Browsing by Subject "Rape"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Campus Coverage: Sexual Assault (2015-10-07)
    (University of Minnesota Duluth, 2015) University of Minnesota Duluth
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    Development of global prohibition regimes: pillage and rape in war.
    (2008-07) Inal, Tuba
    Although rape and pillage in war had been so closely related and so similarly justified, there is a 100-year gap between the prohibition of pillage (with The Hague Conventions of 1899, 1907) and the prohibition of rape (with the Rome Statute of 1998) by modern international law. The question is given that women had historically been considered the property of men, why did the prohibition regime that regulated pillage of property not include “pillage” of women? By addressing this chronological discrepancy in the development of these two prohibition regimes, this project seeks to explain two related theoretical questions: The first one is how does change happen in international relations; in particular why do states make laws binding themselves to change the ways war is conducted? The second question is what is the role of “gender” as a category in this process of change? I argue that three conditions are necessary for the emergence of a global prohibition regime: states must believe that they can comply with the prohibition because non-compliance is costly. Secondly, a normative context conducive to the idea that the particular practice is abnormal/undesirable as well as a normative shock to show this undesirability hence give the final push for the normative change are necessary. Thirdly, state and/or non-state actors actively propagating these ideas to promote the creation of a particular regime should exist. The temporal difference between the emergence of the regimes against pillage and rape reveals the role of gender in this process. By looking at the writing of The Hague Conventions (1899, 1907), the Geneva Conventions (1949), the Additional Protocols (1977) and the Rome Statute (1998), I illustrate that until the 1990s, states did not believe that they could prevent rape in war as opposed to pillage because of the gender ideology that framed rape as an inevitable byproduct of male sexuality. Plus, the exclusion of women from politics like the international law-making process meant that actors to promote change could not be effective. Hence, a normative context and a normative shock to make the prohibition of rape in war possible could not develop.
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    "In a shattered language": a feminist poetics of trauma.
    (2011-10) Griffiths, Amy Kathleen
    In a Shattered Language": A Feminist Poetics of Trauma, fuses theories of traumatic stress with studies of contemporary poetry and poetics. This project intervenes in debates over the ways trauma is experienced, remembered, and represented by positing poetry as an alternative form of discourse--one which endures the pressures of testimonial coherence while simultaneously preserving the aporias of knowledge and memory that characterize traumatization. My analysis also revises trauma theory from a feminist perspective by investigating domestic traumas such as rape, incest, and mental illness as portrayed in poetry by North American women writers in the twentieth century. The dissertation opens with a brief Prologue, which views the 2010 Korean film Poetry as a text through which the major concerns of this project are refracted. The first chapter, "Difficult Word: The Interpretation of `Trauma' and the Trauma of Interpretation," traces a genealogy of trauma as an intellectual concept prone to semantic slippage, and calls for a Poetics of Trauma to reconfigure the role of linguistic form in conceptualizing trauma and its aftermath. The second chapter, "`While Someone Else is Eating': The Dialectic of the Extreme and the Everyday in Frances Driscoll's. The Rape Poems," conducts close readings of poetry by a survivor of intruder rape, and argues that a feminist perspective qualifies the core tenet of trauma theory which locates traumata in extreme external events. The third chapter, "Traumatizing the Lyric `I': Poetic Subjectivity in Betsy Warland's. The Bat Had Blue Eyes," considers theories of the traumatized "self" as they pertain to an adult survivor of childhood incest, and argues that poetry-writing generates a phenomenological selfhood through which survival becomes perpetual revision. The final chapter, "Traumatic Consciousness: The Poetry of Interpretation in Hannah Weiner's Archive," encounters Weiner's work as a means of critiquing the psychopathology model of trauma. This chapter finds that Weiner's avant-garde poetics both does and does not evince symptoms of her struggle with schizophrenia, and as such, suggests how conventional language itself traumatizes consciousness. This chapter weaves together research in Weiner's unpublished journals with a personal narrative to form an implicit theory of the poetics of reading and writing trauma.
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    Processing Rape Cases: Media versus Reality
    (2016) Frink, Anna
    The purpose of this paper is to compare/contrast how rape cases are handled in the media versus reality. To establish procedures involved in rape cases in reality, interviews were done with a staff member at PAVSA (Program for Aid to Victims of Sexual Assault) and at the Duluth Police Department. This knowledge was applied while watching episodes of Law and Order: SVU and documenting their patterns.