally-specific examples of on-the-ground adaptation approaches that address complex management challenges. The ASCC project includes three adaptation options (resistance, resilience, and transition) along with a no action treatment for comparison. The first replicated ASCC site (MN-ASCC) is located on the Cutfoot Experimental Forest (CEF) on the Chippewa National Forest in northern Minnesota, USA. Research efforts presented here focus on short- and long-term vegetation response of the adaptation options by comparing initial performance of planted seedlings in the transition treatment, examining effects of adaptive treatments on below-canopy microclimate, and assessing and comparing long-term performance of each treatment using the Forest Vegetation Simulator (FVS) model. To assess seedling performance, eight future climate-adapted tree species were planted following harvest in 2015. Four native species and four novel species to the CEF were monitored for three years (2015-2018). Results show seedling performance varied among the planted species, overstory conditions, and shrub/herbaceous densities. These findings indicate it may be reasonable for managers to consider novel species compositions to begin transitioning forests to future-climate adapted species compositions. To explore the relationship between overstory condition and below-canopy microclimate, 40 microclimate stations were installed across four overstory conditions ranging in density levels. Hemispherical photography was used to estimate overstory conditions while microclimate variables were sampled hourly over the entire 2017 growing season. Results from this study highlight the potential for silvicultural treatments to enhance microsite conditions for diverse future-adapted species compositions. Additionally, these findings suggest it may be advantageous to maintain lower stocking levels of red pine to help retain soil moisture and further enhance microsite conditions. Finally, FVS was used to assess whether the ASCC treatments attained long-term desired future conditions and to determine treatment success in terms of growth, productivity, and survival. These results highlight the relative success of the transition treatment, which had greater volume production and lower mortality than the other treatments. Overall, these findings further our understanding of important tree- and stand-level responses to adaptive silviculture treatment, and highlights important real-world implications for today’s natural resource manager.Item Work of the Cloquet Forest Experiment Station(1924) Schantz-Hansen, ThorvaldA short description of the purpose and activities of the Cloquet Forest Experiment Station with particular emphasis on the forester's mindset of tending trees as a crop.