Browsing by Subject "affordances"
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Item Dataset with the variables analyzed in the study: "Perception of affordances in female volleyball players: serving short versus serving to the sideline"(2023-04-05) Arruda, Danilo G; Barp, Fabio; Felisberto, Greysian; Tkak, Claudio; Wagman, Jeffrey; Stoffregen, Thomas; arrud005@umn.edu; Arruda, Danilo G; ; Affordance Perception-Action LaboratoryPurpose: We investigated youth volleyball players’ perception of affordances for different types of serves. Method: Participants were separated into Less Experienced (n = 13, maximum of three years of competitive volleyball experience) and More Experienced (n = 11, minimum of four years of competitive volleyball experience) groups. In the Sideline Condition, participants were asked to report the narrowest gap, relative to either the left or right sideline, into which they could serve the ball. In the Short Condition, participants were asked to report the narrowest gap, relative to the net, into which they could serve the ball. Participants then attempted to serve into their reported gaps. Results: As expected, reported serveable gaps were larger for the Short Serve condition (M = 3.66 m, SD = 0.67 m) than for the Sideline Serve condition (M = 1.93 m, SD = 0.71 m), F(1, 22) = 80.45, p < .001, partial η2= 0.79. The proportion of successful serves was greater for the More Experienced group than for the Less Experienced group, but a statistically significant interaction revealed that this was true only when performing sideline serves. Conclusions: Our study extends previous work to a different sport (volleyball) and to different sport-specific actions (serving the ball). The finding that perceived minimum servable gap sizes were larger for short serves than for sideline serves is consistent with differences in the constraints operating on the two types of serves in the context of game play.Item Nautical Affordances for Walking(2019-08) Walter, HannahI investigated the perception of affordance that emerge from dynamic aspects of humans (lateral oscillations of the body during walking) and the environment (angular motion of the ground). I chose to focus on the ways in which motion of ships at sea may influence how humans detect their affordances. Humans going out to sea for thousands of years, yet very little research has addressed perception and action at sea. I conducted several affordance experiments at sea to begin filling the large gap in human movement literature. I chose to investigate the affordance of walking on the deck within the confines of a pathway. In Experiment 1, I asked seasoned mariners to estimate their ability to walk within a set pathway. Upon completion of these judgments, the mariners were then asked to perform the walking task. The results showed that mariners’ judgments were accurate. In Experiment 2, I built off of this success, repeating the same design across daily changes in ship angular motion. Judgments accurately reflected these daily changes. Finally, in Experiments 3 and 4, I took a different approach. While the two previous experiments utilized the natural ship motion (environmental factor) to change the affordance, in Experiments 3 and 4 I used weights added to the participant (animal factor) to manipulate affordances for walking. I first established that added weight influenced affordance judgments on land. I then found similar effects on a ship at sea. Taken together, my experiments expand our understanding of perceptual sensitivity to affordances that arise from dynamic properties in the animal-environment system. Additionally, many implications concerning nautical performance and safety can be gleaned from this study.