Browsing by Subject "poultry"

Now showing 1 - 16 of 16
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    An Assessment of the Risk Associated with the Movement of Broiler Day-Old Chicks Into, Within, and Out of a Control Area During a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak
    (2013-10) Goldsmith, Timothy; Buswell, Minden; Halvorson, David; Snider, Timothy; Voss, Shauna; Weaver, Todd; Malladi, Sasidhar
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    An Assessment of the Risk Associated with the Movement of Broiler Hatching Eggs Into, Within, and Out of a Control Area During a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak
    (2012-10) Goldsmith, Timothy; Halvorson, David; Snider, Timothy; Voss, Shauna; Weaver, Todd; Malladi, Sasidhar
    This document is a proactive Risk Assessment (RA) that seeks to evaluate the risk that movement of broiler hatching eggs during a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak in the poultry industry in the United States will result in the spread of HPAI virus to other premises with poultry. This assessment evaluates risks of HPAI spread associated with the movement of broiler hatching eggs originating from a Monitored Premises within, into, and outside a Control Area.
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    An Assessment of the Risk Associated with the Movement of Day-Old Turkey Poults into, within, and out of a Control Area During a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak
    (2014-03) Goldsmith, Timothy; Alexander, Carie; Halvorson, David; Malladi, Sasidhar; Snider, Timothy; Weaver, Todd; Umber, Jamie
    This document is a proactive Risk Assessment (RA) that seeks to evaluate the risk that movement of Day-Old Turkey Poults during a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak in the poultry industry in the United States will result in the spread of HPAI virus to other premises with poultry. This assessment evaluates risks of HPAI spread associated with the movement of Day-Old Turkey Poults originating from a Monitored Premises within, into, and outside a Control Area.
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    An Assessment of the Risk Associated with the Movement of Egg-Type Day-Old Chicks Into, Within and Outside of a Control Area During a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak
    (2010-10) Goldsmith, Timothy; Christina, Der; Ejigu, Girum; Funk, Janel; Halvorson, David; Weaver, Todd; Malladi, Sasidhar
    This document is a proactive Risk Assessment (RA) that seeks to evaluate the risk that movement of Egg-Type Day-Old Chicks during a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak in the poultry industry in the United States will result in the spread of HPAI virus to other premises with poultry. This assessment evaluates risks of HPAI spread associated with the movement of Egg-Type Day-Old Chicks originating from a Monitored Premises within, into, and outside a Control Area.
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    An Assessment of the Risk Associated with the Movement of Eggshells and Inedible Egg Product Into, Within, and Out of a Control Area During a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak
    (2014-03) Goldsmith, Timothy; Alexander, Carie; Der, Christina; Gale, Susan; Halvorson, David; Voss, Shauna; Weaver, Todd; Malladi, Sasidhar
    This document is a proactive Risk Assessment (RA) that seeks to evaluate the risk that movement of Eggshells and Inedible Egg Product during a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak in the poultry industry in the United States will result in the spread of HPAI virus to other premises with poultry. This assessment evaluates risks of HPAI spread associated with the movement of Eggshells and Inedible Egg Product originating from a Monitored Premises within, into, and outside a Control Area.
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    An Assessment of the Risk Associated with the Movement of Layer Hatching Eggs Into, Within, and Outside of a Control Area During a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak
    (2011-05) Goldsmith, Timothy; Der, Christina; Ejigu, Girum; Funk, Janel; Halvorson, David; Weaver, Todd; Malladi, Sasidhar
    This document is a proactive Risk Assessment (RA) that seeks to evaluate the risk that movement of Layer Hatching Eggs during a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak in the poultry industry in the United States will result in the spread of HPAI virus to other premises with poultry. This assessment evaluates risks of HPAI spread associated with the movement of Layer Hatching Eggs originating from a Monitored Premises within, into, and outside a Control Area.
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    An Assessment of the Risk Associated with the Movement of Nest Run Eggs Into, Within, and Outside of a Control Area During a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak
    (2010-06) Goldsmith, Timothy; Funk, Janel; Halvorson, David; Lee, Brendan; Voss, Shauna; Weaver, Todd; Malladi, Sasidhar
    This document is a proactive Risk Assessment (RA) that seeks to evaluate the risk that movement of Nest Run Eggs during a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak in the poultry industry in the United States will result in the spread of HPAI virus to other premises with poultry. This assessment evaluates risks of HPAI spread associated with the movement of Nest Run Eggs originating from a Monitored Premises within, into, and outside a Control Area.
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    An Assessment of the Risk Associated with the Movement of Pasteurized Liquid Egg and Its Products Into, Within, and Outside of a Control Area During a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak
    (2009-01) Goldsmith, Timothy; Halvorson, David; Malladi, Sasidhar; McElroy, Kristina; Waters, Katherine; Clouse, Timothy
    This document is a proactive Risk Assessment (RA) that seeks to evaluate the risk that movement of Pasteurized Liquid Egg during a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak in the poultry industry in the United States will result in the spread of HPAI virus to other premises with poultry. This assessment evaluates risks of HPAI spread associated with the movement of Pasteurized Liquid Egg originating from a Monitored Premises within, into, and outside a Control Area.
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    An Assessment of the Risk Associated with the Movement of Turkey Hatching Eggs Into, Within, and Out of a Control Area During a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak
    (2015-01) Goldsmith, Timothy; Alexander, Carie; Halvorson, David; Malladi, Sasidhar; Snider, Timothy; Voss, Shauna; Weaver, Todd; Umber, Jamie
    This document is a proactive Risk Assessment (RA) that seeks to evaluate the risk that movement of Turkey Hatching Eggs during a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak in the poultry industry in the United States will result in the spread of HPAI virus to other premises with poultry. This assessment evaluates risks of HPAI spread associated with the movement of Turkey Hatching Eggs originating from a Monitored Premises within, into, and outside a Control Area.
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    An Assessment of the Risk Associated with the Movement of Washed and Sanitized Shell Eggs Into, Within, and Outside of a Control Area During a Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Outbreak
    (2009-10) Goldsmith, Timothy; Funk, Janel; Halvorson, David; Hennesey, Morgan; Lee, Brendan; McElroy, Kristina; Waters, Katherine; Weaver, Todd; Malladi, Sasidhar
    This document is a proactive Risk Assessment (RA) that seeks to evaluate the risk that movement of Washed and Sanitized Shell Eggs during a highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) outbreak in the poultry industry in the United States will result in the spread of HPAI virus to other premises with poultry. This assessment evaluates risks of HPAI spread associated with the movement of Washed and Sanitized Shell Eggs originating from a Monitored Premises within, into, and outside a Control Area.
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    A consistent and predictable commercial broiler chicken bacterial microbiome in antibiotic-free production displays strong correlations with performance
    (2018-01-16) Johnson, Timothy J; Youmans, Bonnie P; Noll, Sally; Cardona, Carol; Evans, Nicholas; Kernezos, Peter; Ngunjiri, John; Abundo, Michael; Lee, Chang-Won; tjj@umn.edu; Johnson, Timothy J
    Defining the baseline bacterial microbiome is critical towards understanding its relationship with health and disease. In broiler chickens, numerous studies have aimed at defining the core microbiome, yet the core and its possible relationships with health and disease have been difficult to define due to lack of study power. Here, the most comprehensive microbiome-based effort to date in commercial broilers was undertaken. The primary goals of this study included understanding what constitutes core in the broiler gastrointestinal, respiratory, and barn environments; how these core players change across age, geography, and time; and which bacterial taxa correlate with enhanced bird performance in antibiotic-free flocks. Using 2,309 samples from 37 different commercial flocks within a vertically integrated broiler system, and metadata from 549 flocks within that system, the baseline bacterial microbiome was defined. The effects of age, sample type, flock, and successive flock cycles were compared, and results indicate a consistent, predictable, age-dependent bacterial microbiome, irrespective of flock. The tracheal bacterial microbiome of broilers was comprehensively defined for the first time, and interestingly, Lactobacillus was the dominant bacterial taxa in the trachea. Numerous bacterial taxa were identified which were strongly correlated with broiler chicken performance, across multiple tissues. While many positively correlated taxa were identified representing targets for future probiotic development, many negatively associated potential pathogens were identified in the absence of clinical disease, indicating subclinical dynamics occurring that impact performance. Overall, this work provides necessary baseline data for the development of effective antibiotic alternatives for sustainable poultry production.
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    COVID‐19 Response: The Role of Poultry Farmers in Minnesota’s Rural Economy
    (2020) Hadrich, Joleen; Roberts, Megan; Tuck, Brigid
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    E-supplement to: Efficacy of antibiotic and non-antibiotic interventions in preventing and treating necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens: a systematic review
    (2022) Bueno, Irene; Ricke, Isabel; Hwan, Haejin; Smith, Emily; Nault, Andre; Johnson, Timothy; Singer, Randall S.
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    The effects of different feed additives on bird performance and the gastrointestinal microbiome of Salmonella-challenged broilers
    (2018-01-16) Johnson, Timothy J; Evans, Nicholas; Karnezos, Peter; Sims, Michael; Youmans, Bonnie P; tjj@umn.edu; Johnson, Timothy J
    A 42-day, 60-unit floor pen (10 pens per treatment, 25 birds per pen) Salmonella challenge study was conducted to determine the effects of supplementing broiler diets with virginiamycin (VM); medium chain fatty acids (MCFA); MCFA plus lactic acid (MCFA+LA) and a phytogenic blend (PB). Effects were assessed on bird performance and ileal, cecal, and litter microbiomes in birds challenged with Salmonella Typhimurium. Treatments were compared with a non-inoculated control group (NIC) and a Salmonella-challenged group without feed additives (IC). At days 14, 28, and 42 of age, all bird weights and intake were measured, 20 birds from each treatment were euthanized, and the ceca and ilea of euthanized birds were collected along with grab litter samples from each pen. Bacterial profiling was performed using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. Subsequent analyses were performed for measurements of alpha and beta bacterial community diversity, taxonomic classifications, and assessments of bacterial taxa that were shifted as a result of different treatments. At 42 days, body weights and mortality adjusted feed conversions for the UIC were significantly better (P<0.1) than the IC and VM while the MCFA, MCFA+LA and PB treatments were similar to the negative UIC. The Salmonella challenge itself had significant (P<0.01) effects on the bacterial microbiome of all sample types, with the greatest effects observed in the cecal microbiome of the bird. The VM treatment counteracted the effects of the Salmonella challenge on the overall bacterial communities of all sample types (P<0.05). While none of the antibiotic alternative treatments had significant effects on overall bacterial community structure consistent over time, specific bacterial taxa were impacted by several treatments. These included Candidatus Arthromitus (segmented filamentous bacteria), Peptostreptococcus, and Clostridium species. Unique signature taxonomic effects were identified for each treatment type, demonstrating attributes of each feed additive type in contributing to unique effects on the bird microbiota. Overall, this work identifies microbiome modulations conferred by different antibiotic alternatives under a Salmonella challenge.
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    Efficacy of antibiotic and non-antibiotic interventions in preventing and treating necrotic enteritis in broiler chickens: a protocol for a systematic review
    (2020) Bueno, Irene; Smith, Emily; Hwang, Haejin; Nault, Andre J.; Valeris-Chacin, Robert; Singer, Randall S.
    Necrotic enteritis is one of the most common and economically important bacterial diseases affecting the broiler industry. Limitations on the use of antimicrobials have highlighted the need to evaluate the efficacy of non-antibiotic alternatives and management strategies. However, the available evidence on the efficacy of non-antibiotic interventions for necrotic enteritis has not been systematically synthesized. Here we present a protocol to conduct a systematic review of the literature to assess the efficacy of non-antibiotic interventions compared to antibiotic interventions in preventing and treating necrotic enteritis cases in broiler chickens.
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    Relationships between cecum, ileum and litter bacterial microbiomes in a commercial turkey flock, and the impact of penicillin treatment on early bacterial community establishment
    (2015-10-19) Danzeisen, Jessica; Clayton, Jonathan; Huang, Hu; Knights, Dan; McComb, Brian; Hayer, Shivdeep; Johnson, Timothy; joh04207@umn.edu; Johnson, Timothy
    Gut health is paramount for commercial poultry production, and methods to assess gut health are critically needed to better understand how the avian gastrointestinal tract matures over time. One important aspect of gut health is the totality of bacterial populations inhabiting different sites of the avian gastrointestinal tract, and associations of these populations with the poultry farm environment, since these bacteria are thought to drive metabolism and prime the host immune system. In this study, a single flock of commercial turkeys was followed over the course of twelve weeks to examine bacterial microbiome inhabiting the ceca, ileum, and corresponding poultry litter. Furthermore, the effects of low-dose, growth-promoting penicillin treatment (50 g/ton) in feed on the ileum bacterial microbiome were also examined during the early brood period. The cecum and ileum bacterial communities of birds shifted independently but in parallel to one another over time, with distinct bacterial populations harboring each site. Corresponding poultry litter more closely represented the ileal bacterial populations than cecal bacterial populations, and also changed parallel to ileum bacterial populations over time. Penicillin applied at low doses in feed significantly enhanced early weight gain in commercial poults, and this correlated with predictable shifts in the ileum bacterial populations in control versus treatment groups. Overall, this study demonstrates the dynamic shifts in the turkey gastrointestinal microbiome during development, the correlations between bacterial populations in the gastrointestinal tract and the litter environment, and the impact of low-dose penicillin on the modulation of bacterial communities in the ileum. Alternatives to low-dose antibiotics would benefit by mimicking these effects in the gut, among others.