Browsing by Subject "local adaptation"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Natural selection and neutral evolutionary processes contribute to genetic divergence in leaf traits across a precipitation gradient in the tropical oak Quercus oleoides
    (2018-02-28) Ramírez-Valiente, José A.; Deacon, Nicholas J.; Etterson, Julie; Center, Alyson; Sparks, Jed P.; Sparks, Kimberlee L.; Longwell, Timothy; Pilz, George; Cavender-Bares, Jeannine; cavender@umn.edu; Cavender-Bares, Jeannine; LOARD: Live Oak Adaptation and Response to Drought project
    The impacts of drought are expanding worldwide as a consequence of climate change. However, there is still little knowledge of how species respond to long-term selection in seasonally-dry ecosystems. In this study, we used QST-FST comparisons to investigate (i) the role of natural selection on population genetic differentiation for a set of functional traits related to drought resistance in the seasonally-dry tropical oak Quercus oleoides and (ii) the influence of water availability at the site of population origin and in experimental treatments on patterns of trait divergence. We conducted a thorough phenotypic characterization of 1896 seedlings from ten populations growing in field and greenhouse common gardens under replicated watering treatments. We also genotyped 222 individuals from the same set of populations using eleven nuclear microsatellites. The data sets include all of the raw data used in the analyses include nuclear microsatellites from populations examined in the field common garden, phenotypic data from a field common garden, nuclear microsatellites from populations examined in a greenhouse experiment, and phenotypic data from a field common garden.
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    Physiological and fitness consequences of seasonal rainfall variation in neotropical live oak seedlings (Quercus oleoides): implications for global change
    (2015-06) Center, Alyson
    Broadly distributed species often span a large range of environmental conditions, which pose contrasting physiological challenges. Such species are thought to persist across this heterogeneity, either by locally adapting or by evolving wide environmental tolerances via phenotypic plasticity or maintaining high genetic variation. The extent to which populations display local adaptation, phenotypic plasticity, and high within-population genetic variation will have large impacts on species responses to climate change. Large- scale habitat fragmentation impedes migration making plasticity and adaptation important mechanisms for in situ persistence. Using common gardens with reciprocal plantings we investigated the consequences of changes in water availability in the broadly distributed tropical live oak, Quercus oleoides. Chapter 1 examines the relationship among seed production timing, germination and seedling fitness at the local scale in dry forests of NW Costa Rica. In chapter 2, I investigate the extent to which four populations of Q. oleoides from regions with contrasting rainfall patterns exhibit local adaptation and the role of changes in water availability on seedlings fitness. In chapter 3, I examine the extent that populations exhibit differentiation in traits related to carbon and water use. Chapter 3 also investigates the role of trait plasticity in seedling responses to changes in seasonal water availability and the patterns of phenotypic selection on traits. Results from these studies show that local-scale differences in seed production timing have significant consequences for germination and seedling fitness. At a larger spatial scale, results of this work indicate that the broadly distributed Q. oleoides does not consist of a series of locally adapted populations, but rather, of populations with wide environmental tolerances. Seedlings from all populations show similar physiological and morphological responses to changes in water availability and differences among garden sites. Trait plasticity contributes more to phenotypic trait variation than within-population genetic differences. Overall, populations of Q. oleoides lineage represent a lineage well-adapted to drought. Populations are able to maintain fitness with changes in water availability in the short-term through plasticity but may be limited in their long-term adaptive capacity to future changes in rainfall patterns due to low within-population genetic variation for physiological traits.
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    SNP Genotyping Data from the Barley Experimental Population from "Two Genomic Regions Contribute Disproportionately to Geographic Differentiation in Wild Barley"
    (2016-07-19) Fang, Zhou; Gonzales, Ana M; Clegg, Michael T; Smith, Kevin P; Muehlbauer, Gary J; Steffenson, Brian J; Morrell, Peter L; pmorrell@umn.edu; Morrell, Peter L
    Two Barley Oligo Pool Assay chips (BOPA 1 and 2) were genotyped from the Wild Barley Diversity Collection. Due to its broad geographic distribution and ecological adaptation, this collection is a valuable source of potentially useful genes.
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    The spatial scale of adaptation in common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia)
    (2019-09) Gorton, Amanda
    Environmental variation at both large and small spatial scales can influence the ecological and evolutionary trajectory of plant populations. Decades of common garden and reciprocal transplant experiments have demonstrated that local adaptation is widespread. However, most experiments examining local adaptation compare populations at a single spatial scale. For my dissertation, I combined field experiments and population genetics to examine how environmental variation at three spatial scales—small (i.e., among populations), regional (i.e., urban vs. rural), and continental (i.e., across latitudes)—shapes local adaptation in common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia L.). I found evidence for adaptation to urban environments and latitudinal gradients in climate. More specifically, I found evidence that phenotypic divergence at small spatial scales (e.g. within a city) can be greater than divergence found at larger spatial scales. Across latitudes, I found that photoperiod influences the fitness of common ragweed populations, and the relevant spatial scale for adaptation varies across life history stages. In addition, for northern populations of ragweed, I found that climate change is already causing maladaptation. Lastly, my population genomic work with RNA-seq identified new traits of interest that may be involved in local adaptation, including stomatal opening and closing and seed dormancy. I discuss these results with regard to how they can help us understand local adaptation more broadly and in turn predict how plants may respond to climate change.