Browsing by Subject "in vivo"
Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
Results Per Page
Sort Options
Item In Vivo Forces of Male Urethral Catheterization(2021-07) Hanson, SarahThe purpose of this study was to quantify typical urethral catheter insertion forces of male anatomy in vivo. This provided a quantitative range of forces that may be used to objectively evaluate trainees or educational simulators. A custom-made Handheld Catheter Insertion Force Assessment tool (+/- 0.29N accuracy) was used to capture force profiles of (n=16) urethral catheterizations of (n=12) unique older (52-92 years) living male patients by a single urologist under IRB 00003363. Across all catheterizations, insertion force range was found to be 81.2gf (0.796N) to 509gf (4.99N). The resulting mean was 185gf (1.81N), the median was 163gf (1.60N), and the standard deviation was 72.8gf (0.714N). Substantial force variation was observed within each trial. The average maximum force per trial, associated with bladder entry, was 306gf (3.01N). These measurements differed substantially from postmortem and physical simulation measurements. To be more realistic, changes in mechanical properties of simulator design are necessary.Item Multiscale Investigation of Low Intensity Transcranial Focused Ultrasound Neuromodulation in in-vivo Rodent Models(2017-12) Niu, XiaodanTranscranial focused ultrasound (tFUS) is a noninvasive neuromodulation method that modulates neural activity using mechanical pressure waves. tFUS has emerged as a promising noninvasive neuromodulation method with millimeter scale resolution and propensity to stimulate deep structures. Researchers have reported tFUS induced short term excitation or inhibition at cortical or deep brain. Currently, there are no reports of long term effects elicited by tFUS. The ability to use tFUS to non-invasively induce long term changes in the brain expands the clinical utility of tFUS. In order to explore the long term effects of tFUS on synaptic connectivity, we first evaluated our setup by examining the ability of tFUS to reliably induce short term changes to in vivo rats. After establishing our setup, we applied pulsed ultrasound to encode temporal information into the hippocampus to induce long term depression in 5 adult rats. Further investigations are needed to explore the underlying mechanisms.