Browsing by Subject "Turkey"

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B-G gene structure, genetic variation and expression in the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo) major histocompatibility complex
(2013-02) Bauer, Miranda Marie
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) is a genomic region encoding for genes with various immune functions in vertebrates. Although this region has been studied extensively in humans, mice and agriculturally important species such as cattle, horses and chickens, the organization and functional significance of the turkey MHC is relatively unknown. One set of loci located in the avian MHC, designated as B-G genes, have been identified and sequenced within the B-locus of the turkey, chicken and quail, with additional B-G loci identified in the extended MHC of the latter two species. These genes are linked to the class I and class II loci of the MHC and also show regions of extreme polymorphism (Miller, 1984). The total number, function and significance of the B-G genes are yet unknown in any bird species. In turkeys, three B-G genes were previously sequenced within the B-locus (Chaves et al., 2009a), with evidence suggesting additional functional B-G genes located past the 5' ends of the sequenced MHC region. Evidence in the chicken shows differential expression of B-G genes in various immune tissues, which suggests potential immune function. This research used 454 FLX Next Generation Sequencing technology (Roche) for sequencing a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) and identified two additional B-G genes located past the 5' end of the core B-locus of the turkey. These genes were annotated using in silico analysis and show organization similar to those in the chicken and quail. Using this information, sequence variation of the B-G genes was compared in different stocks of turkeys. Because each of the three groups, (commercial, heritage and wild), have been selected for different characteristics, variation within these loci was expected. This experiment found variation among loci within the three groups of turkeys. Lastly, B-G gene expression was investigated with quantitative real-time PCR using liver tissue of aflatoxin challenged birds. A low level of expression was observed for three of the four BG genes investigated, with BG5 expression invariant in all individuals across treatment groups. BG4 expression levels fluctuated within and between groups and a higher level of expression was measured in the lactobacillus + aflatoxin group. This work extended the turkey B-locus sequence past the homologous region in the chicken and marks the first examination of sequence variation and gene expression of multiple B-G genes in any species. Sequence variation and expression differences among loci support a hypothesis of distinct functions for these molecules.
Between abandonment and adoption: the value of E-valu-ation for Turkey's Educational Decision Making
(2014-06) Cakici, Hanife
This dissertation examines the value of evaluation for Turkey's educational decision making. Relying on individual interviews and document review, the study analyzes how key stakeholders - government officials, academics, and civil society representatives - and governmental acts envision and portray the role and utility of evaluation for public decision making specifically in the education sector. Drawing on social science literature from the fields of evaluation, comparative education, public policy, and international development, this study addresses the need to decolonize the concept and practice of evaluation, as this trans-disciplinary field is rapidly cutting across geographic, historic, social, and cultural borders. This study revisits the origins of evaluation practice in the global Northern context, traces its expansion into the global South across a number of sites, and argues that context matters in transferring, borrowing, negotiating, establishing, practicing, and using the concept and practice of evaluation. Evidence for this study's conclusions comes from Turkey's relatively immature history with evaluation in the education decision domain. Motivated by the desire to become one of the top ten largest economies in the world by 2023, Turkey's rapid development underlined educational achievement and growth as the roadmap. This quest necessitated a specific form of educational governance and decision making driven by the principles of effectiveness and efficiency. At the heart of these principles, monitoring and evaluation (M&E) has long lain as a tool of accountability, learning, and improvement, in which Turkey's entire public administrative culture has historically lagged behind. In response to this immaturity, supranational authorities and international donors have provided financial and technical impetus for locating M&E systems, practice, and information in the Turkish education decision domain. Coupled with the country's official drive for modernization, international actors, to a great extent, paved the way to legal arrangements for streamlining evaluation. Specifically, the Green Paper published after the European Union's "Strengthening the Capacity of the Ministry of National Education Project" later became the conceptual foundation for Decree No. 652 that helped establish M&E units at the Ministry for the first time in Turkey's educational history. Despite all these efforts, the study reveals that evaluation remains as a new concept that is closely associated with quantification, performance-based budgeting, and compliance. Evaluation's value mostly resides in its symbolic representation of modern norms of governance to which Turkey eagerly wants to commit. Yet, reported confusion about what evaluation really entails, as a concept and as a field of practice, is paired with highly centralized and politically polarized educational governance, all together situating evaluation in foster care in Turkey: it is neither fully adopted, nor is it completely abandoned. Adopting a constructivist-critical outlook on the role of evaluation in the global South, this study endeavors to locate this field of practice in the broader context of international development with its negotiated margins, borders, and struggles. By suggesting that evaluation is a marker of a country's quest to modernize and Westernize, this study sheds light on the direction of cross-cultural expansion of the field of evaluation.
Development of a recombinant avian Metapneumovirus (rAMPV)
(2010-04) Huang, Haoliang
Abstract summary not available
Effects of low pathogenicity avian influenza on turkey breeding flocks and immune evaluation of an H1N2 DNA vaccine
(2024-11) Studniski, Marissa
Low pathogenicity avian influenza (LPAI) viruses can have substantial negative effects on egg production in turkey breeding flocks. Despite vaccination, turkey breeding hens continue to face disease associated with LPAI. Additionally, detecting a measurable immune response post-vaccination using traditional IAV killed vaccines has been challenging. In the present study, a plasmid-based DNA vaccine expressing the HA gene of an H1N2 LPAI virus in addition with immunostimulatory genes was developed and evaluated in turkeys. Turkeys were challenged with an H1N2 virus to determine the protective efficacy of the vaccine. Virus was neither detected in the birds post challenge by RT-PCR of oropharyngeal swabs nor were antibodies detected by ELISA from their sera. In conclusion, our study suggests DNA vaccine technology may be a good alternative to the currently administered autogenous vaccine, but due to the lack of a challenge model we were unable to properly evaluate immune efficacy of the vaccine.
Evaluating on-farm sampling strategies and corresponding gas emission estimation methods for livestock and poultry barns
(2022-08) Soriano, Noelle Cielito
The need for gas emission research is driven by multiple stakeholders to address avariety of concerns and priorities that stem from environmental, human, and animal impacts of gas emissions from barns. In this work, I first provide background on the mechanism of gas emission from these systems and an overview of emission estimation strategies in the literature. This is followed by a presentation of two thesis projects, which demonstrate outcomes and challenges related to different emission estimation strategies. In the first project, I investigate airflow patterns and estimate ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions using a multi-airspace model for a naturally ventilated deep-pit cattle barn, with discrete gas concentration data. The second project uses a mass balance approach to estimate volatile solids (VS) losses and NH3 emissions from a naturally ventilated poultry barn based on material flows in and out of a barn. Each estimation strategy is evaluated based on the practicality of the sampling approach in specific housing styles, and whether emission estimates are comparable to current emission estimation methods for each system. Findings from these two projects show that, ultimately, there will always be limitations to the various available emission estimation strategies, particularly related to in-barn sample collection. Understanding the appropriate application of each of these approaches is important when selecting an emission estimation approach that will allow researchers to obtain representative emission estimates from a variety of livestock and poultry systems.
Fragile Energy: Power, Nature, And The Politics Of Infrastructure In The ‘New Turkey’
(2016-08) Erensü, Sinan
This dissertation provides a reading of political power in twenty-first century Turkey through the lens of (energy) infrastructures. By tracing the country’s bourgeoning energy infrastructures along their material, legal and financial dimensions, I examine energy’s ability to do political work and securing societal consent in Turkey, at a time when the idea of development is being privatized and the challenge of climate change encounters the country’s growing energy deficit. Relying on ethnographic and other qualitative methods collected along the path of energy infrastructures—including corridors of the bureaucracy, investment banks, construction sites, ribbon-cutting ceremonies, energy expos, local courthouses as well as electricity grids and hydropower penstocks—I argue that energy has played an under-recognized yet influential role in the establishment and sustenance of an authoritarian neoliberal experience, what is being dubbed by its founders, the ‘new Turkey’. Rather than collapsing the power harnessed from energy resources with political power, I introduce energy as a form of governmental rationality in the new Turkey that seeps into other realms of government from urban governance to counter-terrorism. The prowess of this emergent rationality, which I name as energorationality, stems from energy’s unique qualities in bringing center and periphery, urban and countryside, capital and commons together, from its ability to suture a variety of unlikely actors, policies, and ideas to each other. By examining grassroots mobilizations struggling against energy infrastructures in Turkey’s rural Eastern Black Sea Region (EBSR), I also discuss the fragility of energorationality. Mining disasters, unexpected droughts, unreliable projections, unruly villagers and urban riots, put delicate project cycles into disarray. I illustrate throughout the dissertation how energy infrastructures—small hydropower plants (small hydro, or SHP) in particular—, cause unexpected cracks as well as powerful sociopolitical alliances while converting uncharted rural and environmental settings into energy landscapes.
Hepatotoxic and Immunomodulatory Transcriptome Responses to Aflatoxin B1 in the Turkey (Meleagris gallopavo)
(2015-05) Monson, Melissa
Hepatoxicity and immunotoxicity from dietary exposure to aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) adversely affect poultry health and production. Domestic turkeys (Meleagris gallopavo) are especially sensitive to AFB1 since they have a deficiency in glutathione-mediated detoxification of the reactive AFB1 intermediate. Changes in gene expression can be used to characterize the molecular mechanisms of toxicity; transcriptome analysis allows investigation of differential expression at the genome-wide level. In this research, Illumina RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) was used to examine transcriptome responses to AFB1 exposure in the turkey. As the liver is the primary site of AFB1 activation and toxicity, the effects of dietary AFB1 on the domestic turkey liver transcriptome was first investigated by sequencing 4 pooled libraries representing 3 individuals for each of 4 treatment groups. As detailed in Chapter 2, predicted transcripts were de novo assembled and differential expression analysis identified significant effects on transcripts from genes involved in apoptosis, cell cycle regulation and lipid metabolism (like E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2 and lipoprotein lipase). In Chapter 3, RNA-seq and de novo transcriptome assembly were performed on 3 individual spleen samples per treatment group (n = 12) collected from the same AFB1 challenge trial. Significant down-regulation of antimicrobial genes (like beta-defensin 1) and up-regulation of cytotoxic and antigen presentation genes (such as granzyme A) were observed after AFB1 treatment. Another aspect of these studies was to evaluate the ability of a Lactobacillus-based dietary probiotic to reduce AFB1-effects in the liver and spleen. Addition of probiotics during AFB1 exposure modulated expression in both tissues. Many AFB1-induced expression changes were not mitigated in liver, and although probiotics had some amelioratory effects in the spleen, they were also broadly suppressive of immune genes. Multiple genes impacted in the spleen transcriptome belonged to the Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC), a region of the genome with genes essential to immune functions. The functions and expression patterns of many of the genes located in the turkey MHC have not been characterized. A single-gene investigation (Chapter 4) characterized expression patterns of 29 MHC genes in the domestic turkey and provided first evidence for expression of B-butyrophilin 2 in muscle tissue. Understanding these expression profiles will help determine MHC gene functions and provide background for expression changes from immunological challenges like AFB1. Unlike the domestic turkey, Eastern wild turkeys (M. g. silvestris) are more resistant to aflatoxicosis due at least in part to their ability to detoxify AFB1. In Chapter 5, an in ovo exposure model was utilized to directly compare the effects of AFB1 exposure in domestic and wild turkey embryos. Embryonic exposure has applicability to poultry production since AFB1 can be maternally transferred into eggs. RNA-seq datasets from embryonic liver tissue in domestic (n = 24) and wild (n =15) turkeys were mapped to a MAKER turkey gene set. Differential expression and pathway analysis identified conserved effects on cell cycle regulators (like E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase Mdm2) and variable effects in genes encoding detoxifying and anti-oxidant enzymes (like glutathione S-transferases) in domestic and wild turkeys. Overall, transcriptome analysis identified hepatic and splenic responses to AFB1, evaluated the use of probiotics, directly compared domestic and wild turkeys, and provided gene targets for future investigation of the molecular mechanisms of aflatoxicosis.
Immunopathogenesis of avian metapneumovirus in the Turkeys
(2009-09) Cha, Ra Mi
Avian metapneumovirus subtype C (aMPV/C) causes a severe upper respiratory tract (URT) disease in turkeys. The disease is characterized by viral replication and extensive lymphoid cell infiltrations in the URT. The identity of infiltrating cells and their possible involvement in the immunopathogenesis of the disease are not known. The role of local mucosal immunity in viral defense has not been examined for aMPV/C. The overall objective of the study was to examine the immunopathogenesis of aMPV/C in ovo and hatched turkeys, with emphasis on the involvement of local mucosal immunity in viral defense. Three specific objectives were pursued. First, the immune cells, especially mucosal T cells that infiltrate the URT of turkeys following aMPV/C exposure were characterized. Two-week-old aMPV/C antibody-free turkeys were inoculated oculonasally (O/N) with live aMPV/C. At 5 and 7 days post inoculation (DPI), lymphoid cells infiltrating the mucosal lining of the turbinates of the virus-exposed and untreated control turkeys were isolated by enzymatic treatment. In the URT, aMPV/C exposure increased the proportion of CD8+ T cells but not of CD4+ T cells. In addition, CD8 gene expression was upregulated after virus exposure whereas CD4 gene expression remained unchanged. At 5 and 7 DPI, aMPV/C-exposed turkeys showed upregulated gene expression of IFN-gamma and IL-10 in the turbinate tissue. These results suggested that aMPV/C modulated local cellular immunity in the URT of turkeys. Secondly, the ability of an adjuvanted inactivated aMPV/C (Ad-iaMPV/C) inoculated by the respiratory route to induce protective mucosal immunity in the URT was examined. aMPV/C antibody-free turkeys were inoculated via the O/N route with inactivated virus adjuvanted with synthetic double-stranded RNA polyriboinosinic polyribocytidylic acid (Poly IC). Ad-iaMPV/C immunized turkeys showed an increased number of mucosal IgA+ cells in the URT and increased levels of virus-specific IgG and IgA in the lachrymal fluid and serum. After 7 or 21 days post immunization, turkeys were challenged with pathogenic aMPV/C via the O/N route. Turkeys immunized with Ad-iaMPV/C were protected against microscopic lesions and the replication of the challenge virus in the URT. These observations revealed that inactivated aMPV/C administered by the respiratory route induced protective immunity against challenge with the pathogenic virus. As the last objective, we studied the immunopathogensis and protective immunity of aMPV/C in turkeys following in ovo exposure. aMPV/C was inoculated into commercial aMPV/C antibody-free turkey eggs via the amniotic route at embyronation day (ED) 24. Hatchability of eggs was not affected by the virus inoculation. At the day of hatch (ED 28) (4DPI) and 5 days post hatch (9DPI), the virus genome was detected by qRT-PCR in the turbinate, trachea and lung but not in the thymus or the spleen. Turbinate mucosa had mild lymphoid cell infiltration, and there were no detectable lesions in the lung. Spleen cells and thymus cells from virus-exposed turkeys responded poorly to T cell mitogens. In addition, IFN-gamma and IL-10 gene expression was increased in the turbinate tissue of virus-exposed turkeys. In ovo virus exposure increased the levels of aMPV/C-specific IgG in the serum and the lachrymal fluid. At 3 weeks of age, the in ovo immunized turkeys were protected against a challenge with pathogenic aMPV/C. These data indicated that in ovo vaccination may be used in turkeys to control aMPV/C.
Light turkey syndrome: field study and inoculation trial.
(2012-07) Calvert, Alamanda Joy
Light Turkey Syndrome (LTS) is characterized by lower than expected body weights of tom turkey flocks at market. Turkey producers have taken notice of LTS over the last five years. During brooding from two to three weeks of age is when weight gains begin to fall below what had previously been achieved. Speculation suggests that lighter poults are experiencing a different set of factors than the heavier weight poults in commercial flocks. The hypothesis for the field study was that poults from two weight groups (heavy and light) would have different histopathology scores for the intestine and immune tissue, different pathogens present and different xylose absorption. The objective of the inoculation trial was to determine if inoculated poults raised in research settings would exhibit similar attributes as the poults from the field study. In addition to the factors that had been looked at for the field study; weight gain, feed intake and feed conversion data were also determined. In both studies gut contents was collected for analysis by multiplex RT-PCR for astrovirus, rotavirus, reovirus and by culture methods for Salmonella, Campylobacter, E. coli and total plate counts for aerobic, anaerobic, lactobacilli and heterofermentative lactobacilli. Intestinal tissue was collected for scoring of heterophilic and lymphocytic infiltrates and select immune tissue was also scored. Xylose absorption was measured in plasma samples at zero and 60 minutes post gavage. Samples were collected at one, two and three weeks of age in the field study from four MN commercial flocks, two ND commercial flocks and two MN research flocks. Samples were collected at 14 days of age (seven days post inoculation) in the inoculation trial. For both studies more differences were seen between the different flocks than between the heavy and light weight groups. Salmonella and astrovirus were found in all flocks in the field study but reovirus was only found in two of the MN commercial flocks. In the field study histological differences were seen between weight groups with two flocks having an increased acute immune response in the light weight and heavy poults in all flocks showing increased lymphocytes in the intestinal tissue. For immune tissue lymphocytic necrosis and atrophy of the bursa were present in more light weight poults than heavy weight poults. Xylose absorption was increased in heavy weight poults in three of the commercial flocks when compared to light weight poults. In the inoculation trial control poults had the best weight gain and feed conversion with poults gavaged with the inoculums from commercial flocks having the worst. Heterophilic infiltrates were the highest in the control poults and lymphocytic infiltrates were highest in the light weight poults. Lymphocytic necrosis was found in more of the light weight poults. No differences were seen in xylose absorption between the heavy, light and control groups in the inoculation trial. Light turkey syndrome cannot be easily defined by a specific pathogen’s presence though a few different pathogens may likely play a role in the reduced weight gain seen in LTS poults. Histologically the gut and immune tissue indicate active immune responses that are decreasing the amount of nutrients available for growth of the bird. Nutrient absorption only appears to be negatively affected if the poult is actively showing signs of disease.
The major histocompatibility complex of the turkey.
(2010-05) Chaves, Lee D.
The ability to identify between self and foreign pathogens is a key function of the vertebrate immune system. To achieve this, vertebrates have developed complex genetic and epigenetic mechanisms to provide sufficient variability to respond to continuously evolving pathogens or transformed cells they face. One of these systems is the large and highly polymorphic major histocompatibility complex (MHC), responsible for the presentation of endogenous and exogenous peptide antigens to T cells. The degree of polymorphism, number of gene copies, and the co-dominant expression of genes of the mammalian MHC allows for a great number possible antigens to be presented. Compared to mammals, the chicken MHC (MHC-B) is greatly condensed, containing the major histocompatibility antigens in a region of just 50 kb with a reduction in gene copy numbers and a lack of co-dominant expression. In addition to the MHC-B, the chicken has a second MHC-like region (MHC-Y) located on the same microchromosome as B yet it is genetically unlinked. The work presented in this dissertation physically and genetically maps the homologous MHC regions in the turkey and identifies genes within these regions. Further work surveyed the polymorphism content within commercial and wild turkeys. A final study assayed the genome-wide diversity of the individual from which the MHC was sequenced to determine the appropriateness of this source DNA for whole genome sequencing. These data provide helpful background information to advance turkey whole genome sequencing and develops genomic resources for the study of the effect of MHC alleles on the outcome of pathogenic infections in the turkey
Minnesota Turkey Research 1978
(Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, 1978) University of Minnesota. Agricultural Experiment Station
Minnesota Turkey Research 1984
(Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station, 1984)
My Wife, My Choice: Reproductive Policymaking and Social Control in Turkey
(2015-09) Binnet, Pelin Azer
Looking at the trajectory of Turkish reproductive politics since the 1960s in three distinct periods, this study examines the mismatch between liberal legal reforms, and the lack of change in the gendered reproductive and sexual discourses within a context. By using interpretive policy analysis and discourse analysis, I follow the reproductive policymaking narratives in Turkey to examine to understand how reproductive reforms can create mechanisms of social control over women – and how women and families circumvent these mechanisms in pragmatic ways in return. I make use of newspaper archives going back to the 1950s and Parliament debate transcripts to understand what different reproductive technologies meant for the policymakers and the public, why certain technologies were legalized while others were not, what kinds of social norms the policymakers and the public expected these technologies to work within, and how the abortion debate changed in Turkey during the 2000s to re-politicize the issue after its “resolution” by the military government of early 1980s. I trace the evolution of reproductive policies along with the discursive creation of its constituents, and the discursive creation of the discriminatory gendered and economic rationalities they depend on.
National Democratic Institute: Political Party Program Country Context Analysis
(Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs, 2014-05-09) Diouf, Abdou; Khlebnikov, Alexey; Kawas, Rima; Shen, Xiaoyun
Of Conspiracies and Men: The Politics of Evil in Turkey
(2016-08) Altun, Murat
This project is an ethnographic study of the belief in conspiracy theories in Turkey; a growing conviction that an insider evil agent is stirring the harmony and unity of society. Based on fieldwork in Northeastern Turkey, where belief in conspiracy theories are prevalent and a folk festival of evil power expulsion is celebrated, this project asks: what are the cultural and historical roots of believing in conspiracy theories? Once religiously dominated by Christian Orthodox, Northeastern Turkey, in particular the Trabzon province, became the hotbed of suspicion of Christian and non-Muslim “others” in the mid-1990s—a suspicion that continues today. Portrayed as the propagators of deeds disrupting the community, these agents of conspiracies are inquired as to where they could be hidden (inside or outside the society) and how their actions could simultaneously be visible and secretive—creating a parallelism vis-à-vis the legitimate authority. I view this conspiratorial perspective on par with Trabzon’s costumed celebration of the New Year, called Kalandar—a theatrical reenactment of the expulsion of a monstrous evil being. Kalandar’s ambiguous origin, Greek or Turkish, animates the tensions within Trabzon’s ethnic and religious identity and provides the folkloric ground for the appeal of conspiracy theories. The resulting ethnography sheds light on the increasing references to conspiratorial powers in Turkish politics by drawing attention to the conspiratorial thinking in Trabzon, one of the strong voter bases of the governing Justice and Development Party (AKP). Kalandar, from its costumes and reenactments to its relation to historical religious conversions and state violence, provides a lens for its participants to interpret the concept of a nation that they imagine to be in constant defense of “insider conspiratorial” threats. This project contributes to the field of political anthropology through an ethnographic analysis of the belief in conspiracy theories, tracing its roots to folkloric expressions of the memory of past violence. This project further contributes to a novel understanding of xenophobia, not as the fear of an outsider imagined as a threat to the “nation”, but rather as a suspicion about a community’s imagination of itself that is reflected on others as evil conspirators.
One Nation, Two Languages: Latinization and Language Reform in Turkey and Azerbaijan, 1905-1938
(2021-05) Lummus, Wesley
This dissertation examines 20th-century Turkic Latinization, the process by which Turkic language reformers replaced the Perso-Arabic alphabet with the Latin-based New Turkish Alphabet, from a transnational perspective. Focusing on the Turkish and Soviet Azerbaijani cases, my work reconstructs the intellectual and nationalist networks that were forged across imperial and national boundaries and shaped the debates over language, modernization, and national identity in Turkey, Azerbaijan, and Central Asia. The ascendancy of Turkic Latinization, I argue, emerged with the rise of the Soviet and Kemalist states in the post-WWI period. These revolutionary states enacted far-reaching reforms to modernize all areas of life, and remake their respective societies in a Soviet or Kemalist mold. At the heart of both states’ political projects was language reform, which increasingly equated Latinization with reaching modernity. Though the Soviets and Kemalists ultimately envisioned different modernities, their language reforms of the Turkic language both drew from the same pool of Turcological and nationalist literature.
Preservation approaches conducted by foundations: a cross-cultural comparative analysis of Turkey and the United States
(2013-11) Disli, Gulsen
Cross-cultural comparative approaches have been used in the field of historic preservation mostly to make comparative analyses between Europe and the United States, yet to date there is not a specific cross-cultural study of the contributions of foundations to preservation field in Turkey and in the United States. Hence, this study examines foundation archives and case-study foundation deeds, official web sites of related organizations and a literature survey on the role of foundations in preservation aiming to fill this gap, at least partially. The parameters used as cross-cultural comparison are basic preservation terminologies, organizational structures, and historic preservation legislation. The major conclusion of the study is that the waqf system in Turkey, directed by governmental organization, does have certain organizational characteristics with deep-rooted historic, religious, and socio-cultural values differentiating it from foundations in the United States and there are certain transfer values of both countries to learn from each other.
Transcriptional Changes in the Breast Muscle of Thermally Challenged Turkey Poults
(2018-05) Barnes, Natalie
Thermal stress in poultry causes reduction in growth, impaired meat quality, and increased mortality. Growth selected and very young birds are especially susceptible. To investigate the transcriptional pathways involved in thermal stress we looked at the breast muscle (an economically important muscle group) of 1-day old turkey poults from a fast growth selected line and a related slow growing line. These young birds were brooded at one of 3 temperatures for 3 days: control (35°C), hot (39°C), or cold (31°C). RNA was isolated from the breast muscle after treatment and euthanasia. 28 libraries were sequenced for analysis (average 18 million reads per library). The reads were mapped to the current turkey genome assembly an analyzed for differential expression. As expected, the fast growing line responded differently to thermal stress than the slow growing line. It had a greater number of differentially expressed genes belonging to pathways that included: transcriptional control and ubiquitination. The slow growing line’s affected pathways were almost exclusively lipid metabolism There are no shared differentially expressed genes or pathways between the two lines. This divergence in response is highlighted by comparing the two lines at each temperature as well as there are more differentially expressed genes between the lines at the treatment temperatures than at the control temperature.
Turkey - Sustainable horticulture crop production
(2010-11-28) LaMere, Daniel

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