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Browsing by Subject "eating behavior"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Problematic eating behaviors are more prevalent in low-income African American women with obesity/overweight than low-income African American women who are lean or normal weight and the accuracy of self-report versus actual heights and weights among a low-income ethnically diverse sample
    (2018-08) Opichka, Katelyn
    Much research has focused on exploring the prevalence, repercussions, and possible causes linked to obesity including certain eating behaviors that could lead to an increased weight. Few qualitative studies have looked at how certain eating behaviors can lead to obesity in the light of neuronal control of intake. Also, many research and clinical settings use self-report height and weight to determine the prevalence of obesity of morbidity of the patient. However, self-report height and weight is not always an accurate measure and therefore could lead to underestimation of obesity and patients not acknowledging the dangers of obesity. Therefore, the objectives of this project was 1) to compare problematic eating behaviors between African American women who were lean or normal weight and women who were overweight or obese and 2) to determine the accuracy of self-report height and weight in an ethnically and age diverse sample of predominately low-income adults and children. Focus groups, the Palatable Eating Motives Scale (PEMS), and a taste test were used to compare problematic eating behaviors of low-income African American women. For the second part of this project, data from multiple previous studies were analyzed to compare self-reported heights and weights to actual heights and weights in a diverse sample that included both genders, all ages, and multiple races. Results from this study suggest problematic eating behaviors such as overeating, eating in the absence of hunger, and the loss of control over consumption are more abundant in women with obesity/overweight. This study also suggests self-reported height and weight vary from actual measurements for both children and adults and may lead to underestimation of obesity prevalence and a lack of acknowledgement of the comorbidities of obesity.
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    Treat Yourself or Promote Your Health: A Presentation and Examination of the Mechanisms Behind Health Behavior Spillover
    (2018-07) Panos, Mary
    Regular performance of multiple health behaviors additively benefits well-being (Loef & Walach, 2012). Little is known, however, about the psychological pathways by which the performance of one health behavior affects the subsequent performance of a second, different health behavior. A theoretical model was developed to examine six psychological constructs that might mediate this effect (i.e., self-efficacy, attitudes, identity strength, goal commitment, goal progress, and self-control resources) and was tested using exercise and eating behaviors. Study 1 tested whether a naturalistic exercise session led to changes in the psychological variables and whether these changes influenced a subsequent behavior – snack choice. There were substantial changes in all of the psychological variables from pre- to post-exercise, as predicted, but none affected snack choice. Study 2 investigated whether experimentally manipulating two categories of psychological pathways (i.e., those that were expected to facilitate healthy eating and those that were expected to lead to unhealthy eating) would influence the effect of exercise on eating behavior throughout the rest of the day. Although exercising did not directly affect eating behavior, it did indirectly affect three eating behavior outcomes, leading to increased fruit and vegetable consumption, decreased consumption of percentage of calories from sugar, and decreased indulgent food consumption. The effects of exercise on fruit and vegetable consumption were mediated by increases in self-efficacy, health goal commitment, and self-control resources. The effect of exercise on the percentage of calories consumed from sugar was mediated by increases in self-control resources. The effects of exercise on indulgent food consumption were mediated by increases in affective health attitudes and self-control resources, respectively. In sum, the model proposed and tested here consolidates six different areas of research into explanations for the mechanisms through which behavioral spillover between two health-promoting behaviors might occur.
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    Weight stigma: Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with disordered eating and weight-related health behaviors in an ethnically/racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of adolescents and young adults
    (2022-07) Hooper, Laura
    This dissertation used a health equity lens to examine whether experiencing weight teasing is associated with disordered eating behaviors (DEBs), health behaviors, and weight status in an ethnically/racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of youth. It also investigated whether positive family/parenting factors are protective for DEBs in youth who experience weight stigma. 1,534 Project EAT 2010-2018 participants were surveyed as adolescents (Mage=14.4 years) and eight years later. Participants were asked about weight-stigmatizing experiences (e.g., weight teasing). Outcomes included DEBs (e.g., unhealthy weight control behaviors, chronic dieting, binge eating), health behaviors (e.g., physical activity, sleep duration, nutrition habits), and weight status. Regression models were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and weight status. Interaction terms and stratified models assessed whether family/parenting factors buffered DEB risk in adolescents who experienced weight stigma. Experiencing weight teasing was significantly associated with higher prevalence of DEBs and high weight status, cross-sectionally during both adolescence and young adulthood, and longitudinally. Effects of weight teasing were similar across ethnic/racial and socioeconomic subgroups. Black Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) and youth from low socioeconomic backgrounds had higher prevalence of weight teasing, DEBs, and high weight, when compared to their respective counterparts. There was evidence that positive family/parenting factors operate as effect modifiers in cross-sectional relationships between weight stigma and DEBs, although these factors were primarily protective for adolescents who did not experience weight stigma. Findings provide evidence that weight teasing is a risk factor for DEBs and high weight status, and that BIPOC youth and youth from low socioeconomic backgrounds are disproportionately affected by weight teasing, DEBs, and high weight status, suggesting weight-stigmatizing experiences may create barriers to health, especially for youth who are already underserved. Positive family/parenting factors did not entirely offset the effects of weight stigma on DEBs, which may reflect the strength of weight stigma as a risk factor for DEBs. Published guidelines provide recommendations for how to decrease weight stigma experienced by youth. Future research should build upon these guidelines and include qualitative, solutions-oriented methods aimed at understanding how families, healthcare providers, and policymakers can decrease weight stigma and its effects on diverse populations of youth.