Browsing by Subject "anatomy"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    An Anatomic Analysis Of The Palatal Root Of Maxillary Molars Using Micro-Computed Tomography
    (2018-08) Divine, Katherine
    Introduction: The morphology of the palatal root of maxillary first and second molars was analyzed and compared using micro-computed tomography (mCT) scanning. Methods: Forty-seven maxillary molars were scanned with a mCT device to analyze the palatal radicular dentin dimensions, canal working width, root length, canal curvature, lateral canals, and apical constriction anatomy. Quantitative data were analyzed with mean and standard deviation for first and second molars respectively. Comparison was made between first and second molars using an unpaired t-test. Results/Conclusions: The palatal root of maxillary first molars was found to have statistically significantly thinner dentin than second molars on the palatal aspect of the root 8-11mm from the apex, correlating to the coronal and middle thirds of root. First molar palatal roots also had a statistically significantly wider canal mesio-distally than second molars at 13-15mm from the apex, correlating approximately to the level of the CEJ and pulpal floor. Significant canal curvature was present. These findings suggest need for conservative coronal flaring and instrumentation. The absence of an apical constriction in 76.6% of specimens highlights the importance of creating an apical seat through instrumentation to maintain obturation materials. A minimum master apical file size of 40 is recommended based on pre-operative working widths in the apical 0.5-1.0mm. A root-end resection of 3.5mm would remove a greater majority of lateral canals.
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    Climate determines vascular traits in the ecologically diverse genus Eucalyptus
    (Wiley, 2016) Pfautsch, Sebastian; Harbusch, Marco; Wesolowski, Anita; Smith, Renee; Macfarlane, Craig; Tjoelker, Mark G; Reich, Peter B; Adams, Mark A
    Current theory presumes that natural selection on vascular traits is controlled by a trade-off between efficiency and safety of hydraulic architecture. Hence, traits linked to efficiency, such as vessel diameter, should show biogeographic patterns; but critical tests of these predictions are rare, largely owing to confounding effects of environment, tree size and phylogeny. Using wood sampled from a phylogenetically constrained set of 28 Eucalyptus species, collected from a wide gradient of aridity across Australia, we show that hydraulic architecture reflects adaptive radiation of this genus in response to variation in climate. With increasing aridity, vessel diameters narrow, their frequency increases with a distribution that becomes gradually positively skewed and sapwood density increases while the theoretical hydraulic conductivity declines. Differences in these hydraulic traits appear largely genotypic in origin rather than environmentally plastic. Data reported here reflect long-term adaptation of hydraulic architecture to water availability. Rapidly changing climates, on the other hand, present significant challenges to the ability of eucalypts to adapt their vasculature.
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    The Evolution of Anatomy at the University of Minnesota
    (Minnesota Medical Foundation, 1940) Jackson, C. M.
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    Fabricating the Martial Body: Anatomy, Affect, and Armor in Early Modern England and Italy
    (2017-05) Taylor, Amanda
    This project investigates the physical nature of what I call the martial body—most prominently represented as the armored knight—in late fifteenth- and sixteenth-century English and Italian culture. Earlier studies assume that there is an innate link between elite masculinity, combat, and armor during this period. In contrast, I identify the martial body as a means by which some women and lower status men could occupy positions, express opinions, and exert influence in ways traditionally limited to the masculine martial elite. Marginalized individuals and groups used the trope of the martial body to justify rhetoric and actions that transgressed codes enforced by the hierarchical and patriarchal social structure. Incorporating methodologies from the history of medicine and warfare that derive from work with medical texts and the study of material objects like armor, my dissertation traces the construction of the martial body and its uses as physical construct and rhetorical trope in the Italian epic romances Orlando innamorato by Matteo Boiardo, Orlando furioso by Ludovico Ariosto, and Gerusalemme liberata by Torquato Tasso and the English Faerie Queene by Edmund Spenser. The literary sources are complemented by inclusion of English and Italian anatomical and surgical texts, fencing treatises, and armor. Because of transmission patterns from Italy to England for medical knowledge, armor design, fencing technique, and literary genre, an attempt to study the martial body in England presupposes inclusion of Italian materials. The dissertation is structured so as to define the martial body moving progressively outward, so it begins by asking what the body is made of and then moves to an examination of the body’s surface before turning to the chief marker of the martial body, armor, and ends with a consideration of the martial body in combat. The first chapter investigates what the body was made of in the context of Galenic medical theory, Vesalian anatomical illustrations, and the allegory of the body in Ariosto’s Orlando furioso and Spenser’s The Faerie Queene. The second chapter considers skin and hair in all the epic romances as transactional sites that function by subtle manipulations of color, hardness, and presentation. The third again uses all four romances and turns to the martial body’s most visible marker: armor. It focuses on armor as prosthesis for entry into the hypermasculine space of combat and the complications this poses for the always already inadequate wearer. The fourth uses English and Italian fencing treatises in an examination of combat in the romances. In doing so, I demonstrate that the martial body—the literal figure and rhetorical trope of elite martial masculinity—serves as a vehicle for some women and lower status men to access the very social spheres that seem most hostile to them in order to evade strict social control.