Browsing by Subject "Transit-oriented development"
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Item Accessibility-based Evaluation of Transit Projects(2016-08-01) Palmateer, Chelsey; Owen, Andrew; Levinson, David M; Ermagun, AlirezaThis study uses the accessibility-based evaluation method to unpack the interaction effect of transit oriented development and a new transit hub, using the San Francisco Transbay Transit Center Development Plan project. We reveal both the transit oriented development and transit changes positively affect accessibility to jobs and accessibility to workers. However, the magnitude of effects for the transit changes alone are minimal in comparison to the effects of the anticipated transit oriented development changes. This indicates that in areas where there already is transit service, the development of land near the transit service can have a greater impact on accessibility levels than the improvement of connections between transit services. We also unravel the increase in accessibility at the project-level and determine that the increase is greater than the sum of the contributions of the individual portions of the project. This demonstrates that transit changes and transit oriented development have a superadditive effect, although it is negligible in our case.Item Can Transit-Oriented Development Enhance Social Equity: Current State and Active Promotion of Equitable Transit-Oriented Development(2018-07) Guthrie, AndrewPromoting social equity is an important part of the purpose of public transit. However, social equity has historically played a much more minor role in transit-oriented development. High quality transit has been shown to increase station area property values and cause concerns about the displacement of low-income residents by high-income residents when the desirability of a neighborhood increases. In combination, these dynamics of transportation and real estate economics mean that transit-oriented development is often not a natural social equity promoter. This thesis examines equity implications of social and economic change in the areas surrounding newly implemented transit stations, as well as public sector efforts to promote equitable transit-oriented development. I employ a mixed-methods approach including quantitative and qualitative components. Building from the bid-rent and rent gap theories, I examine change in station area low-, medium- and high-wage working population and jobs as a function of transit mode and difference in accessibility in a national, longitudinal analysis. I also explore public efforts to promote equitable transit-oriented development in the context of Harvey’s concept of entrepreneurial urbanism though a series of in-depth interviews with senior program staff, taking an interpretivist approach focused on interviewees’ shared understandings of their work and current limitations to it. In the national, longitudinal analysis, I find significant in-migration of high-wage workers to station areas, but not of low- or medium-wage workers, significant gains of high-wage jobs and losses of low- and medium-wage jobs. In the interpretivist analysis, I find process of equitable transit-oriented development promotion to be sharply constrained by current urban governance structures and relationships to the private sector. I close by recommending a focus on both preservation and production of affordable housing and entry-level, living wage jobs in station areas, careful consideration of the appropriate roles of mixed-income and all-affordable development, as well as critical consideration of when the entrepreneurial model of urban governance is at least benign and when alternatives to it ought to be considered.Item Specific Strategies for Transit-Oriented Development: Applying National Lessons to the Twin Cities - Phase 2(Center for Transportation Studies, University of Minnesota, 2017-11) Guthrie, Andrew; Fan, YinglingTransit-oriented development—or TOD—is a widely desired public good faced with a serious dilemma: in current policy and fiscal environments, the governments and public agencies that most strongly desire TOD have little ability to implement it by their own actions. Conversely, the private and non-profit sector entities whose actions are needed to implement TOD may not share a city’s or regional planning body’s goals for transit-oriented growth patterns and built forms. The fundamental mismatch of intentions between those charged with advancing TOD and those with the power to accomplish it demands creativity from planners and regional policymakers. This report examines TOD promotion programs through direct engagement with senior- and executive-level staff at the agencies and organizations responsible for them. Through a series of in-depth interviews, our research team assessed program goals, structures and outcomes, focusing on participants’ shared understandings of TOD in their regions, their agencies’/programs’ roles in and goals for promoting TOD, other stakeholders’ responses to their efforts and the results they see as attributable to their programs. Overall, implementing TOD at a regional scale is a complex process, almost invariably involving coordinating between multiple agencies and levels of government, as well as between the public, non-profit and private sectors. This situation makes it critical to have reliable points of contact between stakeholders in the TOD promotion process, and to establish a group of interested parties who continue dialogue and mutual coordination as the process of implementing TOD in the region goes forward.