Browsing by Subject "Red maple"

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    Demonstration of Hardwood Trusses in Residential Construction Projects
    (University of Minnesota Duluth, 2002-01) Brashaw, Brian K; Vatalaro, Robert J; Ross, Robert J; Wang, Xiping
    The hardwood lumber industry is a key component of the forest products industry in the Lake States and Northeast regions of the United States. Two of the primary lumber species include sugar maple (Acer saccharum) and red maple (Acer rubrum). High grade lumber from these species has an extremely high value, often exceeding $1,500/thousand board feet (M bdft). Lower grades of maple including pallet lumber usually sell for $200 to $275/M bdft. A cooperative Lake States research team developed the technical and economic background necessary for using low grade maple as structural components in metal-plate trusses and prefabricated wood I-joists. Specific projects that have been completed addressed the following research topics: lumber yield and recovery, lumber properties, acce\erated drying schedules, truss plate fasteners, truss fabrication and testing, I-joist fabrication and testing, and :financial assessments. An important step prior to implementation was the development of several demonstration projects using structurally graded maple lumber. A relationship was established with the Duluth Chapter of Habitat for Humanity International and a demonstration project was developed to use the red maple lumber in trusses for two houses with attached garag~s that were to be built during the summer of 2001. To minimize concerns oflumber length and s_pecies, we chose to use red maple as truss webs with spruce-pine-fir (SPF) chords in the house section and red maple for both the truss chords and webs in the attached garage. Red maple cants were obtained, sawn into 2- by 4-in. dimension lumber and dried using an accelerated kiln schedule. Structural grading was completed using an E-computer with visual overrides for #2 a11d #3 grade lumber. Truss designs were completed and sealed by a professional engineer and the trusses were manufactured by Kylmala Truss in Duluth, Minnesota. Natural Resources Research Institute (NRRI) personnel were involved in the setting of the trusses. There were no specific problems noted from the use of red maple in either the house or garage trusses. A second demonstration project was designed to use sugar maple lumber as web stock in a standard storage truss in a garage built in rural Duluth, Minnesota. Kiln-dried hard maple remaining from earlier projects was graded using a commercial E-computer. The lumber was then provided to Kylmala Truss for use in manufacturing a 6:12 pitch garage truss that spanned 26 ft. The trusses were set by NRRI personnel and covered with oriented strandboard (OSB) sheathing. There were no specific problems or challenges identified from using hard maple in the trusses, although it was difficult to hand nail siding to the hard maple web on the gable end trusses.
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    Growth and stand dynamics of Red maple-dominated forests in the Upper Great Lakes Region, USA
    (2015-02) Pszwaro, Justin Luke
    Red maple (Acer rubrum L.) was historically a common but not abundant tree species in North American temperate forests. Over the last several decades it has increased in abundance on upland sites throughout its range and today is perhaps the single most abundant tree species in eastern North America. Climate change and associated impacts on forest dynamics are expected to increase red maple relative importance in the Upper Lake States and New England. However, red maple lacks commercial importance and has thus received little attention in growth studies and little is known of the dynamics of red maple-dominated stands. The objectives of this thesis were to 1) quantify the effects of stocking level and stand age on overall patterns of red maple stand productivity, 2) evaluate how these relationships vary across different geographic locations and climatic conditions, and 3) describe the composition dynamics of pure red maple-dominated forest stands.