Browsing by Subject "identification key"

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    Revision and phylogeny of the caddisfly subfamily Protoptilinae (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae) inferred from adult morphology and mitochondrial DNA
    (Magnolia Press, 2013) Robertson, Desiree R.; Holzenthal, Ralph W.
    Protoptilinae Ross, 1956, is the most diverse subfamily belonging to the saddle- or tortoise-case-making caddisfly family Glossosomatidae Wallengren, 1891. The subfamily has a disjunct distribution: 5 genera are known from the East Palaearctic and Oriental regions; the remaining 13 are restricted to the Nearctic and Neotropical regions. Monophyly of Protoptilinae and each of 17 genera was tested using 80 taxa, 99 morphological characters, and mitochondrial DNA (COI). Additionally, homologies of morphological characters were assessed across genera and a standardized terminology for those structures was established. Mitochondrial DNA data were unavailable for 55 of the 80 taxa included in this study. To test the effects of the missing molecular data, 5 different datasets were analyzed using both parsimony and Bayesian methods. There was incongruence between the COI and morphological data, but results suggest the inclusion of COI data in a combined analysis, although incomplete, improved the overall phylogenetic signal. Bayesian and parsimony analyses of all 5 datasets strongly supported the monophyly of Protoptilinae. Monophyly of the following genera was also supported: Canoptila Mosely, 1939; Culoptila Mosely, 1954; Itauara Müller, 1888; Mastigoptila Flint, 1967; Mortoniella Ulmer, 1906; Protoptila Banks, 1904; and Tolhuaca Schmid, 1964. Several taxonomic changes were necessary for classification to reflect phylogeny accurately. Accordingly, Matrioptila Ross, 1938; Poeciloptila Schmid, 1991; Temburongpsyche Malicky, 1992; and Nepaloptila Kimmins, 1964, are designated new junior synonyms of Padunia Martynov, 1910. Additionally, the endemic Caribbean genera Campsiophora Flint, 1964, and Cubanoptila Sykora, 1973, are designated new junior synonyms of Cariboptila Flint, 1964. Diagnoses and a key to the subfamilies of Glossosomatidae and world genera of Protoptilinae incorporating these taxonomic changes are provided.
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    Revision of the Nearctic species of the caddisfly genus Wormaldia McLachlan (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae)
    (Magnolia Press, 2008) Munoz-Quedada, Fernando J.; Holzenthal, Ralph W.
    The genus Wormaldia McLachlan 1865 (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae: Philopotaminae) is one of eight Philopotamidae genera found in the New World. In the Nearctic Region five genera are reported: Chimarra, Dolophilodes, Fumonta, Sisko, and Wormaldia. This last genus is diverse and widely distributed from Canada to South America; for the Nearctic Region the following species are reported: W. anilla (Ross, 1941), Canada, USA; W. arizonensis (Ling, 1938), Mexico, USA; W. gabriella (Banks, 1930), Canada, USA; W. gesugta Schmid, 1968, USA; W. hamata Denning, 1951, USA; W. lacerna Denning, 1958, USA; W. laona Denning, 1989, USA; W. moesta (Banks, 1914), Canada, USA; W. mohri (Ross, 1948), USA; W. occidea (Ross, 1938), Canada, USA; W. oconee Morse, 1989, USA; W. pachita Denning, 1956, USA; W. planae Ross and King, 1956, USA, W. shawnee (Ross, 1938), USA; W. strota (Ross, 1938), USA; and W. thyria Denning, 1950, USA. Diagnoses, redescriptions, and illustrations of the forewing, the hind wing, and the male genitalia of the 16 species are provided. New state distribution records are given for W. anilla, W. gabriella, W. occidea, W. planae, and W. shawnee. Two undescribed Nearctic species are diagnosed, described, and illustrated: Wormaldia birneyi, new species, from USA (California) and W. clauseni, new species, from Canada (British Columbia). A key for identification of males of these 18 species of Wormaldia is provided, as well as maps of their Nearctic distributions.
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    Revision of the Neotropical species of the caddisfly genus Wormaldia McLachlan (Trichoptera: Philopotamidae)
    (Magnolia Press, 2015) Munoz-Quedada, Fernando J.; Holzenthal, Ralph W.
    Wormaldia McLachlan 1865 is the 2nd largest genus in the family Philopotamidae (Trichoptera) after Chimarra Stephens 1829 and is diverse and widely distributed, with ca. 175 extant species in all biogeographic regions except the Australasian. In this monograph, 14 previously described species are recognized for the Neotropical region: W. alicia Bueno-Soria, Santiago-Fragoso, & Barba-Alvarez 2005 [Mexico]; W. arizonensis (Ling 1938) [Mexico, USA]; W. cornuta Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal1986 [Mexico]; W. dampfi Ross & King 1956 [Mexico, Nicaragua]; W. dorsata Ross & King 1956 [Mexico]; W. endonima Ross & King 1956 [Mexico]; W. esperonis Ross & King 1956 [Mexico]; W. insignis (Martynov 1912) [Peru]; W. luma Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal 1986 [Mexico]; W. matagalpa Flint 1995 [Costa Rica, Guatemala, Nicaragua]; W. palma Flint 1991 [Colombia]; W. planae Ross & King 1956 [southwestern USA, Mexico, Caribbean, Central America, and northern South America]; W. prolixa Flint 1991[Colombia]; and W. tarasca Bueno-Soria & Holzenthal 1986 [Mexico]. Also, 36 additional Neotropical species are newly diagnosed, described, and illustrated: W. andrea [Ecuador]; W. anhelitus [Central America]; W. araujoi [Ecuador]; W. aymara [Bolivia]; W. barbai [Mexico]; W. bolivari [Venezuela]; W. boteroi [Colombia]; W. buenorum [Mexico]; W. calderonae [Mexico]; W. chrismark [Panama]; W. contrerasi [Panama]; W. dachiardiorum [Colombia]; W. eberhardi [Panama]; W. flinti [Bolivia, Panama]; W. francovilla [Panama]; W. fredycarol [Costa Rica, Panama]; W. gallardoi [Costa Rica, Panama]; W. gonzalezae [Venezuela]; W. hedamafera [Costa Rica, Nicaragua]; W. imberti [Costa Rica]; W. inca [Peru]; W. isela [Mexico]; W. juarox [Costa Rica]; W. lauglo [Panama]; W. machadorum [Costa Rica, Panama]; W. maesi [Nicaragua]; W. menchuae [Guatemala]; W. monsonorum [Costa Rica]; W. navarroae [Mexico]; W. paprockevi [Costa Rica]; W. saboriorum [Panama]; W. tocajoma [Costa Rica]; W. trondi [Costa Rica, Panama]; W. tupacamara [Bolivia]; W. zunigae [Colombia]; and W. zunigarceorum [Costa Rica, Panama]. In addition, the species W. arcopa Denning 1966 from Panama is considered a junior subjective synonym of W. planae. Furthermore, new distribution records for the Neotropical region for several species are given. Diagnoses, redescriptions, and illustrations of the male genitalia of the other 14 described Neotropical species in the genus are also presented. Illustrations of the forewing and hind wing of 19 species are also given. A structural terminology for male tergum X is proposed. Finally, a key for identification of males of all Neotropical species is provided.