Browsing by Subject "Suburbanization"
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Item Commuter Linkages Among Counties in the Twin Cities and Greater Minnesota(1993-09) Adams, John S.; Wyly, Elvin K.The continued decentralization of metropolitan areas has replaced the well-defined daily urban systems of the 1960's with complex, overlapping commuting fields. This report analyzes county-tocounty commuting flows in Minnesota and counties in adjacent states to evaluate changes in the state's urban systems between 1960 and 1990. Findings confirm that inter-county commuting has increased dramatically, from 7% in 1960 to nearly 19% in 1990. The rate of growth is diminishing, but the total number of commuters is considerable. In 1990, over 70,000 workers commuted to the seven-county Twin Cities Metropolitan Area (TCMA) from Greater Minnesota. Results of a multivariate statistical procedure, factor analysis, confirm that exurban counties between the Twin Cities and nearby regional centers have been drawn into a complex web of interconnected, overlapping urban systems. These findings support the hypothesis that the daily work journey is creating an interdependent network of urban systems in the densely settled portions of the state. The increasing gap between the seven-county TCMA and the practical extent of the Twin Cities underscores the question whether the jurisdiction of the Metropolitan Council should expand to include counties connected by the daily flow of workers to the Twin Cities.Item The Rational Locator: Why Travel Times Have Remained Stable(American Planning Association, 1994) Levinson, David M; Kumar, AjayThis paper evaluates household travel surveys for the Washington metropolitan region conducted in 1968 and 1988, and shows that commuting times remain stable or decline over the twenty year period despite an increase in average travel distance, after controlling for trip purpose and mode of travel. The average automobile work-to-home time of 32.5 minutes in both 1968 and 1988 is, moreover, very consistent with a 1957 survey showing an average time of 33.5 minutes in metropolitan Washington. Average trip speeds increased by more than 20 percent, countering the effect of increased travel distance. This change was observed during a period of rapid suburban growth in the region. With the changing distributional composition of trip origins and destinations, overall travel times have remained relatively constant. The hypothesis that jobs and housing mutually co-locate to optimize travel times is lent further support by these data.Item Suburbanization, land use of TOD and lifestyle mobility in the suburbs: An examination of passengers’ choice to live, shop and entertain in the metro station areas of Beijing(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2018) Pengjun, Zhao; Shengxiao, LiIn the process of suburbanization of large growing cities, transit passengers have an undeniable role to play in terms of local traffic, car use, and petrol consumption. It is widely believed that transit-oriented development (metro station) could encourage people to live and consume near transit station areas through walking and cycling rather than travelling by car. However, opinions on this are still mixed. In addition, the existing literature is dominated by analyses of residents, while analyses of passengers remain scarce. This paper fills this gap by looking at metro station areas in Beijing. Using survey data, the study found mixed land use attracts passengers to shop more within metro station areas than in other places. More non-residential land developments attract more patrons to dine and access entertainment within metro station areas. Surprisingly, land use in the metro station areas was unrelated to passengers’ choice to live within metro station areas, while housing prices and income had significant effects. Personal preferences for travel mode have an effect, and those who dislike travel tend to shop and seek entertainment locally. This study suggests that land-use planning in metro station areas could be helpful in shaping more sustainable mobility in the process of suburbanization of China’s growing cities.Item Transferring land use rights with transportation infrastructure extensions: Evidence on spatiotemporal price formation in Shanghai(Journal of Transport and Land Use, 2019) Chang, Zheng; Murakami, JinTo address the efficiency and sustainability of residential suburbanization under state leasehold systems, this study examines the price formation of long-term land-use rights for general and compensational housing empirically, considering the successive expansions of new metro lines and highway networks during 2004–2016 in Shanghai—one of the world’s fastest growing megacities. The results of our spatial autoregressive models infer that the accessibility benefits of metro extensions are considerably capitalized into both the ask and transaction prices of land-use rights for general housing in the suburbs, whereas those for highway construction are insignificant. A series of spatiotemporal regressions demonstrate that the premiums for proximity to new metro stations bid by private developers are much higher than those asked by local governments during pre-metro years, probably due to local governments' strategic site arrangements for transit-oriented suburbanization and/or developers' speculative land acquisitions in Shanghai's upward suburban housing market. This study further reveals that the prices of land-use rights for compensational housing do not reflect any economic externalities attributable to metro stations and highway interchanges, which might trigger the unfair redistribution of property rights, accessibility, and economic opportunities among relocated farmers around city-fringe areas.