Between Dec 19, 2024 and Jan 2, 2025, datasets can be submitted to DRUM but will not be processed until after the break. Staff will not be available to answer email during this period, and will not be able to provide DOIs until after Jan 2. If you are in need of a DOI during this period, consider Dryad or OpenICPSR. Submission responses to the UDC may also be delayed during this time.

Browsing by Subject "pregnancy"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    African-American and Latina Women Seeking Public Health Services: Cultural Beliefs regarding Pregnancy, including Medication-taking Behavior
    (University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, 2011) Sanchez, Luz Dalia; Rowles, Joie; Dube, David
    Objective: to describe cultural beliefs and medication-taking-behavior about pregnancy in African-American and Latina women. Design: qualitative study using phenomenological methodology; face-to-face, semi structured interviews and focus group. Thematic analysis was done to obtain themes consistent with the research objective. Setting: Maricopa County, Arizona, Department of Public-health Programs, November 2008 through April 2009. Participants: women seeking public-health services in the greater Phoenix, Arizona. Results: fifteen adult women representing two ethnic groups (seven African-Americans and eight Latinas) participated. Themes derived from the interview data included: “The Dilemma: To Become or Not to Become Pregnant;” “The Ideal Stress-free World: Support System;” “Changing Worlds: Wanting Dependency;” and “The Health care System: Disconnection from Pregnancy to Postpartum.” Conclusions: based on the cultural themes: 1. pregnancies were not planned; 2. healthy life-style changes were not likely to occur during pregnancy; 3. basic facts about the biology of sexual intercourse and pregnancy were not understood, and there was no usage of any preconceptional or prenatal medications; and 4. professional health care was not desired or considered necessary (except during delivery). These cultural beliefs can contribute to negative birth outcomes, and need to be considered by pharmacists and other health-care providers. The information gained from this study can guide the implementation of educational programs developed by pharmacists that are more sensitive to the cultural beliefs and points of view of these particular women. Such programs would thus be more likely to be favorably received and utilized.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Bacterial Vaginosis and Pregnancy
    (2009-09-18) Yang, Molly
    Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a vaginal infection that occurs when there is a disruption in the balance of the bacteria that normally lives in the vagina. There is an overgrowth of certain bacteria which can lead to symptoms such as discharge and odor. This pamphlet will discuss BV and BV during pregnancy.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Birthing Minnesota: The Associations of Structural Racism and Neighborhood Characteristics with the Health of Minnesota’s Birthing Population, Pregnancy through Postpartum
    (2021-12) Mentzer, Kari
    Structural racism in Minnesota communities may be associated with adverse birth outcomes such as preterm birth, low birthweight, severe maternal morbidity, and death for birthing people. This dissertation provides a comprehensive report on the birthing outcomes of Minnesota people who gave birth 2011-2019 including the rates of prenatal risks (e.g. inadequate prenatal care, diabetes, and hypertension), adverse pregnancy outcomes (e.g. premature birth, low birthweight, fetal death), maternal morbidity (e.g. transfusion, unplanned hysterectomy, admission to ICU), and death (e.g. pregnancy-related, pregnancy-associated, all-cause after the first year). The relationship between structural racism in Minnesota and the health outcomes experienced by birthing people, specifically Black and American Indian people, during the perinatal period and in the years following childbirth is examined using the Index of Concentration at the Extremes (ICE) in a treatment effects model. In areas with the highest exposure to structural racism (according to ICE measures), neighborhood characteristics (e.g. access to healthy food, presence of green spaces, available quality education) may be associated with better than expected outcomes when the quality and number of resources are high. A logistic model was used to detail the association of increasing neighborhood resources to birth outcomes for individuals exposed to high levels of structural racism.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Black Cohosh in pregnancy: It is safe?
    (2010-07-29) Encarnacion, Michelle D.
    Black cohosh is a plant that has long been used by Native Americans and alternative healers for treating various disorders. Although commonly used there is little data regarding the safety of black cohosh. Due to the lack of evidence on its safety, black cohosh should not be used during or for the induction of pregnancy. This pamphlet describes what black cohosh is, how it is used, adverse effects of its use, and current data on its safety during pregnancy.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Careful and Creative Craftwork: How CNMs Legitimize Risk and Responsibility Talk with Pregnant People with a BMI of 30 or Higher: A Critical Discourse Analysis
    (2021-05) Martin, Katherine
    Background: Society has placed an enormous amount of the responsibility for reducing risk during pregnancy on the pregnant people themselves. This neoliberal view of individual responsibility especially has affected pregnant people with a BMI of 30 or higher. They have endured many consequences from this, such as emotional distress, loss of autonomy, stigmatization, marginalization, and are blamed for the increased risk to the baby from their body size. Aims: I sought to learn how CNMs legitimize their talk about risk and to gain a critical understanding of how CNMs are reproducing and/or resisting societal discourses of risk and responsibility with pregnant people with BMIs of 30 or higher. Methods: Van Leeuwen’s categories of legitimation (authorization, moral evaluation, and rationalization) provided the theoretical framework. In an outpatient clinic, I recorded and transcribed verbatim twelve prenatal appointments where CNMs were implementing a new risk-reduction guideline for patients with a BMI of 30 or higher in pregnancy. Using a critical discourse analysis approach influenced by van Leeuwen, Fairclough, and Gee, the transcripts were coded for van Leeuwen’s categories and subcategories of legitimation and then analyzed. Findings: CNMs predominantly used authorization to legitimize the introduction of the BMI guideline in the appointments. When the CNM would give the weight gain, diet, or exercise recommendations, the CNM would follow a similar sequence in their conversation to the other CNMs in the study. The sequence began with CNM stating the recommendation and then assessing for compliance. If the pregnant person was in compliance, there would be explicit praise. If not, either the pregnant person or the CNM would offer an explanation. Then, CNM would validate the explanation. When the CNMs discussed the risks or reducing the risks of having a BMI of 30 or higher, the CNM would most often use the legitimation category rationalization. Conclusions:. CNMs were both reproducing and resisting ideas of risk and responsibility when discussing the BMI guideline. The CNMs appeared aware of the moral weight of the conversation but did not stray from the guideline’s recommendations. CNMs carefully crafted their language to meet both the needs of their patients and the needs of the organization.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Diabetes During Pregnancy: a guide for mothers-to-be diagnosed with Gestational Diabetes
    (2011-12-01) Morcomb, Erin
    Gestational Diabetes occurs in pregnant women who have never been diagnosed with diabetes before but who have high blood sugar (glucose) levels during pregnancy. The exact cause is unknown. Some scientists believe that it is caused by hormones released from the placenta, the structure that helps support the baby as it grows inside of its mother. These hormones are important for the baby’s development, but they can also lead to a phenomenon called insulin resistance, which makes it hard for the mother’s body to use insulin even though it is making enough of it. Since insulin is responsible for getting glucose into cells so that it can be used for energy, and since the mother’s body is resistant to it, the sugar builds up in the blood. This is called hyperglycemia, and it can lead to devastating consequences for both the mom and baby.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Fluconazole-Associated Birth Defects: A Comprehensive Review
    (University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, 2014) Firth, Janssen M.; Daniel, Nicholas; Hughes, Peter J.
    Background: The August 2013 publication of a large historical cohort study in the New England Journal of Medicine has reignited interest in the potential teratogenic effects of fluconazole when used in pregnant females. Fluconazole is an effective and commonly-utilized antifungal medication. Thus, maternal and fetal exposure to fluconazole is expected in the general population, and pharmacists are expected to counsel patients regarding any risks to their prescribed treatment. Methods: A literature review of all published literature indexed to PubMed (January 1966 to October 2013) and International Pharmaceutical Abstracts (January 1975 to October 2013) including fluconazole and teratogenic effects and published in the English language was conducted. Results: Fourteen publications were included for analysis including case reports (n=7), cross-sectional research (n=2), and historical cohort studies (n=5). Conclusion: There appears to be little to no fetal risk resulting from a single dose or short duration antifungal therapy with fluconazole. However, prolonged high-dose fluconazole therapy has increased potential to confer teratogenic effects. In those cases, the risks of such therapy should be weighed against potential benefits.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Group B Streptococcus and Pregnancy
    (2010-07-22) Voight, Jessica M.
    The birth canal of some pregnant women can contain Group B Strep bacteria even though the women may have no symptoms. These bacteria pose a risk to their babies who can pick up the Group B Strep during delivery and develop an infection. All pregnant women should get tested for the bacteria at week 36 of their pregnancy, and those who carry the bacteria need antibiotics during their delivery to prevent an infection in their baby.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Over-the-Counter Medication Use, Perceived Safety, and Decision-Making Behaviors in Pregnant Women
    (University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, 2011) Kline, Katie L.; Westberg, Sarah M.
    The purpose of this study was to determine which over-the-counter (OTC) medications women are using during pregnancy, and to assess patients’ perceived safety of these medications. In addition, the decision-making process utilized by pregnant women when choosing OTC drug therapy was explored, including sources of information and recommendation. The subjects included pregnant women 18 years and older. Subjects were solicited as a convenience sample by providing surveys in two urban women’s clinic waiting rooms. Of the 61 respondents, 96.3% had used an OTC medication, herbal, or vitamin during their current pregnancy. The most common products included prenatal vitamins, acetaminophen, cough drops, antacids, calcium, vitamin D, and DHA. The majority of women surveyed regarded over-the-counter medications, vitamins, and herbals as “safe, but would talk to a healthcare professional before using.” The most utilized sources of drug information during pregnancy were a physician (68.9%), midwife (55.7%), and the Internet (44.3%). There were an equal number of respondents obtaining general OTC information from a pharmacist as from their family and friends (26.2%). Almost all subjects had used an over-the-counter medication during their pregnancy and the majority considered OTCs safe after first consulting a healthcare professional. Although a high percentage of subjects have obtained their information and recommendations from healthcare professionals, a very small proportion of subjects had utilized a pharmacist as a resource. Being drug experts and easily accessible members of the healthcare team, pharmacists have a responsibility to aid the obstetric population in the appropriate and safe use of over-the-counter drugs, vitamins, and herbals during pregnancy.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Prenatal Care for You and Your Growing Baby!
    (2010-07-29) Witt, Leah
    In prenatal care (which simply means, “before birth”), your doctor will track your overall health and baby’s health by talking to you, and with lab tests and a physical exam. These doctor’s visits are very important. One way the doctor will measure your baby’s growth is through a measurement of your growing belly, called “symphysis-fundal height (SFH) measurement”. This is an inexpensive and easy screening tool for fetal growth (an important measure of fetal health). Your doctor will also feel your belly for your baby’s position and fluid around your baby. If your doctor has any concerns about your baby’s growth, she will refer you to have an ultrasound and help you through the process of looking at those results. These measures of your baby’s growth aren’t 100% accurate and your doctor will use all parts of your story and exam to decide how best to help you and your baby.