Browsing by Subject "adolescent"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
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    Adolescents' Achievement Beliefs and Behaviors in Sport, Music, and Reading Domains
    (2013-05) Phillips, Alison
    Based on expectancy-value theory, youths' competence and value beliefs are significant correlates of achievement behaviors in multiple domains. Gender and activity stereotypes and parental influence represent social-contextual factors. The purposes of this study were to examine gender and activity group differences in adolescents' achievement beliefs and behaviors, and those of their parents, in reading, sport, and music. Adolescents (N = 313) completed measures assessing domain-specific expectancy-value constructs. First, gender by domain RM ANOVAs revealed no gender differences on sport variables, boys reported higher music participation and parental influence, and girls scored higher on reading constructs. Second, group by domain RM ANOVAs revealed that sport-only participants reported higher sport and lower music beliefs and behaviors, and music-only participants reported the opposite pattern. Results indicate that domain-specific gender stereotypes may not emerge with a selective sample and activity group should be considered in studies of adolescents' achievement motivation in multiple domains.
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    Associations between cephalometric values and radiographic osseous temporomandibular joint diagnoses in an adolescent orthodontic population
    (2015-06) Knudsen, Kyle
    AIMS: To identify skeletal features and relationships associated with the Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) osseous temporomandibular joint (TMJ) diagnoses in an adolescent population undergoing comprehensive orthodontic treatment, and to evaluate the reliability and validity of the cervical vertebral maturation (CVM) method for predicting mandibular growth. METHODS: Fifty-nine orthodontic patients were included in the study. Pre-treatment and post-treatment diagnoses of each TMJ were previously made by Anderson1 using the RDC/TMD. For each subject, a lateral cephalometric radiograph was extracted from existing pre-treatment and post-treatment cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images. Each radiograph was assessed with cephalometric analysis and staged using the CVM method. Statistical analyses were performed with one-way ANOVA and Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficients. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The pre-treatment mandibular plane angle (FMA) and Wits appraisal had a fair degree of positive correlation with the pre-treatment TMJ diagnosis. However, no associations were found when the change in TMJ diagnosis over the course of orthodontic treatment was compared to cephalometric variables or measures of growth, nor did the pre-treatment cephalometric measurements predict changes in the TMJ diagnosis. The pre-treatment CVM stage was inversely correlated to mandibular growth observed during treatment, with no growth seen in subjects with a pre-treatment CVM stage of 6.
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    Changing Adolescent Healthy Living Behavior Through Mentoring
    (University of Minnesota Extension, 2014-10) Conway, Judith; Olson, Carrie Ann; Jeffers, Brent
    Research has shown that quality mentoring programs have been associated with helping young people navigate through life‘s experiences and challenges. Over the last 20 years, obesity among young people has been on the rise in the United States causing a concern for society, including the life challenge it creates for the young person. The obesity rise has been attributed to many factors including lack of personal role models that encourage exercise. Studies show that increased physical activity has consistently related to improvements in self-esteem, self-concept, depressive symptoms, and anxiety and stress (Calfas, K.J. and Taylor, WC., 1994). In southwest Minnesota, using mentoring as a program strategy to address this issue, a ten-week afterschool Science and Movement (S.A.M.) 4-H club was designed utilizing a new volunteer audience of college health science students as mentors. The objectives for youth mentee participants in this research study focused on healthy living, exposure to higher education, and community awareness. Program design from the University of Minnesota Extension Center for Youth Development partnered with Southwest Minnesota State University Health Science department, local family fitness center and local middle school. Qualitative evaluations and data conclude that program objectives were met. The implication of study shows that young people desired to make a healthy living behavior change based on the positive relationships built with their college mentor. Anecdotal evidence from mentor evaluations concludes that utilizing mentoring as a service-learning strategy became a powerful way to give deeper meaning to a college student‘s educational experience.
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    Effects of Youth Cannabis Use on Young Adult Functioning
    (2016-08) Hamdi, Nayla
    Youth cannabis use is associated with psychiatric problems, cognitive impairment, educational underachievement, and unemployment. Individuals with genetic liabilities, such as carriers of the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) Val allele, may be particularly sensitive to the effects of cannabis use, but evidence for gene-by-environment (GxE) interaction is inconclusive. It is also unclear if youth cannabis use causes negative outcomes, or if unmeasured factors are responsible for both cannabis use and functional problems. Two studies were conducted to elucidate the nature of the association between youth cannabis use and young adult functioning. Both studies were based on a prospective sample of 1512 twins from the Minnesota Twin Family Study who were assessed six times from age 11 to age 29. The first study examined whether adolescent-onset cannabis use interacts with genetic factors to increase psychotic traits and impair attention and memory at age 29. The results revealed that adolescent-onset cannabis use is associated with higher levels of psychotic traits and worse memory regardless of genotype, with no evidence for GxE interaction. The second study examined if twins discordant on youth cannabis use disorder (CUD) have different psychiatric, cognitive, educational, and occupational outcomes at ages 20, 24, and 29. This design controlled for genetic and other familial confounds shared between twins. Analyses showed that many associations between youth CUD and psychosocial problems were attributable to familial confounding. Still, there was residual evidence for a potential causal effect of youth CUD on the development of other illicit drug use disorders and on deficits in numerical reasoning, even after controlling for premorbid functioning.
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    Examining the Effects of the Creativity Camp Intervention on Depression and Suicidality in Depressed Adolescents
    (2023) Frederiksen, Jordan; Nair, Aparna U; DiMaggio-Potter, Michaelle E; Klimes-Dougan, Bonnie; Cullen, Kathryn R.
    Many adolescents experience depression and, sometimes in tandem, suicidality. Unfortunately, not all depression and suicidality can treated using the same methods, as it is often the case they may be resistant to common techniques such as Cognitive Behavioral Therapy or SSRIs. Using a novel Creativity Camp intervention, we analyzed the effects on suicidality, and found a statistically significant reduction in depression symptoms using the CDI-2, and a reduction in adolescents reporting suicidality from pre-camp to post-camp.
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    The gender dichotomy and its impact on the attitude and satisfaction levels of first-year female college students towards their high school physical education experience
    (2014-03) Reimann, Bonnie Joan
    Current research (Fisette, 2011; Hills & Croston, 2012; Slater & Tiggemann, 2011) indicates a significant lack of participation among adolescent girls in physical education. This behavior, the research suggests, may be explained by the possibility that physical education inadvertently foster a gender dichotomy by deploying learned ideologies of femininity. According to research (Azzarito, 2010; Fisette, 2011; Hills & Croston, 2012; Jeanes, 2011), young women are more explicitly affected by the gender dichotomy in the physical education classroom. This mixed method study sought a dynamic answer to the question of women’s avoidance and apparent dissatisfaction with physical education by exploring the attitude and satisfaction levels of first–year female college students toward their high school physical education classes. Questionnaires were used to examine the attitude and satisfaction levels that first–year female college students (N=51) exhibited towards their high school physical education experiences and to gauge their perception of the presence of a gender dichotomy in the physical education classroom. The quantitative data criteria narrowed the potential interview participants to nine girls. To give voice to their experiences, and to gain a better understanding of the gender dichotomy associated with participation in physical education, a feminist perspective guided the qualitative interviews. A basic qualitative approach with a feminist perspective guided the analysis of the interview data. The results of this study offer further and more complete evidence to explain young women’s lack of involvement in physical education classes. It also offers curricular and pedagogical suggestions for achieving a more inclusive physical education environment.
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    Preventing Childhood Migraines
    (2010-07-22) Herseth, Jonathan
    Migraines in children can be a serious problem affecting both life and school. Recurrent headaches on one side of the head or both with throbbing sensation associated with an upset stomach and vomiting, changes in vision, dizziness may indicate migraines. Lifestyle changes can help to decrease these headaches. In some cases, medications may be used to prevent headache or decrease the frequency of headaches for those who do not respond to more conservative efforts to decrease. Topiramate (Topamax) is a medication that has been shown in kids to reduce the frequency and the severity of headaches. Some side effects may be nervousness, electrolyte imbalance, emotional changes and kidney stones. Other medications have also been used with good results.
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    Sociodemographic and Psychological Differences in Global Self-Worth Among Adolescent Ultimate Players
    (2020-12) Espinoza, Sarah
    Sport is an important context in adolescent development. A wealth of research has investigated how the experiences young people have and relationships they build within sport impact their self-perceptions, specifically, their global self-worth. Understanding how global self-worth can be affected by athletic experiences has been key to designing psychologically safe and promotive physical activity spaces, and such research (largely guided by Harter’s mediational model) has informed pedagogy and practice in sport settings and physical education. One adolescent sport context—ultimate—has been left out of this work, though it has tens of thousands of youth participants in the United States and abroad. Extant research on youth sport and global self-worth may not be immediately applicable to understanding ultimate, as ultimate has a unique body of participants, refereeing system, culture, and je ne sais quoi from other sports. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore sociodemographic and psychological differences in adolescent ultimate players’ global self-worth. Participants (N = 380, mean age = 17.1 years) completed measures of global self-worth, perceived athletic and social competence, perceived social support, and sociodemographic information at a single timepoint. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that identifying as a boy, identifying as Caucasian/White rather than Asian/Asian American, and having higher perceived ultimate competence, social competence, and social support from parents significantly predicted variance in participants’ global self-worth. No significant relationships were found between global self-worth and years of experience in ultimate, highest level of ultimate played, playing on single-gender or mixed-gender ultimate teams, or perceived social support from ultimate coaches, teammates, or opponents. In sum, being good at ultimate, able to make friends and fit in with peers, and feeling valued by one’s parents contribute to adolescent ultimate players’ global self-worth. Youth ultimate programs should take steps to give participants the best possible chances of having adaptive self- worth by sustaining their feelings of competence and support.
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    A United Front: Coach and Teammate Motivational Climate and Team Cohesion among Adolescent Female Athletes
    (2019-07) Moehnke, Hailee
    This study examined the association of coach and peer motivational climates with team cohesion among female, adolescent volleyball players. Participants (N = 235) included 14- to 18-year-old players (M = 16.3 yrs., SD = .97) from Junior Olympic club teams in the midwestern U.S. Athletes completed self-report measures in the middle of the season: Perceived Motivational Climate in Sport Questionnaire-2 (Newton, Duda, & Yin, 2000), the Peer Motivational Climate in Youth Sport Scale (Ntoumanis & Vazou, 2005), and the Youth Sport Environment Questionnaire (Eys, Loughead, Bray, & Carron, 2009). Canonical correlation analysis revealed all coach and peer task-involving climate subscales were positively related to task and social cohesion. Coach punishment for mistakes and peer intra-team conflict (ego-involving subscales) were negatively related to task and social cohesion. These findings provide support for theories of motivation and suggest practical implications for how coaches can maximize team cohesion through shaping the motivational climate.
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    Weight stigma: Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations with disordered eating and weight-related health behaviors in an ethnically/racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of adolescents and young adults
    (2022-07) Hooper, Laura
    This dissertation used a health equity lens to examine whether experiencing weight teasing is associated with disordered eating behaviors (DEBs), health behaviors, and weight status in an ethnically/racially and socioeconomically diverse sample of youth. It also investigated whether positive family/parenting factors are protective for DEBs in youth who experience weight stigma. 1,534 Project EAT 2010-2018 participants were surveyed as adolescents (Mage=14.4 years) and eight years later. Participants were asked about weight-stigmatizing experiences (e.g., weight teasing). Outcomes included DEBs (e.g., unhealthy weight control behaviors, chronic dieting, binge eating), health behaviors (e.g., physical activity, sleep duration, nutrition habits), and weight status. Regression models were adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics and weight status. Interaction terms and stratified models assessed whether family/parenting factors buffered DEB risk in adolescents who experienced weight stigma. Experiencing weight teasing was significantly associated with higher prevalence of DEBs and high weight status, cross-sectionally during both adolescence and young adulthood, and longitudinally. Effects of weight teasing were similar across ethnic/racial and socioeconomic subgroups. Black Indigenous, and People of Color (BIPOC) and youth from low socioeconomic backgrounds had higher prevalence of weight teasing, DEBs, and high weight, when compared to their respective counterparts. There was evidence that positive family/parenting factors operate as effect modifiers in cross-sectional relationships between weight stigma and DEBs, although these factors were primarily protective for adolescents who did not experience weight stigma. Findings provide evidence that weight teasing is a risk factor for DEBs and high weight status, and that BIPOC youth and youth from low socioeconomic backgrounds are disproportionately affected by weight teasing, DEBs, and high weight status, suggesting weight-stigmatizing experiences may create barriers to health, especially for youth who are already underserved. Positive family/parenting factors did not entirely offset the effects of weight stigma on DEBs, which may reflect the strength of weight stigma as a risk factor for DEBs. Published guidelines provide recommendations for how to decrease weight stigma experienced by youth. Future research should build upon these guidelines and include qualitative, solutions-oriented methods aimed at understanding how families, healthcare providers, and policymakers can decrease weight stigma and its effects on diverse populations of youth.