Browsing by Subject "developmental psychopathology"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Biological correlates of suicide attempt during adolescence and young adulthood: integration of findings across multi-modal measures.
    (2021) Mirza, Salahudeen; Klimes-Dougan, Bonnie
    The biological correlates of suicide attempt are poorly understood in young people. Here we undertook a narrative review of the literature across biological units of analysis (brain structure and function, serum biomarkers, molecular biology) to summarize the markers associated with suicide attempt in samples of average age under 24. We suggest overall patterns in emotion, cognitive control, and social support, which emerge from alterations at each level.
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    Intergenerational Continuity of Adverse Childhood Experiences in High-Risk Families
    (2015-08) Narayan, Angela
    Despite the wealth of research on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) in nationally representative samples and intergenerational maltreatment in high-risk families, no study has merged these concepts to examine the intergenerational continuity of ACEs in severely impoverished families. This study investigated intergenerational ACEs and the role of risk, promotive, and protective factors, including adulthood adversity, harsh versus effective parenting, and social support quality, in homeless parents and 4-6-year-old children. Parents (n = 107; M = 31.27 years, SD = 6.59, range = 20.01-49.47 years; 63.6% African-American, 12.1% Caucasian, 8.4% Biracial/Multiracial, and 15.9% other) completed the ACEs survey developed by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention; measures on adulthood adversity, child ACEs, and social support; and observational assessments of parenting. Path analyses revealed direct effects of parent ACEs to child ACEs and partial mediation of adulthood adversity, but not harsh parenting, for intergenerational continuity of ACEs. Rates of prospective ACEs continuity were approximately 80%. Parental social support was a promotive factor for lower child ACEs. Findings emphasize the role of negative early experiences in the intergenerational continuity of ACEs, above and beyond adversity in adulthood. Providing resources to high-risk parents with histories of ACEs and improving parental support from partners may be promising strategies to deter generational trauma.
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    Pathways from Child Maltreatment to Peer Functioning: Examining the Roles of Aggression, Withdrawal, and Prosocial Behavior
    (2015-05) Banny, Adrienne
    The goals of the present study were to (1.) examine maltreated children's functioning at multiple levels of the peer ecology; (2.) identify mechanisms underlying the link between child maltreatment and peer functioning; (3.) investigate gender-specific pathways to peer functioning; and (4.) explore the moderating role of prosocial behavior. Participants included 167 maltreated children and 173 demographically-matched nonmaltreated children ages 6-14 (M = 10.35, SD = 1.60) who attended a summer day camp research program designed for school-aged, low-income children. Counselor-, peer-, and self-reports of social behaviors and peer functioning were obtained. Path analysis showed that, among boys, maltreatment predicted low levels of prosocial behavior, which, in turn, increased risk for peer rejection, relational victimization, and physical victimization. In addition, physical aggression mediated the association between maltreatment and peer rejection among boys. For girls, maltreatment indirectly predicted relational victimization via deficient prosocial behavior. Finally, analysis of moderated mediation showed that maltreatment predicted elevated levels of physical aggression, which in turn, predicted low levels of relational victimization among maltreated boys who displayed high levels of prosocial behavior. Overall, findings suggest that maltreatment disrupts behavioral development, increasing risk for impaired peer functioning.
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    Understanding the Processes and the Consequences of Immigration
    (2014-05) Causadias, Jose
    In this dissertation, I examine the phenomenon of immigration and how intercultural contact affects both immigrants and natives through acculturation and enculturation processes. I center on three main sources of individual differences in the outcomes of acculturation and enculturation: a) ethnicity, b) genetic plasticity, and c) immigrant generation. To examine these three sources, I employed data from a sample of Asian (n = 1584) and Latino (n = 3525) adolescents from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health, who were assessed in four waves from ages 12-16 to ages 24-32. I found some group differences between Asians and Latinos, evidence of Gene-Culture correlations, and partial support for generational differences. These findings are discussed using a Cultural Development and Psychopathology framework (Causadias, 2013).