Browsing by Subject "Pakistan"

Now showing 1 - 5 of 5
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    Clinical Pharmacy Clerkship in Pakistan: A leap from paper to practice
    (University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, 2011) Aslam, Nousheen; Ahmed, Khwaja Zafar
    This is the first article of its type to describe the advances taking place in clinical pharmacy education in Pakistan. The Pharmacy Council of Pakistan has developed a five-year Pharm.D program to replace the four-year B.Pharm degree. Completing clinical pharmacy clerkships is a prerequisite for receiving the Pharm.D degree. To meet this requirement, Ziauddin College of Pharmacy has developed a specialized clerkship program for its 4th and 5th year students. The College is fortunate to be linked with well developed tertiary care hospitals at three prime locations in the in the metropolitan city of Karachi, which provides opportunity for the students to gain exposure to real life situations and work with patients. The article presents an account of the efforts taken for development of the clinical pharmacy clerkship program, the problems encountered during its development, and the main outcomes of a clerkship program.
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    A Description of Medication Decision-Making, Dispensing, and Utilization for Hypertensive Patients in Nishtar Hospital Multan, Pakistan
    (University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, 2013) Saeed, Hafiz Muhammad Khawar; Nasar, Naveera; Batool, Sonia; Ghauri, Rabia; Rauf, Aquula
    Hypertension is a worldwide health problem affecting developed and developing countries, and Pakistan is no exception. Nishtar Hospital Multan is categorized as one of the biggest hospitals in South Asia. The objective for this study was to describe medication decision-making, dispensing, and utilization for patients diagnosed with hypertension at this patient care facility. The study was conducted by 5 trained pharmacists working in collaboration with prescribers who met with study participants when they visited the hospital. All interview questions were asked in Urdu during the hospital visit. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. A total of 301 patients who visited the hospital agreed to participate in the study. The findings showed that prescribers spend little time with patients and rarely follow guidelines for decision-making. Regarding the dispensing of medications for the treatment of hypertension, none of the dispensing was completed by a pharmacist and none of the patients received counseling about medications at the time of dispensing. Most patients reportedly do not take their medication as prescribed. Regarding outcomes, 20% of the patients had pre-hypertension, 47% stage 1 hypertension, and 33% stage 2 hypertension. Great improvements are possible in the treatment of hypertension at the hospital we studied through application of standard treatment guidelines, patient education, and adjustments to work system processes so that alignment of provider’s skills with opportunities in improving the patient care process can be achieved.
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    Lessons on Influencing Nationalism to Align National Interests: Stemming the Tide of Pakistan's Chaos
    (Hubert H Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs, 2009-05-15) Drucker, Jessica
    Pakistan’s rapidly deteriorating situation requires the United States to use strategic foreign policy to prevent a spiral into chaos. The U.S. may be able to influence Pakistani behavior by appealing to Pakistani nationalism and national interests to achieve stability, drawing on lessons from past successes with Spain and Poland. Inherent within this process, the U.S. needs to come to understand its own nationalism and how that positively and negatively affects cooperation with other states. This understanding can further U.S. national interests while a lack of understanding could undermine U.S. interests. Moreover, U.S. foreign policy needs to remain adaptable to satisfy current U.S. national interests while staying flexible enough to tackle future challenges should those interests change. And though different administrations set their own priorities and thus pursue different foreign policies, these case studies form a foundation for future applications.
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    Over-Medicated Boys and Girls Down the Well: The Politically Awkward ‘Imaginaries’ of Education Liaisons in the U.S. and Pakistan
    (2016-03) Miric, Suzanne
    This study explores the lived experiences of education liaisons in Minnesota and Pakistan in the context of cultural myths of modern educational progress, as envisioned in world society theory. Using a multi-sited ethnographic and narrative inquiry approach with 10 core participants over a discontinuous, more than five-year time period, it finds that an important aspect of education liaisons’ work is re-interpreting and re-working dominate social imaginaries of the meaning of mass education, such as those involving urban Black communities in the U.S. and rural, Pashto-speaking communities in Pakistan. This study both supported and challenged aspects of world society theory, resulting in four core analytical themes emerging from the work of liaisons: The social construction of marginality and its imaginations as an institutionalized expertise; the importance of ‘awkward’ political social imaginaries in relation to educational myth-making as everyday liaison work; understanding institutionalized manifestations of power and silence as enduring practices of bewitchment, and the tensions of engaging with particular legacies of racial and gender oppression, while constructing imaginative possibilities and social identities in institutional contexts. This study contains practical recommendations for educational policy and practice.
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    U.S. Drone Policy in Pakistan: An analysis of the effectiveness of the drone program.
    (Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs, 2012-12-22) Jamal, Syed
    The U.S. drone policy is slowly generating more debate within the American public. Domestic economic concerns still dominate the attention of policy makers and the public, but as the economy improves, foreign policy is certain to regain national attention. In the recent presidential debates both candidates supported the U.S.’s drone policy in Pakistan (Obama & Romney, 2012). This coincides with the popularity the policy enjoys in the public (Cohen & Wilson, 2012). Yet because of the secrecy surrounding the details of the drone policy and the seclusion of the region in which drone strikes are conducted, the public lacks details necessary for an informed public debate. In this paper, I endeavor to shed some light on the policy and better explain some of the complexities and implications inherent in it. So my main thesis question is to try and decipher what the drone program is and how effective is it.