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Item Air-quality related health impacts of food in the United States(2021-05) Domingo, Nina GabrielleThe challenge of feeding a growing and increasingly affluent population has spurred interest in identifying diets and food production practices that improve human health and protect the environment. The environmental impacts of our food system on climate change, on land, energy, and water use, and on water quality are well established. Less is known about the role of food in influencing human health via reduced air quality. This is despite the food sector being a major contributor to air pollution and reduced air quality being the largest environmental risk to premature mortality. This dissertation addresses that gap by advancing understanding of the air-quality related health impacts of US food in three ways: (i) by examining air-quality related health impacts of individual foods and diets, I find that 80% of the 15,900 annual death from food-related fine particulate matter is attributable to animal source foods; (ii) by estimating the air-quality related health impacts of pork and chicken along 79 company-specific supply chains, I find that the associated air-quality related health damages are concentrated in a small fraction of the total companies and the slaughter facilities they operate; and (iii) by calculating the external costs linked to the air-quality related health impacts and climate impacts of individual foods, I find that total external costs of food production are comparable to the net cash income of the US farm sector. These findings can inform decisions of food producers, processors and distributors, policymakers, and the broader public interested in improving the health and environmental outcomes linked to the food we eat. Future work should explore the air-quality related health impacts of the food system at a global scale, examine the relationship between food’s air-quality related health impacts and other environmental impacts, and evaluate solutions with respect to broader social and environmental goals.Item Atlas of Minnesota Resources and Settlement.(Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota., 1969) Borchert, John R.; Yaeger, DonaldItem Atlas of Minnesota Resources and Settlement. 3rd edition.(Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota; and Minnesota State Planning Agency, 1980) Borchert, John R.; Gustafson, Neil C.Item Atlas of Minnesota, Social and Economic Characteristics of the North Star State population, 2nd edition.(University of Minnesota Extension Service., 2003) Center for Rural Policy and Development; Blandin Foundation; University of Minnesota Extension ServiceItem Bulletin No. 12. Surface Formations and Agricultural Conditions of Northwestern Minnesota(Minnesota Geological Survey, 1915) Leverett, Frank; Purssell, U.G.This bulletin is a preliminary paper which treats the soils of only the northwest quarter of Minnesota. It will be followed by a report on the entire State, the field work for which will soon be completed. The work has been done in accordance with the agreement for cooperation between the United States Geological Survey and the Minnesota Geological Survey, entered into March, 1912. By this agreement the services of Professor Frank Leverett were secured for surveying the surface formations and soils. Mr. Leverett has been engaged for some twenty years in studying the surface geology of the Great Lakes region and because of his large experience in the greater area he is particularly well prepared to undertake the studies in Minnesota. He has spent, moreover, considerable time in the State studying its physiography in connection with the preparation of a monograph for the United States Geological Survey. Since the reorganization of the State Survey, the salary of Mr. Leverett has been met by the United States Geological Survey, while the greater part of his expenses have been paid by the State Survey. The State Survey has provided also for this work the services and expenses of Professor F. W. Sardeson, who has assisted in this work for the past three seasons. For brief periods, also, the State has supplied the services of Arthur H. Elftman, P. R. McMiller, and G. R. Mc- Dole. We wish to acknowledge the generous assistance of the Division of Soils of the Department of Agriculture of the University of Minnesota and of the United States Bureau of Soils, both of which have contributed unpublished data. The valuable contributions to the knowledge of the surface formations of Minnesota by the Minnesota Geological and Natural History Survey, under the direction of Professor N. H. Winchell, particularly those of Mr. Warren Upham of that Survey, have aided greatly in the preparation of this report. The section on climatic conditions in Minnesota has been generously contributed without any cost to the Survey by Mr. U. G. Purssell, Director of the Minnesota Section of the United States Weather Bureau. In the preparation of the maps and other data showing dates of killing frosts, lengths of growing season, rainfall, etc., Professor C. J. Posey has rendered efficient service.Item Bulletin No. 13. Surface Formations and Agricultural Conditions of Northeastern Minnesota(Minnesota Geological Survey, 1917) Leverett, Frank; Sardeson, Frederick W.; Purssell, U.G.This bulletin is a preliminary paper which treats the soils of only the northeast quarter of Minnesota. It will be followed by a report on the entire state, the field work for which already has been completed. The work has been done in accordance with the agreement for cooperation between the United States Geological Survey and the Minnesota Geological Survey, entered into, March, 1912. By this agreement the services of Mr. Frank Leverett were secured for surveying the surface formations and soils. Mr. Leverett has been engaged since 1886, or thirty years, in studying the surface geology of the Great Lakes region and because of his large experience in the greater area he was particularly well prepared to undertake the studies in Minnesota. He has spent, moreover, considerable time in the state studying its physiography in connection with the preparation of a monograph for the United States Geological Survey. Since the reorganization of the State Survey, the salary of Mr. Leverett has been met by the United States Geological Survey, while the greater part of his expenses have been paid by the State Survey. The State Survey has provided also for this work the services and expenses of Professor F. W. Sardeson, who has assisted in this work for the past five seasons. For a short period, also, the State has supplied the services of Dr. Arthur H. Elftman. We wish to acknowledge the generous assistance of the Division of Soils of the Department of Agriculture of the University of Minnesota and of the United States Bureau of Soils. The valuable contributions to the knowledge of the surface formations of Minnesota by the Minnesota Geological and Natural History Survey, under the direction of Professor N. H. Winchell, particularly those of Mr. Warren Upham of that Survey, have aided greatly in the preparation of this report. The section on climatic conditions in Minnesota has been generously contributed without any cost to the Survey by Mr. U. G. Purssell, Director of the Minnesota Section of the United States Weather Bureau. In the preparation of the maps and other data showing dates of killing frosts, lengths of growing season, rainfall, etc., Professor C. J. Posey has rendered efficient service.Item Bulletin No. 14. Surface Formations and Agricultural Conditions of The South Half of Minnesota(Minnesota Geological Survey, 1919) Leverett, Frank; Sardeson, Frederick W.; Purssell, U.G.This bulletin treats the soils of only the south half of Minnesota. The field embraced includes the part of the state south from the median line, which is near latitude 46° 25'. Following the plan in Bulletin No. 12, on Northwestern Minnesota, a brief general description of the surface features and deposits of the entire state is given, and the climate of the entire state also is discussed. It will be followed by a report on the entire state, the field work for which already has been completed. The work has been done in accordance with the agreement for cooperation between the United States Geological Survey and the Minnesota Geological Survey, entered into, March, 19I2. By this agreement the services of Mr. Frank Leverett were secured for surveying the surface formations and soils. Mr. Leverett has been engaged since 1886, or thirty-two years, in studying the surface geology of the Great Lakes region and because of his large experience in the greater area he was particularly well prepared to undertake the studies in Minnesota. He has spent, moreover, considerable time in the state studying its physiography in connection with the preparation of a monograph for the United States Geological Survey. Since the reorganization of the State Survey, the salary of Mr. Leverett has been met by the United States· Geological Survey, while the greater part of his expenses have been paid by the State Survey. The State Survey has provided also for this work· the services and expenses of Professor F. W. Sardeson, who has assisted· in this work for five seasons. We wish to acknowledge the generous assistance of the Division of Soils of the Department of Agriculture of the University of Minnesota and of the United States Bureau of Soils. The valuable contributions to the knowledge of the surface formations of Minnesota by the Minnesota Geological and Natural History Survey under the direction of Professor N. H. Winchell, particularly those of Mr. Warren Upham of that survey, have aided greatly in the preparation of this report. The section on climatic conditions in Minnesota has been generously contributed without any cost to the Survey by Mr. U. G. Purssell, Director of the Minnesota Section of the United States Weather Bureau. In the preparation of the maps and other data showing dates of killing frosts, lengths of growing season, rainfall, etc., Professor C. J. Posey has rendered efficient service.Item Characterization of streams and rivers in the Minnesota River Basin Critical Observatory: water chemistry and biological field collections, 2013-2016(2017-09-06) Dolph, Christine, L.; Hansen, Amy, T.; Kemmitt, Katie, L.; Janke, Ben; Rorer, Michelle; Winikoff, Sarah; Baker, Anna; Boardman, Evelyn; Finlay, Jacques, C.; dolph008@umn.edu; Dolph, Christine, L.This dataset was collected to inform the Water, Sustainability and Climate Minnesota River Basin Observatory, and was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1209402 Water, Sustainability and Climate (WSC) – Category 2, Collaborative: Climate and human dynamics as amplifiers of natural change: a framework for vulnerability assessment and mitigation planning. The dataset contains point locations, watershed areas and water quality information for 231 ditch, stream, river and wetland sites located in the Le Sueur River, Chippewa River, Cottonwood River, Cannon River, Wantonwan River and Blue Earth River basins of Minnesota. Study sites ranged in size from 1st order ditches and streams to an 8th order river. Each of these sites was sampled at least once between 2013-2016 (most sites were sampled multiple times) for one or more of the following parameters: 1) water chemistry (total dissolved nitrogen, nitrate-N, nitrite-N, ammonium-N, particulate nitrogen, soluble reactive phosphorus, total dissolved phosphorus, particulate phosphorus, total phosphorus, dissolved organic carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon, particulate carbon, chlorophyll a, total suspended solids, volatile suspended solids, delta-H-2 and delta-O-18 stable isotopes of site water, specific UV absorbance (SUVA) of site water, fluorescence index (FI) of site water); 2) stable isotopes (delta-C-13, delta-N-15, delta-H-2) of invertebrate consumers, particulate carbon and potential food sources; 3) denitrification rates and characteristics of benthic sediment in agricultural drainage ditches; and 4) stream discharge. This dataset also includes spatial data files containing study site locations and watershed areas delineated for each site.Item "Climate-Smart" Seeds: Race, Science, and Security in the Global Green Revolution(2019-06) Eddens, AaronThis dissertation connects the racial logics and transnational ties of the Green Revolution—Cold War-era American-led agricultural development projects across the Global South—to a range of contemporary Western development projects seeking to cultivate a “Green Revolution for Africa.” Scholars have critiqued the Green Revolution’s links to U.S. foreign policy, exacerbation of rural inequalities, and environmental impacts. Yet, for the world’s most powerful development institutions, it remains a “success story” that guides policy and practice. Understanding this staying power, I argue, demands asking how the prevailing knowledge about the Green Revolution is inextricable from racial logics. Combining archival research from the records of the earliest Green Revolution projects with in-depth interviews with agricultural scientists working on development projects in East Africa, I show how Green Revolution projects are rooted in racialized thinking about poverty, security, and development. Drawing on history, geography, critical race studies, and indigenous studies, the dissertation’s chapters provide an intellectual genealogy of the key ideas that have shaped the global Green Revolution. Chapter one compares the Green Revolution’s central figure, Nobel Prize-winning plant breeder Norman Borlaug, to the Green Revolution for Africa’s most recognizable backer: Bill Gates. Both figures, I argue, share racialized framings of poverty as a security threat and Africa as a “frontier.” Chapter two shows how American scientists working in Mexico in the 1940s used ideas about the racial inferiority of indigenous people to justify their efforts to collect indigenous varieties of maize from throughout the country. Chapter three examines a contemporary effort to bring genetically modified maize to smallholder farmers in East Africa. I argue that the project’s mission to improve the plight of smallholder farmers with biotech crops reproduces racialized narratives that yoke improvement and the expansion of private property. Finally, chapter four traces parallel logics across U.S. Global Food security strategy, national security strategy, and new crop insurance schemes in East Africa, connecting this intersection to histories of racialized finance and U.S. Empire. Ultimately, the dissertation insists on the need to foreground discussions of race and racialization in debates about agricultural development in an era of climate change.Item A comparison of honey bee-collected pollen from working agricultural lands using light microscopy and ITS metabarcoding(Oxford, 2017) Smart, M. D.; Cornman, R. S.; Iwanowicz, D. D.; McDermott-Kubeczko, M.; Pettis, J. S.; Spivak, M. S.; Otto, C.R.V.Taxonomic identification of pollen has historically been accomplished via light microscopy but requires specialized knowledge and reference collections, particularly when identification to lower taxonomic levels is necessary. Recently, next-generation sequencing technology has been used as a cost-effective alternative for identifying beecollected pollen; however, this novel approach has not been tested on a spatially or temporally robust number of pollen samples. Here, we compare pollen identification results derived from light microscopy and DNA sequencing techniques with samples collected from honey bee colonies embedded within a gradient of intensive agricultural landscapes in the Northern Great Plains throughout the 2010–2011 growing seasons. We demonstrate that at all taxonomic levels, DNA sequencing was able to discern a greater number of taxa, and was particularly useful for the identification of infrequently detected species. Importantly, substantial phenological overlap did occur for commonly detected taxa using either technique, suggesting that DNA sequencing is an appropriate, and enhancing, substitutive technique for accurately capturing the breadth of bee-collected species of pollen present across agricultural landscapes. We also show that honey bees located in high and low intensity agricultural settings forage on dissimilar plants, though with overlap of the most abundantly collected pollen taxa. We highlight practical applications of utilizing sequencing technology, including addressing ecological issues surrounding land use, climate change, importance of taxa relative to abundance, and evaluating the impact of conservation program habitat enhancement efforts.Item A Consultancy Approach to Sustainable Agriculture: Creating Meaning through Engagement, Communities of Practice, and Holistic Systems Thinking(2012-01-24) Morawiecki, TeresaToday’s conventional agricultural practices are created to meet our society’s global demand for food and energy products. However, these conventional practices have begun to create concern for the environment and human health. As a result, a related discipline, known as sustainable agriculture has been created within agriculture itself. Sustainable agriculture is a new concept in that much of society is not familiar with it or understands it. I propose a socially conscious framework that encourages connections, relationships, and knowledge building within sustainable agriculture to create growth and expand its current practice. Harnessing the disciplines of engagement, communities of practice and systems thinking, I encourage the use of consultants to guide sustainable agriculture communities and key players to develop and strengthen the social aspects of their community. I utilize the ADDIE model (analyze, design, develop, implement and evaluate) to guide the community through the development of the social aspects of agriculture towards successful implementation. The result will ultimately enable sustainable agriculture communities to grow their practice by creating agricultural products that positively impact the economic, environmental and social aspects of our lives.Item Dairy Confined Animal Feeding Permits on Public Notice as a Leading Indicator of Milk Supply(2019-10) Sorg, GabriellaTrends toward larger dairy farms and stricter environmental regulations imply that an increasing percentage of United States milk cows will be located on farms regulated by Confined Animal Feeding Operation (CAFO) permits. The objective of this research is to test whether a change in the aggregate state dairy cow herd size can be predicted by a respective change in the number of cows permitted under the CAFO, i.e. if CAFO permits can serve as a leading indicator for dairy herd changes. A model of Texas is used to test if cows on CAFO permit public notice can help predict change in aggregate state dairy herd size. Some CAFO permit data, like facility capacity, are available through public notices that must be published to inform the community of facility changes. Individual permit data on changes in animal capacity for facilities were collected from public notices published from January 2005 to December 2018. Data from CAFO permits are transformed into six-month sums and run as a lagged variable against year-over-year change in United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) number of Texas milk cows. A variable for USDA Margin Protection Program estimation of milk margin above feed costs is used as a control variable. Results suggest that a six-month lagged and summed variable of the number of cows on CAFO permit public notice is statistically significant to the year-over-year change in milk cows in Texas. Economic significance and feasibility of industry implementation are less certain.Item Differential Assessment of Farmland in Anoka County.(Center for Urban and Regional Affairs, University of Minnesota., 1975) Larson, GreggItem Digitization and Preservation of Milan's Film History(2006) Olson, MicheleItem Economic and Local Government Impacts of the Minnesota Swine Industry.(2000) Lazarus, William; Morse, George; Platas, Diego; Guess-Murphy, SteffanieItem Effects of Farm Foreclosure on Soil Conservation Practices in Four Minnesota Counties.(1988) Cartlidge, ThoraItem Eureka Township Envisioning Task Force Report: Exploring the Possibilities.(2003) Mega, Matthew; Mitteco, Gina; Greco, Michael D. (Mike)Item Eureka Township Envisioning Task Force Report: Summary Report(2003) Mega, Matthew; Mitteco, Gina; Greco, MichaelItem Examining the Research Practices of Agricultural Scholars at the University of Minnesota - Twin Cities(2016) Farrell, Shannon L.; Kocher, MeganDuring the spring and summer of 2016, the University of Minnesota Libraries joined 18 other institutions to participate in Ithaka S+R’s Research Support Services Program to explore agricultural scholars’ research focus, research methods and publishing practices. This report summarizes our local findings, resulting from 16 interviews with University of Minnesota faculty from the College of Food, Agricultural and Natural Resources Sciences on the Twin Cities campus. It also offers suggestions for agriculture libraries and librarians based on the data we have gathered.