Browsing by Subject "rumination"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Alternative Housing and Management for Organic Dairy Production
    (2015-01) Sjostrom, Lucas
    Organic cows (n = 57) were used to evaluate activity, rumination time and their correlation with pasture fly activity of cows fed 3 grain supplementation strategies during the grazing season from May to September 2013. Cows were assigned to 1 of 3 replicate supplementation groups: 1) no corn grain supplementation (100% pasture, GRASS, n = 19), 2) low corn grain (2.72 kg/head/day, LO, n = 19), and 3) high corn grain (5.44 kg/head/day, HI, n = 19), and calved during 2 seasons (fall and spring) at the University of Minnesota West Central Research and Outreach Center, Morris, from October to December 2012 and March to May 2013. Supplement (organic corn grain and minerals) was fed with a TMR of corn silage and alfalfa silage, and at least 30% of diet DMI for LOW and HI cows consisted of organic pasture. Activity and rumination time (daily and 2-h periods) were monitored electronically using HR-LD Tags (SCR Engineers Ltd., Netanya, Israel) for 125 days. Activity is reported in “activity units” from SCR DataFlow II software. The PROC HPMIXED of SAS was used for statistical analysis, and independent variables were season of calving (fall or spring), month of grazing (June to September), parity (1, 2, 3+), supplementation group and the interactions of month of grazing and supplementation group, and parity and supplementation group. Cow and replicate were random effects with repeated measures. The GRASS (1,138) cows had greater daily activity than HI (1,001) cows, but were similar to LO (1,019) cows. Daily activity was greatest during July (1,258) and least during September (819). Rumination was not different for the GRASS (397 min/d), LOW (384 min/d), and HI (370 min/d) cows. Daily rumination was greater during September (402 min/d) compared to July (361 min/d). Daily activity increased rapidly from h 6:00 and 8:00 to h 16:00 and 18:00. From h 18:00 to 20:00, cows had a rapid decline in activity until h 6:00 the next day. All supplementation groups had the greatest rumination during h 2:00 and 4:00 and the least during h 10:00 and 12:00. Greater activity of cows on a herd basis was moderately correlated with increased pasture fly prevalence. Monthly activity and rumination patterns of grazing organic cows may have been influenced by the weather and fly populations.
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    Characterization of peripartum rumination and activity of cows diagnosed with health disorders postpartum
    (2015-06) Liboreiro, Daniela
    The objectives of the current observational study were to characterize the correlation among total serum Ca, non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA), Beta-hydroxybutyrate (BHBA) and haptoglobin concentrations and daily rumination time (DRT) and activity of periparturient cows, and to determine the association between periparturient events and peripartum DRT and activity. Holstein cows from one commercial dairy farm (nulliparous = 77, parous = 219) were enrolled into the study at approximately 21 d before expected calving date. Cows were fitted with individual Heat Rumination Long Distance system (HRLD, SCR Engineers Ltd., Netanya, Israel) from enrollment until approximately 21 � d postpartum. Blood samples collected weekly from enrollment to 21 d postpartum were used to determine concentrations of NEFA, BHBA, and haptoglobin. Blood samples collected within 72 h after calving were used to determine total serum Ca concentration. Sub-clinical ketosis was characterized by BHBA > 1,000 [mu]mol/L in any sample and sub-clinical hypocalcemia was characterized by Ca < 8.55 ng/dL within 72 h after calving. Cows were examined 1, 7 � 3 and 14 � 3 d postpartum for diagnosis of retained fetal membrane and metritis. Total Ca (r = 0.15), NEFA (r = -0.27), and haptoglobin (r = -0.18) concentrations were weakly correlated with DRT. Concentration of BHBA (r = -0.14) was weakly correlated with activity. Postpartum DRT was reduced among cows that delivered twins compared with cows that delivered singletons (385.9 � 17.1 vs 437.9 � 4.8 min/d). Prepartum (430.8 � 14. vs 465.8 � 4.19 arbitrary unit) and postpartum (480.3 � 19.4 vs. 536.5 � 5.5 arbitrary unit) activity were reduced among cows that delivered twins compared with cows that delivered singletons. Delivery of stillborn calves was associated with reduced DRT prepartum (417.0 � 23.4 vs. 478.0 � 5.9 min/d) and postpartum (386.5 � 19.3 vs 437.2 � 4.8 min/d). On the other hand, cows delivering stillborn calves had increased activity prepartum compared with cows delivering live calves (499.3 � 16.2 vs. 461.3 � 4.1 arbitrary unit). Occurrence of retained fetal membrane tended to and was associated with reduced prepartum (444.3 � 11.0 vs. 466.5 � 4.3 arbitrary unit) and postpartum (488.2 � 14.5 vs. 538.8 � 5.7 arbitrary unit) activity, respectively. Cows diagnosed with metritis had reduced postpartum DRT (415.9 � 10.1 vs 441.0 � 5.2 min/d) and activity (512.5 � 11.5 vs. 539.2 � 6.0 arbitrary unit) as compared to cows not diagnosed with metritis. Postpartum activity was reduced among cows that were diagnosed with sub-clinical ketosis (502.20 � 16.5 vs. 536.6 � 6.2 arbitrary unit). Although differences in DRT and activity between populations of cows that developed periparturient diseases and healthy cows were observed, further studies are necessary to determine whether (and how) DRT and activity data may be used to precociously diagnose individuals that will develop such periparturient diseases.
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    Early-life Chronic Stressors, Rumination, and the Onset of Chronic Disorders in Women
    (2018-09) Khandker, Maheruh
    Background: There has been increasing attention on chronic stressors and their influence on various chronic disorders. Prospective and observational and studies have shown associations between early-life chronic stressors (e.g., childhood abuse) and various chronic illnesses. However, little is known about the psychobiological mechanisms linking the two. One plausible contributing mechanism is perseverative cognition. Defined as the repetitive cognitive representation of a psychological stressor, perseverative cognition can extend the psychological and physiological effects of stress contributing to chronic disease etiology. Using retrospective and prospective studies, this dissertation will examine the role of rumination, a manifestation of perseverative cognition, in the development of two very distinct chronic disorders in women: 1) vulvodynia, a chronic pain disorder and 2) prediabetes, a precursor to the metabolic disorder Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods: Three different manuscripts were written to explore early-life stressors, the role of rumination as a stress response, and the onset of chronic disorders vulvodynia and prediabetes. The first manuscript aimed to examine the role of rumination on the onset of vulvodynia. A psychosocial survey with questions specific to early-life traumatic events and rumination were administered to 185 matched case-control pairs of women with and without vulvodynia. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine associations between rumination constructs (i.e., total, emotion-focused, instrumental, and searching for meaning) and vulvodynia onset. Conditional logistic regression was also used to determine whether these associations depended upon early-life stressors (i.e., severity of childhood abuse and of self-reported antecedent traumatic events). Age at interview, antecedent pain disorders, any childhood abuse, and antecedent psychiatric morbidity were included as covariates. The second manuscript, in the same matched pairs, delved further into the role of rumination on the onset of two key vulvodynia phenotypes: 1) primary and secondary onset and, 2) localized and generalized areas of pain. Conditional logistic regression was used to examine associations between rumination constructs and onset of each of the vulvodynia phenotypes. Conditional logistic regression was also used to determine whether these associations depended upon the presence of early-life stressors. Age at interview, antecedent pain disorders, any abuse, and antecedent psychiatric morbidity were included as covariates. The third manuscript examined the associations between rumination and incident prediabetes in a prospective study. The participants were 1,326 white and black women aged 25-37 years without prediabetes or diabetes at baseline (examination year 7; 1992-1993) in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study. Incident prediabetes was estimated based on measures obtained at examination years 10, 15, 20 and 25. Trait rumination was assessed by the Spielberger Trait Anxiety Inventory. Tertiles of trait rumination (i.e., total rumination, bother rumination, keen rumination, and tense rumination) were used to evaluate the hazard of incident prediabetes using Cox regression. All analyses were conducted on SAS 9.4, with a 2-sided type 1 error of 0.05 considered statistically significant. Results: In the first manuscript: Vulvodynia was associated with the highest tertile of emotion-focused (OR=2.1; 95% CI: 1.2, 3.2) and instrumental (OR=2.1; 95% CI: 1.1, 4.0) rumination. These associations were attenuated following additional adjustment for antecedent psychiatric morbidity. Among women who reported rumination about early-life stressors prior to vulvar pain in cases or matched reference age in controls, those with vulvodynia were over 2-times more likely to report the highest tertile of total rumination (OR=2.3; 95% CI:1.1, 5.0) compared to those without vulvodynia. In the second manuscript: Primary and localized vulvodynia were both associated with instrumental rumination (OR=5.2; 95% CI: 1.9, 14.6 and OR=3.0; 95%CI:1.2, 8.0, respectively). These associations were attenuated following additional adjustment for depression; associations with localized vulvodynia became non-significant. No associations were observed for secondary vulvodynia or for generalized vulvodynia. When examining rumination stratified by early-life stressors, localized and generalized vulvodynia were both associated with rumination among women who reported higher levels of trauma severity (OR=7.9; 95% CI 1.8, 34.1) and OR=5.2; 95% CI (1.2, 22.9), respectively). In the third manuscript: After adjusting for covariates, there was a 35% higher incidence of prediabetes in women who were in the highest tertile of bother rumination compared to those in the lowest tertile of bother rumination (HR=1.35; 95% CI: 1.05, 1.75) after adjustment for potential confounders. This association was attenuated following additional adjustment for depression. No other trait rumination constructs were associated with incidence of prediabetes. Among women with a history of childhood physical abuse, there was a 2.2-fold higher incidence of prediabetes in women who were in the highest tertile of bother rumination compared to women who reported being in the lowest tertile of bother rumination (HR=2.23; 95% CI: 1.37, 3.64); there were no associations among women who did not have a history of childhood physical abuse. Conclusion: Outcomes of this dissertation will help to understand the psychobiological mechanisms of vulvodynia and prediabetes in women. Our findings indicate that a prolonged cognitive stress response (i.e., rumination) may be one important mechanism by which early-life stressors contribute to the onset of chronic disorders in women. The results may be useful in developing interventions for the prevention and treatment of these chronic disorders. Findings may also have implications for similar chronic pain syndromes and metabolic disorders in women.
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    Examining Mediators of the Association Between Child Maltreatment and Sleep Disturbance in College Students
    (2022-09) Kaubrys, McKenzie
    A significant portion of students entering college have a history of childhood maltreatment, which has been associated with greater risk for negative mental and physical health outcomes across the lifespan, including disrupted sleep. The present study aimed to assess four mediators of the association between child maltreatment and sleep in a sample of college students. Informed by the hyperarousal model of insomnia, we hypothesized that greater daily rumination, lower perceptions of perceived present control over daily stressors, poorer sleep hygiene, and greater psychological distress would mediate the relation between maltreatment and sleep. The hypothesized model was compared to an alternate path reversal model. Participants (N = 227) electronically completed a self-report measure of childhood maltreatment (baseline) and daily diary surveys assessing rumination, present control, sleep hygiene, and distress for 14 days. Daily measures were aggregated across the 14 days of assessment. Structural equation models were used to test hypotheses. Child maltreatment was significantly associated with greater sleep disturbance. Sleep hygiene partially mediated the association between maltreatment and sleep, whereas the indirect effects of maltreatment on sleep through rumination, present control, and distress were nonsignificant. Results from the alternate path reversal model demonstrated that sleep disturbance mediated the relation between child maltreatment and sleep hygiene and present control, respectively, and sleep disturbance partially mediated the relation between maltreatment and distress and rumination. Results are discussed in the context of previous research and future implications, including informing interventions on university campuses.