Browsing by Subject "Underground"
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Item Accessibility and the choice of network investments in the London underground(2014-08) Giacomin, David J.In 1863, the Metropolitan Railway of what came to be known as the London Underground successfully opened as the world's first subway. Its high ridership spawned interest in additional links. Entrepreneurs secured funding and then proposed new lines to Parliament for approval, though only a portion were actually approved. While putative rail barons may have conducted some economic analysis, the final decision lay with Parliament, which did not have available modern transportation economic or geographic analysis tools. How good were the decisions that Parliament made in approving Underground Lines? This paper explores the role accessibility played on the decision to approve or reject proposed early London Tube Schemes.Item An Examination of the Potential to Reduce the Cost of an Underground LRT Alignment through Geologic Planning and Technological Innovation: Phase I(1987-09) American Underground-Space AssociationThe question of whether Twin Cities Metropolitan Region transportation needs should be served by fixed rail transit has been debated for many years. It appears that the issue may be approaching resolution as a result of the formation of the Regional Transit Board (RTB) and recent activity on the part of Hennepin County in forming a Regional Rail Authority and moving ahead with planning activity. Some important questions about light rail (LRT), such as the capacity of the system, are being answered, but others are not resolved. One of these is whether to site portions of a light rail system underground. While many decisionmakers endorse the worth of an underground alignment in at least the most densely developed urban areas, the cost versus benefit to construct underground versus a surface alignment has been an important factor.Item Montréal’s roots: Exploring the growth of Montréal’s Indoor City(J, 2011) El-Geneidy, Ahmed; Kastelberger, Lisa; Abdelhamid, HatemIndoor pedestrian pathways are increasingly common in cities worldwide. Montréal’s Indoor City is one of the most expansive indoor pedestrian networks in the world, extending for more than 32 kilometers (19.88 miles) and covering an area of twelve square kilometers (4.6 square miles) in the city’s downtown. The benefits associated with the growth of Montréal’s indoor network are numerous, including: improved access throughout the downtown; shorter pedestrian walking distances; year-round climate protection; and increased amounts of public spaces. The research described in this paper examines the historical growth of Montréal’s Indoor City, with the aim of exploring the factors that caused its rapid growth. Specifically, changes in pedestrian access to retail space over time are modeled in a geographic information system to highlight major phases in the growth of the network. This research develops a theoretical framework, constructs a comprehensive time sequence describing the growth of the Indoor City’s pedestrian network, and interprets the results to convey the lessons learned from Montréal’s planning policies towards the Indoor City. The results of this research suggest that a series of plans and administrative policies adopted by the City of Montréal over the past 45 years have had a significant impact on the growth of the Indoor City. At the same time, it is also clear that access to retail and public transit (especially the underground metro lines), as well as a loophole in the Montréal legislative system, have had significant effects on the growth of the Indoor City.