Browsing by Subject "fidelity"
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Item An examination of fidelity of two parent-implemented vocabulary interventions for young learners with autism spectrum disorder(2016-08) Parker-McGowan, QuannahThe current study examined fidelity over time of two parent-implemented interventions designed to teach novel vocabulary items to three young children (3;3-5;11) with autism spectrum disorder. Additional dependent variables included: (a) rate of vocabulary item acquisition; (b) learner generalization; and (c) learner maintenance. One intervention required the parent to initiate teaching opportunities while the other intervention relied on the child to initiate teaching opportunities. Both interventions utilized mand, model, and time delay strategies within two different structured play scenarios. Three novel vocabulary items were taught within each of the two play scenarios. One replication was conducted for each parent-child dyad. Visual analysis of the data was conducted within participants. Results showed that all parents exhibited a degrading trend in intervention fidelity across experimental conditions. All participants acquired all vocabulary items across sets, though rate of acquisition differed between conditions. Results from generalization probes using storybooks were mixed. Two participants showed modest generalization across materials while one participant did not demonstrate generalization of vocabulary within a different medium. Maintenance probe results were also mixed, however, all participants showed a decreasing trend across vocabulary items. Implications for practice and research are discussed, as are study limitations.Item Image-Based Relighting of 3D Objects from Flash Photographs(2019-05) Tetzlaff, MichaelPhotography is a remarkable technology that allows us to capture and reproduce the appearance of the real world. Although photographs are two-dimensional and static, their capabilities have been extended into higher dimensions through the development of techniques like photogrammetry, image-based rendering, and image-based relighting. Such prior work, however, has struggled to support dynamic illumination of the subject while still representing specular reflections accurately, especially for subjects that exhibit heterogeneity in their appearance. The most successful results in this direction usually require thousands of images. This dissertation introduces a new paradigm for image-based relighting of 3D objects that requires no more than a few hundred flash photographs. The flash lighting configuration is conveniently found on most commodity cameras. After being processed using traditional photogrammetry, the flash images serve as a collection of virtual light sources in a relighting system, through the power of Cook-Torrance microfacet theory. This approach produces new images of 3D objects that effectively retain the photographic accuracy of the subject's color appearance from the original flash photos. The same flash images can also be used to estimate reflectance parameters that improve the accuracy of the relighting technique. This rendering method can even be used to emulate lighting conditions -- both outdoor and indoor -- that are very different than flash. This work proceeds to show how the intensities of point light sources derived from the collection of flash images can be chosen to effectively emulate the intended environment. Although similar results have been previously achieved using thousands of images, the method shown here can be effective with a few hundred images or less. However, this reduction is not without limitation; a shinier object requires more photographs to avoid discontinuity between the intended environment and its reflection. To address this one limitation, this work ultimately develops a fidelity metric for assessing whether reflections of individual light sources are likely to be discernible when the object is relit. This metric is a heuristic solution which estimates the magnitude of this issue by quantifying the degree of overlap in specular reflections between similar images in the dataset. It is believed to be the first work which assesses the fidelity of how highlights are depicted when an object is relit using a limited number of views. This solution is shown to be generally effective and serves as a foundation which can be built upon by future metrics.Item Training Educators to Implement Mindfulness-Based Interventions: Evaluating the Effects of In-Service and Coaching on Intervention Fidelity(2018-07) Potter, LauraSchool-based interventions that utilize mindfulness and yoga exercises to build students’ self-regulation skills have become increasingly popular, both in practice and in published literature. Yet little information has been gathered about how to effectively train educators to deliver these interventions with fidelity. The present paper aimed to advance the research on school-based mindfulness interventions by examining the extent to which educators were able to deliver a specific intervention, Yoga Calm, with fidelity following a series of in-service trainings and follow-up coaching. Study 1 examined intervention fidelity outcomes for fifteen educators following a series of in-service trainings, finding that a majority of educators were able to deliver the intervention with high levels of adherence to the intervention’s core components. Study 2 used a multiple-baseline design to examine fidelity outcomes for four educators at baseline and following the introduction of side-by-side coaching supports. The data demonstrated four replications of an effect when comparing baseline to treatment, indicating a functional relation between participation in side-by-side coaching and adherence to Yoga Calm’s core components. Both studies also used quantitative and qualitative analysis to identify potential moderators of intervention fidelity, with results highlighting the importance of factors related to educator buy-in, educator self-efficacy, program delivery factors (e.g., scheduling barriers), and accountability. The implications of these findings for educator training and practice, suggestions for future research, and the limitations of this study are also discussed.