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Browsing by Subject "United States. -- Advanced Research Projects Agency. -- Information Processing Techniques Office"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 23
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    Oral history interview with Allen Newell
    (Charles Babbage Institute, 1991-06) Newell, Allen
    Newell discusses his entry into computer science, funding for computer science departments and research, the development of the Computer Science Department at Carnegie Mellon University, and the growth of the computer science and artificial intelligence research communities. Newell describes his introduction to computers through his interest in organizational theory and work with Herb Simon and the Rand Corporation. He discusses early funding of university computer research through the National Institutes of Health and the National Institute of Mental Health. He recounts the creation of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) under J. C. R. Licklider. Newell recalls the formation of the Computer Science Department at Carnegie Mellon and the work of Alan J. Perlis and Raj Reddy. He describes the early funding initiatives of the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA) and the work of Burt Green, Robert Cooper, and Joseph Traub. Newell discusses George Heilmeier's attempts to cut back artificial intelligence, especially speech recognition, research. He compares research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Stanford's Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and Computer Science Department with work done at Carnegie Mellon. Newell concludes the interview with a discussion of the creation of the ARPANET and a description of the involvement of the research community in influencing ARPA personnel and initiatives.
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    Oral history interview with Bruce G. Buchanan
    (Charles Babbage Institute, 1991-06) Buchanan, Bruce G.
    Buchanan describes his work in artificial intelligence, the development of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Laboratory and the artificial intelligence (AI) community, and the role of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) of the Advanced Research projects Agency (later the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) in AI research. Buchanan describes the work of Ed Feigenbaum, Josh Lederburg, Wes Churchman and Les Ernest at Stanford. He discusses the changes in AI funding, including developing additional NIH funding, with the Mansfield amendment which stipulated defense supported research should have defense applications. Buchanan concludes with a comparison of artificial intelligence and computer science development.
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    Oral history interview with Charles Herzfeld
    (Charles Babbage Institute, 1990-08-06) Herzfeld, Charles
    After a brief discussion of his professional career at the Naval Research Laboratory and the National Bureau of Standards, the interview turns to programs in and administration of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). Herzfeld describes his tasks as program director of the Defender program and his interactions with different management levels at the Department of Defense. The major portion of the interview is a discussion of his knowledge of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) program and his interaction with IPTO personnel.
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    Oral history interview with Edward Feigenbaum
    (Charles Babbage Institute, 1989-03-03) Feigenbaum, Edward A.
    Feigenbaum begins the interview with a description of his initial recruitment by ARPA in 1964 to work on a time-sharing system at Berkeley and his subsequent move to Stanford in 1965 to continue to do ARPA-sponsored research in artificial intelligence. The bulk of the interview is concerned with his work on AI at Stanford from 1965 to the early 1970s and his impression of the general working relationship between the IPT Office at ARPA and the researchers at Stanford. He discusses how this relationship changed over time under the various IPT directorships and the resulting impact it had on their AI research. The interview also includes a general comparison of ARPA with other funding sources available to AI researchers, particularly in terms of their respective funding amounts, criteria for allocation, and management style. This interview was recorded as part of a research project on the influence of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) on the development of computer science in the United States.
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    Oral history interview with Fernando J. Corbató
    (Charles Babbage Institute, 1990-11-14) Corbató, F. J.
    Corbató discusses computer science research, especially time-sharing, at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Topics in the first session include: Phil Morse and the establishment of the Computation Center, Corbató's management of the Computation Center, the development of the WHIRLWIND computer, John McCarthy and research on time-sharing, cooperation between International Business Machines (IBM) and MIT, and J. C. R. Licklider and the development of Project MAC. Topics in the second session include: time-sharing, the development of MULTICS by the General Electric (GE) Computer Division, IBM's reaction to MIT working with GE, the development of CTSS, the development of UNIX in cooperation with Bell Labs, interaction with the Information Processing Techniques Office of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, interaction with Honeywell after they purchased GE's Computer Division, and the transformation of Project MAC into the Laboratory for Computer Science.
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    Oral history interview with Frank Heart
    (Charles Babbage Institute, 1990-03-13) Heart, Frank
    Following a brief overview of his fifteen years of experience at Lincoln Laboratory (including work on Whirlwind and SAGE), Heart describes his move to Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN) and how he became involved with the ARPA network project. As the manager of the project at BBN for over ten years, Heart discusses his relationships with the group at BBN, DARPA and Lawrence Roberts, and the host community. Some of the problems encountered and surprises in the development of the network are addressed by Heart, as are the changes he has seen in DARPA over the years of his involvement with them. This interview was recorded as part of a research project on the influence of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) on the development of computer science in the United States.
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    Oral history interview with Howard Frank
    (Charles Babbage Institute, 1990-03-30) Frank, Howard
    The interview begins with a discussion of Frank's background in networking, including his education, work in the Office of Emergency Preparedness, and founding of the Network Analysis Corporation. Frank then describes his work on the ARPANET, including his interaction with Roberts and the IPT Office, relationship with BBN and Leonard Kleinrock, and work on other network-related projects. The interview concludes with some general comments about IPTO as a government agency.
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    Oral history interview with Ivan Sutherland
    (Charles Babbage Institute, 1989-05-01) Sutherland, Ivan Edward, 1938-
    Following a brief overview of his background, Sutherland describes his tenure as head of the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) from 1963 to 1965. He discusses the existing programs as established by J. C. R. Licklider, his interaction with the research community, the budget, and the new initiatives started while he was there: projects in graphics and networking, the ILLIAC IV, and the Macromodule program. Other topics covered include: the difficulties of getting qualified people into the office, the impact of IPTO's funding in artificial intelligence, and the review process. This interview was recorded as part of a research project on the influence of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) on the development of computer science in the United States.
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    Oral history interview with J. C. R. Licklider
    (Charles Babbage Institute, 1988-10-28) Licklider, J. C. R.
    Licklider, the first director of the Advanced Research Projects Agency's (ARPA) Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO), discusses his work at Lincoln Laboratory and IPTO. Topics include: personnel recruitment; the interrelations between the various Massachusetts Institute of Technology laboratories; Licklider's relationship with Bolt, Beranek, and Newman; the work of ARPA director Jack Ruina; IPTO's influence of computer science research in the areas of interactive computing and timesharing; the ARPA contracting process; the work of Ivan Sutherland.
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    Oral history interview with Jack Bonnell Dennis
    (Charles Babbage Institute, 1989-10-31) Dennis, Jack B. (Jack Bonnell); O'Neill, Judy E.
    Dennis describes his educational background and work in time-sharing computer systems at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). The interview focuses on time-sharing. Dennis discusses the TX0 computer at MIT, the work of John McCarthy on time-sharing, and the influence of the Information Processing Techniques Office of the Advanced Research Projects Agency (later the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency) on the development of time-sharing. Dennis also recalls the competition between various firms, including Digital Equipment Corporation, General Electric, Burroughs, and International Business Machines, to manufacture time-sharing systems. He describes the development of MULTICS at General Electric.
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    Oral history interview with Jack P. Ruina
    (Charles Babbage Institute, 1989-04-20) Ruina, Jack
    The interview is mainly concerned with the beginning of the Information Processing Techniques Office within ARPA. The following issues were discussed: the initial goals, how the idea of an information processing program was initiated, the selection of the first director, and the working relation Ruina had as the Director of ARPA from 1961-1963 with the Director of the computing program.
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    Oral history interview with John McCarthy
    (Charles Babbage Institute, 1989-03-02) McCarthy, John, 1927-
    McCarthy begins this interview with a discussion of the initial establishment and development of time-sharing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the role he played in it. He then describes his subsequent move to Stanford in 1962 and the beginnings of his work in artificial intelligence (AI) funded by the Advanced Research Projects Agency. This work developed in two general directions: logic-based AI (LISP) and robotics. In the main section of the interview McCarthy discusses his view of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency's (DARPA) role in the support of AI research in the U.S. in general and at Stanford in particular. He specifically addresses the following issues: the relative importance of DARPA funding in comparison to other public and private sources, requirements and procedures undertaken to obtain DARPA funds, and changes over time in levels of support and requirements from DARPA. McCarthy concludes this interview with a brief description of the AI Laboratory at Stanford and his continued work on AI (funded by DARPA) with the Formal Reasoning Group.
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    Oral history interview with Jules I. Schwartz
    (Charles Babbage Institute, 1989-04-07) Schwartz, Jules I.
    Schwartz worked for the Rand Corporation on various defense related projects: SAGE and JOHNNIAC in particular. When Rand organized the System Development Corporation, Schwartz went to the new company. For most of the interview, Schwartz describes his association with SAGE, his part in the computer laboratory work on timesharing for the AN/FSQ-32 computer, computer networks, control system projects (such as TDMS), and his interactions with ARPA personnel, including J. C. R. Licklider, Lawrence G. Roberts, and Robert S. Taylor. He discusses his later position at Computer Sciences Corporation. This interview was recorded as part of a research project on the influence of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) on the development of computer science in the United States.
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    Oral history interview with Keith W. Uncapher
    (Charles Babbage Institute, 1989-07-10) Uncapher, Keith W.
    The interview begins with a review of projects at RAND when Uncapher was hired in 1950. He discusses some of the projects he was involved in or had managerial responsibility for through the early 1970s, such as JOHNNIAC, JOSS, a survivable national network, GRAIL (GRAphical Interactive Language), and some work related to the ARPANET. The formation of Information Sciences Institute (ISI), funded by DARPA, is described, as well as some of the work ISI did for DARPA/IPTO. The interview ends with Uncapher's general observations on how DARPA and IPTO have changed over his years as a contractor. This interview was recorded as part of a research project on the influence of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) on the development of computer science in the United States.
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    Oral history interview with Lawrence G. Roberts
    (Charles Babbage Institute, 1989-04-04) Roberts, Lawrence G.
    Roberts, Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) Director from 1968-1973 and later chief operating officer of Network Express, begins by discussing his own research in computer science and the development of computing at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Lincoln Laboratory. The interview focuses on IPTO and the Advanced Research Projects Agency. Much of Roberts description of the work of ARPA and IPTO is set within the context of his interactions with Congress on budget matters. Topics include: J. C. R. Licklider, Ivan Sutherland, Steve Lukasik, Wesley Clark, ARPA and IPTO support of research in computer science, computer networks, and artificial intelligence, the ARPANET, the involvement of universities with ARPA and IPTO.
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    Oral history interview with R. W. Taylor
    (Charles Babbage Institute, 1989-02-28) Taylor, R. W. (Robert William), 1932-
    Following a brief description of his academic and professional background before joining ARPA, Taylor describes his impression of the IPT Office when he arrived in 1965. Most of the interview is concerned with the IPT Office under Taylor's tenure as Director from 1966 to 1969. The major issues he discusses are: his understanding of the overall mission of the IPT Office at that time; the working relationship between IPTO and the Director of ARPA; the effect of external events, such as the Viet Nam war, on IPTO; how the budget process operated; what general areas of research were funded by IPTO; how IPTO compared to other government agencies in its funding of research in computer science; what sort of relationship the IPT Office maintained with its various contractors; and finally, how Taylor's successor was recruited to head the IPT Office. The interview ends with Taylor's general observations on how IPTO and ARPA have changed since their early years.
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    Oral history interview with Robert E. Kahn
    (Charles Babbage Institute, 1990-04-24) Kahn, Robert E.
    The interview focuses on Kahn's role in the development of computer networking from 1967 through the early 1980s. Beginning with his work at Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN), Kahn discusses his involvement as the ARPANET proposal was being written, his decision to become active in the implementation of the network, and his role in the public demonstration of the ARPANET. The interview continues into Kahn's involvement with networking when he moves to IPTO in 1972, where he was responsible for the administrative and technical evolution of the ARPANET, including programs in packet radio, the development of a new network protocol (TCP/IP), and the switch to TCP/IP to connect multiple networks. This interview was recorded as part of a research project on the influence of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) on the development of computer science in the United States.
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    Oral history interview with Robert M. Fano
    (Charles Babbage Institute, 1989-04-20) Fano, Robert M.
    Fano discusses his move to computer science from information theory and his interaction with the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA). Topics include: computing research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT); the work of J. C. R. Licklider at the Information Processing Techniques Office of ARPA; time-sharing and computer networking research; Project MAC; computer science education; CTSS development; System Development Corporation (SDC); the development of ARPANET; and a comparison of ARPA, National Science Foundation, and Office of Naval Research computer science funding.
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    Oral history interview with Severo Ornstein
    (Charles Babbage Institute, 1990-03-06) Ornstein, Severo
    Ornstein describes his experience at Lincoln Laboratory which included work on the SAGE, TX2 and LINC computers. He discusses his involvement with the LINC project, including its move to Washington University, and the later work there on DARPA/IPTO sponsored macromodule project. As the principal hardware designer of the Interface Message Processor (IMP) for the ARPANET, Ornstein describes the IMP design work at Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN), the working environment of the group at BBN, his relationship with Lawrence Roberts, his interactions with Honeywell, and his work on the Pluribus multi-processor IMP. Ornstein also discusses the contributions of Wesley Clark and Norman Abramson, his involvement with the Computer Professionals for Social Responsibility, and his views on artificial intelligence and time-sharing. This interview was recorded as part of a research project on the influence of the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) on the development of computer science in the United States.
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    Oral history interview with Stephen Lukasik
    (Charles Babbage Institute, 1991-10-17) Lukasik, Stephen
    Lukasik discusses his tenure at the Advanced Research Projects Agency (ARPA), later the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA). The interview focuses on the Information Processing Techniques Office (IPTO) of ARPA. Topics include: the work of Eb Rechtin, the development of computer networks and the ARPANET, artificial intelligence research, the recruitment of IPTO directors, the effect of the Mansfield amendment--which specified research should be relevant to the military--on IPTO and ARPA funding, the grant process, and the development of ILLIAC. Lukasik concludes the interview with a discussion of the name change from ARPA to DARPA.