Browsing by Subject "coping"
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Item Children Receiving Services at a Community Child Advocacy Center: A Mixed-Method Examination of Early Maladaptive Schemas and Coping Responses(2022-05) Zheng, LindaSchemas are core emotional and cognitive themes regarding oneself and one’s environment. Early maladaptive schemas (EMS) are themes originating from childhood and are associated with unmet emotional needs and adverse experiences, such as those that occur in caregiver-child relationships. EMS are maintained throughout life by unhelpful coping responses. However, it is unclear when children develop EMS and how the relationship between EMS and coping responses presents in children. Objective: The present study examined: (1) the prevalence of EMS and coping responses in children who have experienced maltreatment, (2) the relationship between EMS and coping responses, (3) how qualitative data compare to previous theoretical structures found in quantitative studies, and (4) how personal factors (e.g., age, gender) and abuse factors (e.g., frequency, type) are related to EMS and coping responses. Participants: Data were collected in collaboration with a child advocacy center through forensic interviews in which a child reported primary and/or secondary abuse. Measures: EMS were assessed using the Dusseldorf Illustrated Schema Questionnaire for Children (excluding illustrations). Coping responses were assessed using the COPE Inventory. Information about individual and abuse factors were gathered from case reports. Procedure: Staff at the child advocacy center completed the measures based on information obtained during forensic interviews. Results: All EMS were present in this sample. Excessive responsibility/standards was positively associated with self-sufficient coping and negatively associated with avoidant coping. Children of color, older children, and children who experienced multiple forms of abuse also reported higher levels of disconnection/rejection. Children who reported multiple forms of abuse also reported higher levels of impaired autonomy/performance. Conclusion: Early interventions should address EMS and reinforce more helpful coping responses for children with such adverse experiences.Item Differences in Academic Burnout and Coping Styles Between Moroccan and American University Students(2022-11-15) McClintock, LinneaThe aim of this cross-cultural comparative study was to investigate the differences in academic burnout, coping styles, and learning-related achievement emotions between university students in Morocco (studying at the International University of Rabat) and in the United States (studying at the University of Minnesota Duluth). This study addressed three objectives: (1) to evaluate the different perceptions of academic burnout between both cultures, (2) to compare the coping strategies used by Moroccan and American students when responding to stress, and (3) to investigate differences in learning-related achievement emotions. Findings of this study revealed that UMD students reported higher levels of exhaustion in academic-related activities, UIR students had higher levels of hope and pride when learning academic material. Future research might examine how distinct cultural values and environments can have psychological impacts on university students’ academic experiences.Item Millennial women's use and perception of Pinterest(2016-08) Langefels, ErikaThe purpose of this study was to explore how single young adult women feel about Pinterest. The research took a qualitative phenomenological approach through semistructured, in-person interviews. Participants were selected through purposive sample method, fitting the criteria of: female, non-married, ages 25-35, living in the Minneapolis/St. Paul area, with high use of Pinterest. Through an ethnographic interpretive analysis of field notes and transcripts of the interviews the participants expressed feelings of empowerment, connectedness, sense of control and utilitarian/hedonic value that emerged from the data. These categories of emotions were interpreted by the researcher as ways of coping with stress in their lives. Pinterest, therefore, provided the mechanism for these emotions that allowed them to escape from stress. The findings and resulting conclusions of this study have implications for future research in better understanding how web design can aid millennial women in coping with stress.Item Profiles of Parental Mental Health and Children’S Academic Coping(2020-06) Fiat, AriaAcademic coping moderates the relationship between academic stress and children’s social, emotional, and behavioral functioning (Grant et al., 2003). Parent psychopathology affects children’s coping, but minimal research has explored the relationship between other facets of parent mental health and children’s academic coping. Moreover, most research studying the interplay between parent mental health and children’s coping has taken a variable-centered approach. This study conducted person-centered analyses to derive latent classes of parents based on how they respond and adapt to stressful life events, then examined how the classes differentially relate to children’s academic coping. Participants were 115 adults with children between the ages of 5 and 15 in the mid-western United States. Data were collected using the parent report form of the Response to Academic Stress Questionnaire (RSQ-AS; Connor-Smith et al., 2000), the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS; Cohen, Kamarck, & Mermelstein, 1994), the Life Challenges Scale (LCS; Sullivan et al., 2019), and a single-item life satisfaction scale (MIDUS, 1995). Results of Latent Profile Analysis— using indicators of life satisfaction, stressful life events, perceived helplessness, and perceived self-efficacy—indicated that a 3-class solution provides the best fit empirically and conceptually. The automatic 3-step approach (Asparouhov & Muthén, 2013) was performed to examine socioeconomic factors related to class membership, as well as to examine the association between parent group membership and children’s responses to academic stress. Results indicate that income and education were weakly associated with parent membership in two of the groups. Further, parent group membership was significantly associated with children’s primary control coping, disengagement coping, and involuntary disengagement. This study adds to the literature on children’s coping in response to academic stress, suggesting that there are certain profiles of parents based on indicators of subjective wellbeing and perceived stress that relate to children’s functioning in school, above and beyond stressful life events. The implications of the findings, limitations, and future directions are discussed.Item Relationships between Adolescent Stress, Depressive Symptoms, Social Support, Coping and Sexual Risk Behavior in Young Adulthood(2017-01) Ghobadzadeh, MaryamObjective To describe longitudinal associations among adolescent stressful life events, depressive symptoms, coping skills, social support, and young adult sexual risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infection (STI) in the United States. Design A total of 18,924 participants aged from 12 to 18 at baseline were included in the analysis. The study's design was a secondary analysis of three waves of longitudinal data utilized structural equation modeling (SEM) to test direct and indirect effects of adolescent stressful life events, depressive symptoms, problem-focused coping skills, unhealthy coping strategies, and social support on young adult sexual risk behavior. To examine the hypotheses of this study, three main structural models were evaluated. Model 1 explores the effects of depressive symptoms and stressful life events as the potential mediator of the association between mental health problems and sexual risk behavior, while Model 2 tests mediating effect of unhealthy coping strategies. Lastly, Model 3 examines the indirect effects of problem-focused coping skills and social support on sexual risk behavior. Results As anticipated, direct effects were found for adolescent stressful life events and unhealthy coping strategies on young adult sexual risk behavior. Adolescent stressful life events and unhealthy coping also significantly mediated the relationship between depressive symptoms and young adult sexual risk behavior. Higher social support from family and problem-focused coping strategies were associated with lower depressive symptoms and stressful life events in adolescence. Adolescent social support from family and problem-focused coping skills were shown to influence young adult sexual risk behavior indirectly through reducing stressful life events. Conclusions Given the associations between stressful life events, depressive symptoms, and sexual risk behavior, these findings highlight a need for screening for depression and stressful life events in adolescents. Findings may also be useful to inform interventions for high-risk adolescents facing psychological stressors and suggest that coping skills training and enhancing social support should be specific targets.