Browsing by Subject "mineral"

Now showing 1 - 7 of 7
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    Educational Series 2. Guide to Mineral Collecting in Minnesota
    (Minnesota Geological Survey, 1966) Rapp, G.R. Jr; Wallace, D.T.
    Mineral collecting is a hobby that appeals to more than six million Americans. Rocks and minerals provide many of the clues to what we know about nature. Our knowledge of the age of the earth, the nature of prehistoric life, and the record of the great ice ages comes from what we can determine from the study of rock strata. This booklet is about the rocks and minerals found in Minnesota. It is intended for the general public, particularly for those individuals that are just awakening to or are renewing an earlier interest in rocks. We hope to point the beginner in a direction that will provide an interesting and rewarding hobby. To do this we offer some essential background on rocks and minerals and a detailed guide to many of Minnesota's more attractive rock and mineral specimens.
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    Educational Series 2. Guide to Mineral Collecting in Minnesota_Revised
    (Minnesota Geological Survey, 1974) Rapp, G.R. Jr; Wallace, D.T.
    Mineral collecting appeals to more than six million Americans. Rocks and minerals provide many clues to what we know about nature. Our knowledge of the age of the earth, the nature of prehistoric life, and the record of the great ice ages comes from what we can determine from the study of rock strata. This booklet is about rocks and minerals in Minnesota. It is intended for the general public, particularly for those individuals that are just awakening to or are renewing an earlier interest in rocks. We hope to point the beginner in a direction that will provide an interesting and rewarding hobby. To do this we offer some essential background on rocks and minerals and a detailed guide to many of Minnesota's more attractive rock and mineral specimens.
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    Educational Series 2. Guide to Mineral Collecting in Minnesota_Revision2
    (Minnesota Geological Survey, 1979) Rapp, G.R. Jr; Wallace, D.T.
    Mineral collecting appeals to more than six million Americans. Rocks and minerals provide many clues to what we know about nature. Our knowledge of the age of the earth, the nature of prehistoric life, and the record of the great ice ages comes from what we can determine from the study of rock strata. This booklet is about rocks and minerals in Minnesota. It is intended for the general public, particularly for those individuals that are just awakening to or are renewing an earlier interest in rocks. We hope to point the beginner in a direction that will provide an interesting and rewarding hobby. To do this we offer some essential background on rocks and minerals and a detailed guide to many of Minnesota's more attractive rock and mineral specimens.
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    Improving sensory and functional properties of reduced sodium, low moisture part skim mozzarella cheese
    (2023-04) Grossbier, Dustin
    Excess dietary sodium is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular diseases. Sodium-containing ingredients, however, have functional roles in food safety and quality. Dairy products, particularly cheese associated with pizza, are substantial contributors to dietary sodium. The goal of this study was to produce a reduced-sodium, low-moisture part-skim (RS-LMPS) mozzarella cheese (1.2% salt equivalent) that maintains the desirable flavor and functionality of full-sodium part-skim mozzarella (1.8% salt equivalent). Cheeses were produced at each combination of pH (5.6 and 5.4) and acid (acetic, citric, and lactic). Splitting of each batch to which salting at 1.8% (control) and 1.2% (reduced and Delactosed whey permeate fraction (DLPF)) of the curd weight. Additionally, DLPF treatments were subjected to immersion in DLPF during the stretching step. DLPF treatments were found to have higher moisture and lower fat, contributing to reduced shreddability and a reduced sensory acceptability. Calcium in cheese was found to be the driving factor for cheese functionality. Total calcium, in turn, was dependent on coagulation pH and acid type. Treatments at pH 5.6 were significantly firmer, had higher peak extensibility force, and increased tendency to crumble upon shredding. A consumer panel of a subset of the treatments found that control salt levels were perceived as being more salty and having the highest ratings for overall and cheese liking even over a commercially produced mozzarella. While statistically significant differences were found, the magnitude of the differences among treatments was not substantial. This suggests that further optimization may produce cheeses of equivalent functional and sensory attributes.
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    Information Circular 1. Directory of Minnesota Mineral Producers 1962
    (Minnesota Geological Survey, 1964) Sims, P.K.
    In this directory a mineral producer is defined as one who removed or mined mineral-bearing materials or substances other than water from their natural setting. Generally the producer processed the mineral raw materials into a form more suitable for marketing. The business addresses, locations of the sites of exploitation and locations of the associated plants are listed. The data in this report were obtained from many public and governmental sources. We welcome additional data, corrections and suggestions to improve succeeding numbers of this directory.
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    OFR11-02, Potential for Implementation of Mineral Carbonation as a Carbon Sequestration Method in Minnesota
    (Minnesota Geological Survey, 2011) Thorleifson, L.Harvey
    Minnesota, with a population of about five million, is a significant source of greenhouse gas emissions, and a state that is vulnerable to climate change, such as the impact that increased frequency or severity of drought or storms would have on agriculture, water supply, wildlife, lake levels, and public security. Minnesota therefore has an interest in reducing our own vulnerability, while concurrently contributing to needed world-wide solutions. As has been stressed, for example, in documents prepared for and by the Minnesota Climate Change Advisory Group, emissions reductions can have multiple benefits, including conservation, cost efficiency, and air quality enhancement, while also directly contributing to mitigation of climate change. Anthropogenic climate change seems already to have begun, however, so adaptation to climate change accompanies mitigation in the climate change policy agenda. Mitigation of greenhouse gas emissions can be achieved through reduced fossil fuel combustion, while concurrently capturing and storing carbon in biomass, or in geologic repositories. It has become apparent that the best approach is likely to be for several options to concurrently be implemented. Minnesota may be well positioned to utilize the mineral carbonation method of geologic carbon sequestration, given the presence of vast tonnages of appropriate rock material in the Duluth region, some of which could be mined for copper, nickel, and platinum group elements, pending the outcome of current permitting procedures. Should these deposits go into production, a slurry of minerals suitable for mineral carbonation of CO2 would be produced as a waste product from the mines. The principal constraint to mineral carbonation at present appears to be cost. Nevertheless, there could be developments in the method, and there could be circumstances in which a particularly favorable mineral carbonation opportunity could coincide with constraints to other aspects of the sequestration procedure, such as considerations regarding transportation, thus possibly making mineral carbonation a conceivable option.
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    OFR20-01, Minnesota Data Preservation Report for 2019/2020: Updated Data Inventory, Preservation of Pillsbury Hall Rock Collections and Documentation, Assembly of Mineral Potential Related Information
    (Minnesota Geological Survey, 2020) Thorleifson, L Harvey
    Minnesota Geological Survey (MGS) activity is focused primarily on recommendations of Legislative panels that indicate that statewide coverage of layered County Geologic Atlases will be needed to support management of water resources, while concurrently being needed for applications such as mineral resources, engineering, hazards, and research. All MGS activity is reliant on geological specimens, as well as geological, geophysical, and geochemical data. The MGS long-term data preservation plan prepared in 2009 identified the highest priorities in relation to applications such as groundwater management and mineral resource assessment. Included were: 1) reprocessing of the aeromagnetic database; 2) enhancement of location precision for gravity stations; 3) vertical georeferencing of the rock property database; 4) cataloging and georeferencing of rocks and thin sections stored at the building MGS occupied from 1983 to 2015; 5) standardized formats for existing databases; and 6) scan and web enable all publications. More recently, a need was recognized for: 7) scanning, digitizing, and enhanced cataloging of borehole geophysical records, 8) comprehensive regional geophysical survey rescue, 9) enhancements to the cuttings collection and database. Objectives 1, 2, and 3 were completed with State of Minnesota support. Objective 4 was completed with multiple years of NGGDPP support. Objective 5 is ongoing. Objective 6 was completed with University of Minnesota Library support. Objective 7 was completed for gamma logs with our 2015 NGGDPP grant, and was completed for all borehole geophysical logs due to 2017 NGGDPP support. Geophysical survey rescue will remain unfulfilled due to staff availability constraints. Work on cuttings will be carried out due to NGGDPP support during 2020/2021.