Browsing by Subject "feasibility"

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    In-Review: Perspectives of Front-Line Clinicians and Remote Reviewers on Smartphone-Based Photography for Assessing Traumatic Dental Injuries: A Qualitative Study
    (Preprint, 2025) Schultz, Emily C.; Huang, Boyen; Shenouda, Margaret; Estai, Mohamed; Ranjitkar, Sarbin; Louie, Jeffrey P.; Pungchanchaikul, Patimaporn
    Background: Mobile health (mHealth) is increasingly utilized in teledentistry for telediagnosis and other services, yet the perceptions of front-line and end-line users regarding these technologies in dentistry remained unexplored. Objective: This study examined the acceptability, feasibility, and usability of an mHealth model for telediagnosis from the perspectives of front-line and end-line users. Methods: A qualitative design using focus group interviews was employed. Participants (N=15) included front-line clinicians who captured dental photos via a smartphone app and remote reviewers who assessed the photos through an mHealth platform. Transcriptions of the audio-recorded interviews were analyzed thematically using consensus coding. Results: Thematic analysis identified nine key themes: feasibility and perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, compatibility, self-image and social influences, self-efficacy, voluntariness and behavior intention, anxiety, facilitating conditions, and attitudes toward a behavior. Participants considered smartphone-based photography acceptable, feasible, and usable for remote dental assessment. Facilitators and barriers to implementing the mHealth model were highlighted, and recommendations for improvements were proposed. Conclusion: Cyclical education and professional development are essential to boosting user self-efficacy and technology usability. Addressing resistance from patients and clinicians through targeted education, effective communication, and operational enhancements can facilitate adoption. Suggested improvements include incorporating camera grids, integrating with patient management systems, and streamlining login processes. This study highlights the significant potential of mHealth in the initial assessment of emergency cases and patient screening, particularly benefiting underserved populations and fostering interprofessional collaboration in emergency departments. Future research should explore broader clinical applications, including other oral health conditions.
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    Time and Motion Study of Influenza Diagnostic Testing in a Community Pharmacy
    (University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, 2014) Klepser, Donald; Dering-Anderson, Allison; Morse, Jacqueline; Klepser, Michael; Klepser, Stephanie; Corn, Carolyn
    Background: It has been shown that use of rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs) is able to reduce costs and improve the prescribing practice of antivirals (i.e. oseltamivir) among patients with influenza-like illnesses (ILIs). Using existing Clinical Laboratory Improvement Amendment (CLIA)-waived RDTs and collaborative practice agreements, similar to those used to allow pharmacists to administer vaccines, it is possible for patients to seek point-of-care treatment for influenza or flu-like symptoms at a local pharmacy. Following a review of the patient’s symptoms by a trained pharmacist, the qualified patient is offered an RDT to determine if the influenza virus is the cause of the symptoms. Based on the results of the RDT, the patient is provided with the appropriate treatment as defined by an approved practice agreement. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of incorporating an RDT for influenza into community pharmacy practice. Methods: This time and motion study was conducted at three community pharmacy locations, and a total of eight simulated patient visits were completed utilizing a standardized patient. In addition to determining a total time of the encounter, each simulation was divided into nine timed sub-categories. For data analysis, the time spent in each of the nine sub-categories was assigned to the pharmacist, pharmacy technician, or patient. Time and motion methodologies were used to estimate the total time required to provide the RDT service, to determine the amount of active time required of the pharmacist and pharmacy technician, and to evaluate the ability of the staff to provide the service within its existing workflow. Results: The average total time to complete the entire patient encounter for an influenza assessment utilizing an RDT was 35.5 minutes (± 3.1 minutes). On average, the pharmacist spent 9.4 minutes (± 3 minutes) per encounter or about 26.5% of the entire encounter. When the pharmacy technician collected the vital signs, the pharmacist-required time was reduced to 4.95 minutes (± 2.7 minutes), which was about a 48% reduction. Conclusions: The results indicate that an RDT program for influenza assessment required no more than a modest amount of pharmacist time and could be successfully incorporated into regular workflow with little to no disruption of other activities. As such, this approach to influenza management may be a feasible service for community pharmacies to offer patients. This was especially true if the pharmacy had well-trained technicians on staff that could support the service with collection of patient histories and vital signs.