Browsing by Subject "ethics"
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Item Book Review: Ethical Questions in Name Authority Control(Library Resources & Technical Services, 2019) Traill, StacieReview of Ethical Questions in Name Authority Control, edited by Jane Sandberg (Sacramento, CA: Library Juice Press, 2019), published in Library Resources & Technical Services.Item Certificates of Confidentiality: Protecting Human Subject Research Data in Law and Practice(2013-02-12) Wolf, Leslie E.; Patel, Mayank J.; Williams, Brett A.; Austin, Jeffrey L.; Lauren A., DameResearchers often require and collect sensitive information about individuals to answer important scientific questions that impact individual health and well-being and the public health. Researchers recognize they have a duty to maintain the confidentiality of the data they collect and typically make promises, which are documented in the consent form. The legal interests of others, however, can threaten researchers’ promises of confidentiality, if they seek access to the data through subpoena. Certificates of Confidentiality (Certificates), authorized by federal statute, are an important tool for protecting individually identifiable sensitive research data from compelled disclosure. However, questions persist in the research community about the strength of Certificate protections, and the evidence on which to judge the strength is scant. In this article, we address those questions through a careful examination of the legislation and regulations concerning Certificates and the reported and unreported cases we have identified through our legal research and interviews with legal counsel about their experiences with Certificates. We also analyze other statutes that protect research data to compare them to the Certificate’s protections, and we review other legal strategies available for protecting research data. Based on our analysis, we conclude with recommendations for how to strengthen protection of sensitive research data.Item Empathy at the Intersection(2015-09) Rodriguez, TanyaOne of the ways that art contributes to society is by preventing anesthesia of the heart. The aesthetic experience characteristically makes us more alive, vibrant, and open to possibilities. Aesthetic experience need not be limited to the “fine arts,” of course. In this project, I consider a broad variety of media, including jokes, modernist poetry, Greek tragedy, literature, film, and conversation. What these forms of aesthetic communication have in common is their ability to tell stories. I will argue certain features of narrative that (typically set aside as ethical considerations) have aesthetic relevance insofar as they affect our engagement with the story. I do not intend to minimize the differences between racist jokes and Anna Karenina nor blur the distinction mundane conversation and the poetry of Robert Frost. I invite the reader to indulge my choice of examples, as I am mainly interested in a particular aspect these art forms share—narrative structure and aesthetic affect. My terminology (empathy/sympathy/etc) is not constructed as an end, but only as a means; insofar as they clarify these shared aspects for my defense of ethicism. There are three ways one might understand ethicism with respect to jokes: 1. Moral defects detract from aesthetic value (humor). 2. Aesthetic defects have moral impact. 3. Certain moral defects have a structure that is aesthetically flawed. Although, I do not disagree with the first two claims, it is my intent to argue for the third claim.Item The Experience of Moral Distress in Veterinary Professionals Working in Laboratory Animal Medicine(2018-12) Reynolds, NicoleIntroduction: This paper will discuss the experience of moral distress in veterinary professionals who work in the field of laboratory animal medicine (LAM). Specifically, do these veterinarians and veterinary technicians experience moral distress, what are the situations which lead to their moral distress and how do they manage this experience. Although ethical issues are prevalent within the veterinary profession, to date there are few peer review articles found to contain the words ‘moral distress’ in veterinary students and practitioners. There is little published research on whether or not moral distress is experienced among veterinary professionals who work in laboratory animal medicine. Methods: This research used a qualitative design consisting of semi-structured interviews with eight veterinarians and four veterinary technicians either in-person or via phone. Participants were recruited from a professional listserv or referred to investigator by colleagues. Open ended questions were asked about professional practices that participants experienced as ethically challenging. The interviews were transcribed and the themes identified by the student and advisor. Results: Depending on the audiences’ familiarity with professionals within LAM, it may or may not be surprising to find that the use of animals in research did not appear to factor into the experience of moral distress in this group of professionals. In addition, none of the four technicians described ethically challenging situations that were interpreted as moral distress. However, the veterinary technicians did describe the emotional work that was involved in caring for their patients, and the impact it had on them personally and professionally. There were several themes that were identified in the interviews and experiences that were consistent with the definition of moral distress. In veterinarians who experienced moral distress, the conditions that were found to contribute to moral distress were the negative valence of trust, an imbalance between responsibility and ability to act according to this responsibility, and what type of ethical climate was present. Of the veterinarians who did not describe experiences consistent with the definition of moral distress, they did describe reasons that prevented escalation into moral distress such as a strong supportive community and the ability to speak openly and honestly about their experiences with researchers, upper management, and administration, an ability to balance professional responsibilities with actions that aligned with their duties towards the animals, and trust in peers and the scientific process. The results of this research provide some empirical evidence that veterinarians in the laboratory animal profession experience moral distress. Recognizing moral distress in the veterinary profession and collaborating with other researchers who study moral distress will ideally lead to education and training to mitigate the negative sequelae that have been identified in professional communities where moral distress occurs.Item Facilitation Resources: Volume 7. Utilizing Diversity, Power, and Ethics(St. Paul, MN: University of Minnesota Extension Service, 1999) Anderson, Marian; Anderson, Sharon Roe; Laeger-Hagemeister, Mary; Scheffert, Donna Rae; Steinberg, RogerFacilitation Resources Volume 7 of 8. The goal of this volume is to help facilitators become more sensitive to differences within the groups they work with and to help the group respect differences.Item The Importance of a Potential Employer’s Stance Regarding Corporate Social Responsibility on Undergraduate Students’ Decisions Regarding Full-time Employment(2018-07) Park, RandolphMany assumptions have been made in the popular media about the Millennial generation (those born after 1982), including a sweeping generalization that as a group they embrace, to a greater extent than the previous generations (“Baby Boomers” born between 1946-1964 and “Generation X” born between 1965-1981), a desire to link their career paths with both doing “well,” i.e. financial success, with doing “good,” i.e. having their work contribute to positive social and environmental outcomes. This mixed-methods study used both surveys and interviews of undergraduate business students at a large research university in the Midwest to explore these Millennials’ views of corporate social responsibility in several areas, and seeks to answer the following research question: What is the relative importance of a corporation's stance on corporate social responsibility (CSR) in the decisions undergraduate business students make about internships and employment following graduation? The setting for this research was a top-20 ranked undergraduate business degree program in a major Midwestern land-grant university. At the time of this research, all student research participants were either currently enrolled in or had completed a required first-year business ethics course which covered in depth the concepts of both business ethics and corporate social responsibility. Using Spence’s “signaling theory” as a theoretical framework, the research attempted to first assess the impact of the required business ethics course on the students enrolled in the course, and second to assess the impact on signals employers sent to students as potential future employees during the recruiting and internship processes leading toward decisions about full-time employment upon graduation. Sources of other signals about corporate social responsibility that emerged from this research were academic and co-curricular experiences. In the quantitative study, 145 students currently enrolled in the required first-year business ethics course completed three surveys at the beginning, middle and end of the semester. Results of repeated measures t-tests showed statistically significant changes in the mean scale scores over time for all students for each administration of the survey, indicating stronger agreement with the items relating to the importance of elements of a company’s corporate social responsibility initiatives. Independent samples t-tests also measured the differences between males and females, and one-way analyses of variance measured the differences between different sections of the course and between students who had indicated intended academic major. In the first qualitative study, 20 students who were sophomores and juniors who had completed an internship but who had not yet accepted an offer of employment after graduation were asked to answer brief demographic questions and then were asked seven open-ended interview questions. Themes which emerged from these answers indicated that the students had a wide variation in their perspectives on corporate social responsibility with regard to their future employment decisions, and described “signals” received from employers, course work (including study abroad), and co-curricular activities. In the second qualitative study, 20 students who were seniors who had accepted an offer for employment after graduation were asked to answer brief demographic questions and then were asked seven open-ended interview questions. Themes which emerged from these answers indicated that the students also had a wide variation in their perspectives on corporate social responsibility with regard to the decisions they had made about offers for full-time employment upon graduation, and these students also described “signals” received from employers, course work (including study abroad), and co-curricular activities. The results of the study showed that students have a variety of opinions and perspectives on corporate social responsibility, and that one cannot assume that these students, as members of the Millennial generation, respond in a predictable or consistent way to the same signals. The implications in these findings should be helpful for those who teach, recruit, advise or study college students and their decisions about corporate social responsibility and career decisions.Item Intelligence Ethics: The Definitive Work of 2007(Center for the Study of Intelligence and Wisdom, 2007) Andregg, Michael M.Item Is it all grist for the mill?: Supervisor experiences with supervisee personal self-disclosure in supervision(2014-08) Koivula, AngelaClinical supervision goals include encouraging supervisee professional development and safeguarding the client welfare. These goals are partially met by supervisee disclosure of personal and professional content to their respective supervisors. Feelings of shame and fear of poor supervisory evaluations, however, have been reported to be contributing factors to supervisees choosing to actively refrain from disclosing information to their supervisors. In response to reports of non-disclosure, the present study investigated how supervisors approach supervisee personal disclosures in supervision including their opinions of what constitutes appropriate disclosure, factors contributing to their views of appropriateness, and how they respond to supervisee personal self-disclosures. Experienced supervisors were invited to participate through email invitations distributed via training directors of local training sites as well as through list-serv postings to professional clinical practice online forums. Nine participants who met inclusion criteria were invited to participate in an individual semi-structured interview lasting approximately 45-minutes to 1-hour. The interview protocol investigated five research questions focusing on: definitions of personal self-disclosures, supervisor classifications of the appropriateness of different examples of supervisee personal self-disclosure, factors influencing their categorizations, actions supervisors take or opt out of taking towards such disclosures, and their recommendations for managing personal self-disclosures. Consensual qualitative research methodology was used to analyze interview data and draw conclusions (CQR; Hill, 2012). Results revealed participants as a whole struggled to separate purely personal disclosures from professional, clinical references. Also, most supervisee personal disclosures were regarded as generally appropriate. Discussion of supervisor expectations concerning personal disclosures in supervision primarily occurred indirectly either through supervisor modeling of self-disclosure or by discussing personal disclosures as they occurred. The results of this study support the need for supervisors to articulate their expectations regarding personal self-disclosure and for further research to clarify various types of supervisee self-reference.Item “Kids These Days”… May Know More About Copyright Than You(Association of College and Research Libraries, 2019-10) Sims, Nancy A.This chapter explores some of the different moral and ethical considerations people bring to issues of copyright, other intellectual property, authorship, ownership, citation, and attribution - and uses that exploration to suggest strategies for sharing information about copyright law that recognize the various interests of different creator and user communities.Item Negotiating Responsibility: Ethics of Choice and Care in Postsocialist Oncology Wards in Serbia(2023-04) Milic Kolarevic, MilicaThis dissertation problematizes the, often taken for granted, assumptions about individual agency in the realms of the body, disease and medicine. I show that ethics of care, as framed in contemporary Serbian postsocialist context, serves as a unique example of simultaneously coexisting ideas about the assumed neoliberal agency and imagined socialist obedience as both equally necessary for navigating the complex landscape of rapidly privatizing health care in Serbia. To this end, I elaborate concrete interactions occurring in Serbian oncology clinics in order to illuminate the intersections among state and global politics; politicaland legal transformations; and the formal and informal strategies patients and doctors employ on behalf of personal and collective interests. Here, there is a commitment to a complex understanding of ethics of care as people work to navigate the transition from socialism that embodies longstanding ideas about state and citizenship, marked by tropes of, respectively, patronship and obedience to an imagined neoliberal capitalist future articulated in terms of individual responsibility and agency. Finally, I show that the storytelling practice of using nostalgia and resignation as a backdrop for describing hope and hopelessness, marks one of the fundamental tools used to embody “Serbianness” - the skill of melancholic letting go and grieving the lost, both past and future, opportunities.