Browsing by Subject "methods"

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    Comparing Two Classification Methods of Third Molar Development
    (2018-06) Kats, Olga
    BACKGROUND: Radiographic evaluation of third molar development is often used in estimating chronological age. A widely used system of such an evaluation, developed by Demirjian, uses eight growth stages (Demirjian et al. 1973). These stages are defined by changes of shape and can be subjective (Sisman et al. 2007). A new staging system uses numeric values (millimeters) to separate the stages (Hammer 2015). OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to determine if Hammer’s staging of third molar development is more reliable than Demirjian’s staging. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Existing panoramic radiographs from University of Minnesota Orthodontic Department were scored twice by three calibrated readers using Hammer and Demirjian Staging Classifications. Kappa statistics were calculated to assess intra- and inter-rater agreement. RESULTS: The results showed that Hammer’s method had higher intra- and inter-rater reliability, but is not significantly different from Demirjian’s method. CONCLUSION: Hammer’s classification of third molar eruption pattern may be used to stage third molar formation. Future studies may aim to correlate Hammer’s classification with population-specific chronological age data.
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    Multiple Methods to Evaluate Racial Biases in Multiracial Children
    (2024) Bensus, Irene J.; Pickron, Charisse, B; Albuja, Analia
    Several studies have shared that an important part of many children's development of explicit racial biases are influenced by the social context. Majority of our understanding about development of social biases has been based on monoracial children. There are many unanswered questions on the way being raised in a multiracial household may shape racial biases in early childhood. We are developing a study that investigates race related biases in Multiracial children. The study includes 3 measures of explicit racial bias and 1 implicit racial bias task. Data will be collected over Zoom with children aged 4-8 years of age. For explicit biases we will evaluate how much participants like someone of a different race, who children want to learn novel information from, and who children prefer to socialize with. The implicit racial bias task evaluates racial attitudes of positive and negative associations of White and Black faces. The next step of this project is to pilot tasks with adults and children. This project is important because to equip and support Multiracial children we must understand the changes and development of racial biases in earlier stages of life. We anticipate, Multiracial children having weaker racial bias.