Browsing by Subject "groundwater"
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Item 19 June 2006 Dye Trace of the Cave Farm Blind Valley Stream Sink (MN23:B0058)(2006-08) Costello, Daniel E; Alexander Jr., E. CalvinA qualitative fluorescent dye trace has established that water sinking in the Cave Farm Blind Valley resurges at Bly’s Spring on Bear Creek in Fillmore County, Minnesota. This trace establishes the resurgence point for the Cave Farm Blind Valley and a lower limit of > 1 kilometer per day on the groundwater flow velocity. This trace documents the potential impact of a break in the British Petroleum pipeline, which is directly below the blind valley, could have on the Spring Valley karst. The Spring Valley karst also may act as an underground flow path that pirates water from Deer Creek to Bear Creek.Item 2015 Olmsted County Dye Traces(2019-04-17) Larsen, Martin R; Johnson, Scot B; Green, Jeffrey A; Kasahara, Sophie M; Wheeler, Betty J; Alexander Jr, E CalvinItem 2017 York Blind Valley Dye Trace Fillmore County, MN(2018-10) Larsen, Martin R; Green, Jeffrey A; Barry, John D; Kasahara, Sophie M; Wheeler, Betty J; Alexander Jr., E CalvinItem Ahrensfeld Creek and Borson Northeast Dye Trace Report 2007-2010 Winona County, MN(2017) Green, Jeffrey A; Alexander Jr., E. Calvin; Alexander, Scott C; Luhmann, Andrew J; Runkel, Anthony C; Peters, Andrew JSoutheastern Minnesota’s karst lands support numerous trout streams. These trout streams are formed by springs discharging from Paleozoic bedrock. Dye tracing has been the tool of choice for mapping the springsheds (karst groundwater basins) that feed these springs. Previous work was focused on the Galena limestone karst. In order to accelerate springshed mapping, a two-year study was funded by the Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund as recommended by the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR). Across southeastern Minnesota, numerous springs discharge from the Cambrian St. Lawrence formation. The St. Lawrence is considered to be a confining unit under the Minnesota well code. A dye trace was initiated when a stream sink was discovered in the upper St. Lawrence Formation. The sampling points included springs, stream crossings, and a municipal well that may be at risk for surface contamination. Dye was recovered at one spring in less than two weeks and at two other springs in less than three weeks. This translates into travel times of 200-300 meters/day. The springs all discharge from the lower St. Lawrence Formation. The St. Lawrence contains beds of dolostone; the dye trace demonstrates that there is a karst conduit flow component in this formation. This is evidence that these springs are significantly more susceptible to degradation than previously thought.Item Altura Minnesota lagoon collapses(Proceedings of the First Multidisciplinary Conference on Sinkholes. Orlando, Florida 15-17 October 1984. "Sinkholes: Their Geology, Engineering and Environmental Impact. Edited by Barry F. Beck of the Florida Sinkhole Research Institute, University of Central Florida, Orlando. Page 311 - 318. Taylor & Francis, London, UK. Offprint, 1984-10-17) Book, Paul R; Alexander Jr., E. CalvinIn April 1976, a series of karst sinkholes opened in the holding lagoon of the Altura, Minnesota Waste Treatment Facility. This major failure was preceded by minor sinkhole formation during the construction of the facility in 1974. Subsequent detailed field mapping of the region around the community revealed at least 23 sinkholes not shown on existing maps. The distribution of the sinkholes as well as post-failure investigations of the lagoon indicate that catastrophic collapse is related to the presence of a thin, poorly indurated, jointed sandstone overlying a thick carbonate unit. The sandstone served to collect solutionally aggressive vadose water and to concentrate that water onto specific areas of the underlying carbonate. The resulting differential solution produced voids into which the overlying materials collapsed.Item Altura, MN Waste Treatment Lagoon Failures: A Hydrogeologic Study(1984-02) Book, Paul R; Alexander Jr., E. CalvinIn April 1976, a series of karat sinkholes opened in the holding lagoon of the Altura MN Waste Treatment Facility. Subsequent detailed field mapping of the region around the community revealed at least 22 sinkholes not shown on existing maps. The distribution of the sinkholes as well as post-failure investigations of the lagoon indicate that catastrophic collapse is related to the presence of a thin, poorly indurated, jointed sandstone overlying a thick carbonate unit. The sandstone served to collect solutionally aggressive vadose water and to concentrate that water onto specific areas of the underlying carbonate. The resulting differential solution produced voids into which the overlying materials collapsed. The disabled facility has been diverting partially treated effluent into a nearby dry run since the lagoon collapsed. A dye trace documented that the effluent after sinking underground reemerges from three local springs and then flows into a river which is a regional trout fishery. However, a second dye trace from the sinkhole in the lagoon failed to establish a connection to any local well or spring.Item August 1982 Root River Dye Trace(Journal of Freshwater, 1982) Alexander Jr., E CalvinItem Bear Spring, Olmsted County, Minnesota; April 2018 Dye Trace and 2016-2018 Spring Monitoring Report(2019-01-29) Barry, John D; Larsen, Martin R; Tipping, Robert G; Alexander, Scott C; Alexander Jr, E CalvinItem C-35, Geologic Atlas of Meeker County, Minnesota [Part A](Minnesota Geological Survey, 2015) Meyer, Gary N.A County Geologic Atlas project is a study of a county's geology, and its mineral and ground-water resources. The information collected during the project is used to develop maps, data-base files, and reports. This same information is also produced as digital files for use with computers. The map information is formatted as geographic information system (GIS) files with associated data bases. The maps and reports are also reproduced as portable document files (PDFs) that can be opened on virtually any computer using the free Acrobat Reader from Adobe.com.Item C-38, Geologic Atlas of Kanabec County, Minnesota(Minnesota Geological Survey, 2016) Boerboom, Terrence J.Surface and bedrock geology of Kanabec County, Mn., also includes data-base information, bedrock topography, depth to bedrock in GIS and image formats, as well subsurface interpretations of sand distribution between the land and bedrock surfaces.Item C-49, Geologic Atlas of Olmsted County, Minnesota(Minnesota Geological Survey, 2020) Steenberg, Julia R; Pettus, Margeurite C; Marshall, Katherine J; McDonald, Jennifer M; Hamilton, Jacqueline D; Chandler, V.W.A County Geologic Atlas project is a study of a county's geology, and its mineral and ground-water resources. The information collected during the project is used to develop maps, data-base files, and reports. This same information is also produced as digital files for use with computers. The map information is formatted as geographic information system (GIS) files with associated data bases. The maps and reports are also reproduced as portable document files (PDFs) that can be opened on virtually any computer using the free Acrobat Reader from Adobe.com.Item C-50, Geologic Atlas of Dodge County, Minnesota(Minnesota Geological Survey, 2019) Steenberg, Julia, RA County Geologic Atlas project is a study of a county's geology, and its mineral and ground-water resources. The information collected during the project is used to develop maps, data-base files, and reports. This same information is also produced as digital files for use with computers. The map information is formatted as geographic information system (GIS) files with associated data bases. The maps and reports are also reproduced as portable document files (PDFs) that can be opened on virtually any computer using the free Acrobat Reader from Adobe.com.Item C-52, Geologic Atlas of Aitkin County, Minnesota(Minnesota Geological Survey, 2022) Bauer, Emily J; Chandler, V.W.; Boerboom, Terrence J; Knaeble, Alan R; Nguyen, Maurice K; Lively, R. S.; Setterholm, Dale R; Steenberg, Julia RA County Geologic Atlas project is a study of a county's geology, and its mineral and ground-water resources. The information collected during the project is used to develop maps, data-base files, and reports. This same information is also produced as digital files for use with computers. The map information is formatted as geographic information system (GIS) files with associated data bases. The maps and reports are also reproduced as portable document files (PDFs) that can be opened on virtually any computer using the free Acrobat Reader from Adobe.com.Item C-53, Geologic Atlas of Steele County, Minnesota(Minnesota Geological Survey, 2022) Retzler, Andrew; Mayer, Jordan; Bradley, Margeurite; Nguyen, Maurice; Marshall, Katherine; Conrad, Daniel; Lively, R. S.A County Geologic Atlas project is a study of a county's geology, and its mineral and ground-water resources. The information collected during the project is used to develop maps, data-base files, and reports. This same information is also produced as digital files for use with computers. The map information is formatted as geographic information system (GIS) files with associated data bases. The maps and reports are also reproduced as portable document files (PDFs) that can be opened on virtually any computer using the free Acrobat Reader from Adobe.com.Item C-54, Geologic Atlas of Lake County, Minnesota(Minnesota Geological Survey, 2022) Bauer, Emily J; Jirsa, Mark A; Block, Amy R; Boerboom, Terrence J; Chandler, V.W.; Peterson, Dean M; Wagner, Kaleb G; McDonald, Jennifer M; Dengler, Elizabeth L; Meyer, Gary N; Hamilton, Jacqueline DA County Geologic Atlas project is a study of a county's geology, and its mineral and ground-water resources. The information collected during the project is used to develop maps, data-base files, and reports. This same information is also produced as digital files for use with computers. The map information is formatted as geographic information system (GIS) files with associated data bases. The maps and reports are also reproduced as portable document files (PDFs) that can be opened on virtually any computer using the free Acrobat Reader from Adobe.com.Item C-55, Geologic Atlas of Otter Tail County, Minnesota(Minnesota Geological Survey, 2023) Bauer, Emily J; Cicha, Jarrod; Radakovich Block, Amy; Jirsa, Mark A; Hirsch, Aaron C; Meyer, Gary N; Scott, Shawn B; Lively, R. S.A County Geologic Atlas project is a study of a county's geology, and its mineral and ground-water resources. The information collected during the project is used to develop maps, data-base files, and reports. This same information is also produced as digital files for use with computers. The map information is formatted as geographic information system (GIS) files with associated data bases. The maps and reports are also reproduced as portable document files (PDFs) that can be opened on virtually any computer using the free Acrobat Reader from Adobe.com.Item C-57, Geologic Atlas of Dakota County, Minnesota(Minnesota Geological Survey, 2023) Steenberg, Julia R.; Gowan, Angela S.; Staley, Amie E.; Bauer, Emily J.; Francis, Sarah W.; Chandler, V.W.A County Geologic Atlas project is a study of a county's geology, and its mineral and ground-water resources. The information collected during the project is used to develop maps, data-base files, and reports. This same information is also produced as digital files for use with computers. The map information is formatted as geographic information system (GIS) files with associated data bases. The maps and reports are also reproduced as portable document files (PDFs) that can be opened on virtually any computer using the free Acrobat Reader from Adobe.com.Item C-58, Geologic Atlas of Lincoln County, Minnesota(Minnesota Geological Survey, 2023) Mayer, Jordan A; Bradley, Margeurite C; Retzler, Andrew J; Severson, Allison R; Jirsa, Mark A; Chandler, V.W.; Conrad, Daniel R; Gowan, Angela S; Block, Amy Radakovich; Hamilton, Jacqueline DA County Geologic Atlas project is a study of a county's geology, and its mineral and ground-water resources. The information collected during the project is used to develop maps, data-base files, and reports. This same information is also produced as digital files for use with computers. The map information is formatted as geographic information system (GIS) files with associated data bases. The maps and reports are also reproduced as portable document files (PDFs) that can be opened on virtually any computer using the free Acrobat Reader from Adobe.com.Item Canton Area Dye Tracing- Canton Stormwater Estavelle and Highway Runoff Receptor Sinkholes, Fillmore County, MN(2020-06) Green, Jeffrey A.; Alexander, E. Calvin Jr.; Alexander, Scott C.; Barry, John D.Item Carbon-14 Age Dating Calculations for Minnesota Groundwaters(2018) Alexander, Scott C; Alexander, E Calvin Jr.Groundwater dating techniques can be applied to flow systems with time scales from hours to tens of millennia. For the purposes of this report age and residence time are used interchangeably. For waters with ages ranging up to about 30,000 to 40,000 years carbon-14 (14C), or radiocarbon dating, can be a useful technique (Han et al., 2012). Han and Plummer (2013, 2016) reviewed 14C groundwater dating models. In particular, converting a measured 14C activity to an “age” is complicated by exchange of carbon in surficial, soil, and groundwater environments. Groundwater age is, however, not defined by simple piston flow past an arbitrary point like a well. Mixing occurs at several scales from advection and dispersion along a single flow path, to mixing of multiple flow paths, to mixing within a borehole intersecting multiple aquifers. In practice all groundwaters are a mixture of waters with varying subsurface residence times (Bethke and Johnson, 2008; Cartwright et al., 2017). Efforts to reconcile complex geochemistry and flow paths with geochemical models and calculations have been made by many; classic efforts include Deines et al. (1974), Wigley et al. (1978), Plummer et al. (1990), ranging to work by Coetsiers and Walraevens (2009). This document outlines field and analytical techniques we have used to acquire the carbon isotopic data from nearly 700 wells in Minnesota. Determinations of the ages or residence times of Minnesota groundwaters are widely used in scientific and management studies all around Minnesota (Alexander and Alexander, 1989). In a typical county atlas about 100 wells are measured for groundwater chemistry, stable isotopes of hydrogen (H) and oxygen (O), and tritium content. A selection of about ten water wells with no measurable tritium are then resampled for the radioactive isotope carbon-14 (14C) and the stable isotopes carbon-13 (13C) and carbon-12 (12C). Three major groups of studies have been conducted in Minnesota. Many original analyses were done as part of research on groundwater age in the Mt. Simon aquifer and were extended with a radium study (Lively et al., 1992) with funding in large part by Legislative Committee on Minnesota Resources (LCMR). At this same time a variety of small-scale studies were conducted in a variety of geologic settings across Minnesota. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) oversaw several projects to define “flow tubes” in selected aquifers across Minnesota (Delin, 1990; Smith and Nemetz, 1996) also with LCMR funding. The Minnesota Department of Natural Resources (DNR) as part of the County Atlas Program and Mt. Simon recharge studies (Berg and Pearson, 2012) has conducted 14C age dating with significant support from the Minnesota Environment and Natural Resources Trust Fund as recommended by the Legislative-Citizen Commission on Minnesota Resources (LCCMR) with additional funding from the Clean Water Fund.