Browsing by Subject "flow"

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    Enhancement and Application of the Minnesota Dry Swale Calculator
    (Center for Transportation Studies, University of Minnesota, 2016-04) Garcia-Serrana, Maria; Gulliver, John S.; Nieber, John L.
    Roadside drainage ditches (roadside grassed swales) typically receive runoff directly from the road and water is infiltrated over the side slope of the ditch, similar to a filter strip. Water that runs off the side slopes then has a further opportunity to infiltrate as it flows down the center of the ditch. This research focuses on the volume reduction performance of grassed drainage ditches or swales by infiltration. A total of 32 tests were performed during three seasons in four different highways maintained by MnDOT in the Twin Cities metro area. The field-measured saturated hydraulic conductivities (Ksat) correspond to hydrologic soil group A, even though the soil textures indicated correspondence to hydrologic soils groups A, B and C. This means that the infiltration performance is better than expected for these types of soils. In addition, the trend was to have more infiltration when the saturated hydraulic conductivity was higher and for a greater side slope length, as expected. A coupled overland flow-infiltration model that accounts for shallow concentrated flow has been developed. The predicted infiltration loss has been compared with the actual infiltration loss determined from the monitored field tests. In this manner, the validity of the model as well as the associated soil hydraulic and surface geometry parameters have been evaluated. Using the coupled infiltration-overland flow model, multiple scenarios with sensitivity analyses have been computed, and the results have been used to generate a simplified calculator to estimate the annual infiltration performance of a grassed roadside drainage ditch.
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    Improve the manufacturability and dissolution performance of drugs through spherical crystallization
    (2020-07) Chen, Hongbo
    Spherical crystallization, a particle engineering technique, has been commonly used to modify the size and shape of particles to enhance the micromeritics properties of a powder and facilitate tablet formulation development. By identifying the key factors affecting the generation of spherical agglomerates and the underlying mechanism, spherical agglomerates with optimal size, shape and density can be obtained, presenting excellent flowability, tabletability and dissolution. The goals of this thesis work include: (i) prepare and evaluate the properties of the spherical agglomerates of drugs using the two main methods including spherical agglomeration (SA) and quasi-emulsion solvent diffusion (QESD) , (ii) explore high drug loading direct compression tablet formulations enabled by the spherical crystallization technique, (iii) develop a spherical cocrystallization technique to simultaneously improve the manufacturability and dissolution of drugs, and (iv) reduce the punch sticking propensity via a polymer assisted QESD method. To successfully prepare the spherical agglomerates, it is crucial to select a solvent system-based phase diagram. Spherical agglomerates of a model API, ferulic acid (FA), via a QESD process presented exceptional flowability and tabletability. Such spherical FA crystals enabled the development of a direct compression tablet formulation containing 99% of the API. Spherical griseofulvin agglomerates prepared by a SA process, exhibited not only good flowability but also excellent tabletability. The unexpected profoundly improved tabletability was attributed to a micro porous structure of primary crystals, due to an in-situ solvation and desolvation during the SA process, which enhanced the plasticity of the agglomerates. For low water-soluble drugs, spherical crystallization of more soluble cocrystals, i.e., spherical cocrystallization, is an enabling technology to simultaneously improve the manufacturability and dissolution and enable the development of high drug loading tablet formulation. Moreover, spherical agglomerates of celecoxib obtained via a polymer assisted QESD process not only showed substantially improved tabletability and flowability but also significantly reduced punch-sticking propensity. A thin layer of polymer coating onto the agglomerates surface, confirmed by SEM and XPS analysis, explains the reduced punch sticking propensity due to the physical barrier of polymer between the drug and punch.