Browsing by Subject "Protected Areas"
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Item Entrepreneurship for biodiversity conservation and sustainability transformation: a new frontier in Conservation Science and Practice(2022-10) Lobo, DieleToday’s increasing conservation challenges demand new approaches to thinking about and practicing conservation based on solving social problems. I advance understanding of one of such approaches -- Conservation Entrepreneurship, a practice still underexplored in the core conservation literature but that is rapidly growing in the real world and reimagining the conservation field. Based on literature review and evidence synthesis, this dissertation offers a tentative conceptual basis, organizing framework, and research agenda for conservation entrepreneurship research as an applied field of the conservation social sciences. Based on in-depth case study analyses of entrepreneurship cases in the UNESCO’s World Heritage Site Serra da Capivara National Park, Brazil, this dissertation explores the role of entrepreneurial action in two longstanding areas of interest in the conservation field -- (i) transformative approaches to protected area management and (ii) ecosystem services provision – and offers four main contributions. First, it suggests practices for developing organizational and community capacity conducive to sustainability transformations in social-ecological systems where climatic shifts, poverty, governance challenges, and climate-sensitive livelihoods converge to exacerbate the vulnerability of the local communities to climate change. Second, it offers an analytical framework that can be used as a reflexive tool to enhance transparency in the design and implementation choices in entrepreneurship, capacity building, and community development practice for sustainability. Third, this study identifies individual-level factors that influence the recognition of opportunities for novel marketable ecosystem services. Lastly, it shows how entrepreneurial opportunity recognition is a key process for the provision of ecosystem services under climate and other environmental changes.Item Tracking Wildlife Conservation in Southern Africa: Histories of Protected Areas in Gorongosa and Maputaland(2015-10) McKeown, KathleenIn this dissertation, I argue that the development and demarcation of protected areas in southern Africa has not only been a process of defining boundaries but also of defining belonging. I focus specifically on how wildlife has been determined to belong in particular areas and how these animals have been claimed as belonging to individuals, communities, provinces, nations, and regions. I focus on the histories of wildlife conservation in Mozambique and the northern part of KwaZulu Natal, with particular emphasis on Gorongosa and Maputaland during the period from the early 1960s to the late 1990s, a time of great social and political change in both South Africa and Mozambique. I have selected these areas not to propose points of comparison between conservation practices in these neighboring countries, but rather to demonstrate complex continuities, exchanges, and cross-fertilizations. Ideas about wildlife conservation crossed national borders, as did animals, their advocates, and, eventually, protected area boundaries. By employing a transnational perspective on protected area histories, I illustrate and analyze this movement of personnel, non-human animals, and conservation practices between nation-states. By interrogating the scientific knowledge production and policy-making of protected area development, my narrative foregrounds the ways that wildlife has been implicated in and impacted by ideas about where these animals belong and to whom. Conceptions of indigeneity and nativeness, which tie belonging to place, have impacted the territories and scales of protected areas, as well as what (or who) has the right to dwell within their borders. However, these categories of belonging are not inherent to the wildlife species they have been attributed to. Instead, “belonging” is a condition that is made through a complex network of biocultural interactions. It is produced through dynamic constellations of political conditions, cultural values, economic interests, scientific ways of knowing, and animal behavior.