Browsing by Subject "adolescent development"

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    The Influence of Parent Alcohol Use During Adolescence on Adult Antisocial Behavior
    (2023-04) Hanson, Alexandra
    Antisocial behavior in adolescents and young adults is a serious and prevalent problem, making research into prevention of antisocial behavior critical. Parenting interventions have been identified as a promising avenue for intervention for antisocial behavior development. In this study, I use data from Project Alliance, a longitudinal study of families in the United States, to examine whether parent alcohol use frequency while their child is an adolescent (ages 16-17) is associated with the development of antisocial behavior into adulthood (ages 26-30). In addition, I examine whether parental monitoring behaviors and family conflict during adolescence mediate the relationship between parent alcohol use and future antisocial behavior. I also examine whether parental messaging about substance use abstinence moderates the relationship. Results indicated that above-average parent alcohol use during adolescence explains a small but significant proportion of variance in child antisocial behavior 10 years later. Neither parental monitoring nor family conflict mediated the relationship, and parental messaging about substance use abstinence did not moderate the relationship. This study presents preliminary evidence that parent alcohol use while their child is an adolescent may impact child development of antisocial behavior into adulthood.
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    Within-Person Imbalance of Reward Sensitivity and Executive Functioning: A Longitudinal Examination of the Dual Systems Model From Childhood to Adulthood
    (2023-07) Lozano Wun, Vanessa
    The dual systems model of adolescent development asserts that the neurobiological systems underlying reward/motivational processes and cognitive control mature at different rates, resulting in an “imbalance” during adolescence whereby adolescents are biased toward rewards but unable to exert sufficient executive control in risk-taking contexts. While an imbalance between these systems is central to the dual systems model, few studies have investigated longitudinal trajectories within and between each system with age. Therefore, this investigation assessed the developmental trajectories of the reward and control systems, and directly quantified within-person differences between these systems using an accelerated longitudinal design including 166 individuals, ages 9-32, assessed biennially up to five times. Results indicate that self-reported reward sensitivity and laboratory-based executive function abilities increase rapidly during early adolescence and plateau by early adulthood. Our findings also demonstrate differences between reward and control systems that change significantly through adolescence and stabilize in early adulthood. This trajectory provides evidence of a functional gap during adolescence whereby reward processes outpace capacities for executive control in early adolescence. However, by mid-adolescence and into early adulthood, the developmental mismatch between these systems favors EF capacity. Collectively, the present report offers a novel and important contribution to our understanding of adolescent development and suggests the ability to exert top-down regulatory control over incentive-reward motivation emerges by middle adolescence. Future directions include investigating how within-person differences between reward and control systems are associated with risk-taking behaviors.