Browsing by Subject "acute"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Acute Sinusitis
    (2010-07-21) Day, Andrew
    Acute sinusitis is inflammation of the skin lining your sinuses – the airspaces in your facial bones around your nose. The disease is most often due to the common cold and as a result, treatment is usually for symptoms only. Antibiotics have been shown to help a minority of people recover from the simple form of the disease, but are associated with adverse effects.
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    Method for acute Neuropixels probe recordings in non-human primates
    (2022-08) Bauer, Devyn
    Neuropixels (NP) probes are a significant advance in electrophysiological recording technology that enable monitoring of hundreds of neurons in the brain simultaneously across depth. Application of this technology has been predominately in rodents, however, and widespread use in larger non-human primates (NHPs) such as rhesus macaques has been limited. There are two overarching challenges that impede acute NP implantation in NHPs: (1) traditional microdrive systems that mount to cephalic chambers that are commonly used to access cortical areas for microelectrode recordings are not designed to accommodate NP probes, and (2) NHPs have thick dura mater and tissue growth within the cephalic chambers which poses a challenge for insertion of the extremely fragile NP probe. In this study we present a novel Neuropixels guide tube system that can be adapted to commercial microdrive systems and was developed using a combination of CAD design, 3D printing, and small part machining. Software programs, 3D Slicer and SolidWorks were used to target cortical areas, approximate recording depths and locations, and for in-silico implant testing. Finally, we performed in vivo testing to validate our methodology, successfully implanting and reimplanting NP probes and collecting stable neurophysiological recordings in premotor cortex of a rhesus macaque at rest and during performance of a behavioral reaching task. Once data were collected, we proceeded to evaluate neuronal responses across the NP probe shank to characterize changes in information processing across cortical depth during reach initiation.
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    A New Model for Acute Pain Management in Children: Examining Patient Characteristics and Potential Implications for Research and Practice
    (2021-05) Eull, Donna
    AbstractCurrent literature suggests that acute pain management in hospitalized children remains substandard, resulting in adverse physical, cognitive, and emotional effects for many children. Improvements to pediatric acute pain management require an updated conceptual model and validation of current assumptions from the literature. The purpose of the three studies in this dissertation was to advance the state of the science on acute pain management in hospitalized children through an updated conceptual model, a critical review of literature, and analysis of pain management data from a children's hospital. The new acute pain management model transforms the role of the nurse from gatekeeper to facilitator in genuine partnership with children and families. The critical review of the literature suggested that differences in medication type and frequency for acute pain are associated with children’s sex and race/ethnicity, however study limitations make it difficult to draw meaningful conclusions about potential disparities in acute pain management for children. Findings from a retrospective chart review suggested no differences by sex, race/ethnicity, or limited English proficiency (LEP) in the average number of pain assessments, medication by weight, or outcomes. The results from this study may indicate progress in the management of acute pain in hospitalized children, as children in this study demonstrated average pain intensity scores which typically indicate mild, well-controlled pain. Replication of this study in other hospitals is needed to determine organizational effects on pain outcomes. Future research should also focus on identifying the components needed to establish genuine partnerships with patients and families and the potential influence of parents on effective pain management.
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    There is no good evidence for or against the effectiveness of over-the-counter medications in acute cough.
    (2010-07-21) Miller, Ben
    Over-the-counter cough suppressants and expectorants are frequently recommended by physicians to treat acute cough and have been widely used by symptomatic patients for decades. However, there continues to be little data to support their efficacy, and more studies are needed to evaluate their effectiveness.