Browsing by Subject "Osteoarthritis"

Now showing 1 - 15 of 15
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    Autologous conditioned serum and subsequent synovial fluid concentrations of cytokines, matrix metalloproteinases, and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases after injection into equine osteoarthritic distal interphalangeal joints
    (2015-07) Tatarniuk, Dane
    INTRODUCTION: Autologous conditioned serum (ACS) is used for treatment of osteoarthritis in horses. However, there is a lack of critical knowledge of the contents of ACS and any biological effects after injection into osteoarthritic joints. OBJECTIVE: The specific aims of this study were to (1) evaluate content of cytokine, matrix metalloproteinases (MMP), and tissue inhibitors of matrix metalloproteinases (TIMP) in ACS, (2) validate/refute that ACS increases anti-inflammatory or pro- inflammatory biomarkers in synovial fluid from naturally occurring osteoarthritic joints, (3) demonstrate whether freeze/thaw effects IL-1ra concentrations in ACS, and (4) evaluate for clinical improvement in lameness following ACS therapy. METHODS: Eleven horses with naturally occurring osteoarthritis in a forelimb distal inter-phalangeal joint were given 3 consecutive intra-articular doses of ACS separated by 7-day intervals. Synovial fluid was collected before administration of each dose at day 0, 7, 14, and 21. Concentrations of cytokines (IL-1ra, IL-1Beta, TNF�, IL-4, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10), MMPs (-1, -3, -9, -13), and TIMPs (-1, -2, -3, -4) were quantified using ELISA and multiplex assays. Serum was compared to unincubated and incubated controls and synovial fluid was compared to baseline (day 0). Horses were videotaped trotting (at day 0, 7, 14, and 21) and graded blindly for degree of lameness. RESULTS: Concentrations of IL-1ra, as well as MMP-1 to TIMP (-1, -2, -3, -4) and MMP-9 to TIMP (-1, -2, -4) ratios were increased in ACS (vs. unincubated control), and IL-4, IL-6, and IL-8 were decreased in ACS (vs. incubated control). Freeze/thaw did not affect biomarker concentrations in ACS. Although ACS contained high concentrations of IL-1ra, no changes in IL-1ra concentrations were observed in synovial fluid 7 days after each injection. No change in median lameness grade was noted throughout study duration (median grade of 1/5 at all time points).
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    The Development and use of canine adipose derived stromal and progenitor cells to treat osteoarthritis
    (2013-12) Kiefer, Kristina M.
    We evaluated the viability of canine adipose derived stromal cells (ASC) in the presence of osteoarthritic joint fluid, determining that exposure to osteoarthritic joint fluid is more cytotoxic than exposure to normal synovial fluid. We demonstrated that diluting the joint fluid diminishes the severity of this effect. We have demonstrated that a stromal vascular fraction (SVF) preparation of ASCs is phenotypically different from cultured ASCs, having a greater expression of proinflammatory mediator (IL-1β (interleukin-1 beta), COX-2 (cyclooxygenase-2)) and anti-inflammatory mediators (IL-1ra (interleukin-1 receptor antagonist), TIMP-2 (tissue inhibitor metalloproteinase-2) mRNA levels than cultured cells, and greater variability in expression of cell surface markers (MHCI, MHCII, CD90, CD34, CD44 and CD45). We evaluated multiple types of culture media, and found that there is some variation in the previous mentioned markers and mediators, but not a significant difference. Consistent tri-lineage differentiation of ASCs appeared to differ amongst different media types. We concluded that media should be selected according to a phenotypic profile that would be beneficial for the disease the ASC therapy is targeting. We assessed in vivo safety and efficacy of canine autologous SVF and allogeneic ASC therapy in dogs diagnosed with osteoarthritis secondary to a medial coronoid process in the elbow, utilizing objective outcome measures, including ground reaction forces (GRF) and delayed gadolinium enhanced magnetic resonance imaging of cartilage (dGEMRIC). We found no significant deleterious side effects with either therapy, and have produced support for the use of allogeneic ASC therapy.
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    Hand force profiles of women with hand osteoarthritis during sealed jar opening
    (2014-10) McGee, Corey Weston
    Purposes: Joint protection strategies are often recommended for individuals with hand arthritis. However, there is little research regarding their effectiveness or on the use of measures in evaluating the effects of joint protection strategies. The purposes of this study were to 1) evaluate the effects of the type of grasp, the hand grasping the lid, and the use of non-skid material on the hand forces acting upon a jar lid when breaking a jar's seal, 2) examine the hand forces requirements when opening a sealed jar and 3) investigate relationships between several measures of hand function and the actual hand forces used during the everyday task of opening a sealed jar in order to validate their use in measuring the effectiveness of joint protection strategies such as using a counterforce such as a table or opposing extremity and using a nonskid material.Methods: A novel jar device created by McGee, Nuckley, and Mathiowetz was used to gather measurements of grip force, compressive force down through the lid's axis of rotation (Fz) and compressive force perpendicular to the side of the lid (Fx/Fy) when attempting to open a `sealed jar'. The jar lid's torque requirement was set to 4.24 N*m, a torque commonly imposed by the manufacturer when creating a seal on larger diameter jars. Thirty-one women with hand osteoarthritis were asked to complete 16 jar opening simulations by alternating three different factors: hand turning the jar lid, position (supinated/vertical and oblique/diagonal), and use of a non-skid material. After each jar turning simulation, participants were asked to report their perceived level of pain and exertion using the 0 to 10 scales of the NRS and Borg CR10, respectively. Additional measures of hand function were quantified to determine if and to what extent they predicted success and the capacity to generate forces when opening a sealed jar.Results: The impact of arthritis on our sample's function was modest (AIMS2-SF2 Total Health Score; x = 10.62) and the distribution of arthritis between hands was not dissimilar. Use of the supinated grasp required less force/time in Fx [F(1,419)=30.5, p<.0001], Fy [F(1,419)=34.5, p<.0001], and Fz than power grasp [F(1,419)=23.5, p<.0001]. Participants used less grip force to twist the lid with their left hand than with their right hand [F(1,419)=21.7, p<.0001]. Participants also perceived their effort to be less when using their left hand, a supinated grasp, and non-skid material. Additionally, participants rated their pain as lower when using their left hand and when using a supinated grasp. Lastly, a left supinated grasp with a non-skid material was a significantly more successful strategy to open jars than was any other (χ2=9.4, p<.001). Across all approaches, participants who were successful used 149.2±6.2 N of grip force and 47.8±2.8 N of `compensatory' forces when opening the sealed jar. Perceived effort was a significant positive predictor of grip force across time and is a significant negative predictor of peak M(z). Palmar abduction of the stabilizing thumb was a significant positive predictor of torque and a negative predictor of grip forces. Total active motion of the stabilizing and turning thumbs was a positive predictor of grip force and an increase in pain from baseline was a significant negative predictor of grip force and a positive predictor of torque.Conclusions: The counterforce offered by the supinated `stabilizing' hand results in the use of fewer compensatory forces by the turning hand. The left hand requires less grip force to successfully open a sealed jar and pain as well as perceived effort were least among those who used a non-skid material when opening. This data supports that women with hand arthritis will know more success, perceive less pain and effort, use less grip force, and will more efficiently generate the forces required to break the seal of a large jar when using a left hand, supinated counterforce, and non-skid material. These findings validate the use of non-skid material to reduce hand forces with jar turning but only when combined with a supinated approach. Perceived effort, and a change in pain from baseline are strong predictors of the forces used during jar opening and thus should be considered when considering the effectiveness of joint protection strategies used by women with hand osteoarthritis when attempting to open sealed jars. Other measures of hand function were also predictive of the hand forces generated when opening a sealed jar and these factors should be considered during assessment and intervention planning.
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    Histological assessment of osteoarthritis lesions in mice.
    (2010-05) McNulty, Margaret Ann
    The pathogenesis of osteoarthritis (OA) in both humans and animals is poorly understood. Histological assessment of tissue samples from joints is the most accurate way to diagnose OA severity. Unfortunately, current histological assessment grading schemes, such as the Mankin Histological-Histochemical Grading System (HHGS), are subject to observer variability and are unable to accurately distinguish varying levels of disease severity. The goals of this project were to: 1) develop a novel histological grading scheme to assess OA lesions in mice, 2) apply this scheme to several studies in which OA severity is expected to be influenced by treatment, and 3) compare the reliability and validity of this newly developed scheme to the widely used Mankin HHGS. Histological sections from the knee (stifle) joints from 5 studies (n=158 joints), including 2 studies using a surgically induced model and 3 studies of naturally occurring disease, were globally examined for changes associated with OA. Changes that were consistent were evaluated using histomorphometry or assigned a grade based on severity. The final scheme that was developed included 13 quantitative and 2 semi-quantitative parameters that evaluated changes in articular cartilage, chondrocytes, subchondral & periarticular bone, and meniscus. Principal Components Analysis combined these 15 parameters into 5 factors that globally evaluated changes in articular cartilage integrity, chondrocyte viability, subchondral bone, periarticular osteophytes, and menisci. This newly developed scheme was then applied to five studies of murine OA, and comparisons among intervention groups in the 15 parameters and 5 factors were evaluated. In addition, the original Mankin HHGS was applied to these same sections. The newly developed scheme identified numerous changes in several tissues in both surgically induced and naturally occurring disease and was able to characterize several changes associated with OA severity in the mouse. While the Mankin HHGS was able to identify significant differences in the surgically induced models, it overlooked changes associated with naturally occurring disease. Finally, a direct comparison between the two schemes revealed that the newly developed scheme was more reliable than the Mankin HHGS, and was also able to correctly distinguish the severities of OA as well as the Mankin HHGS.
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    Joint Injections for Osteoarthritis
    (2012-07-26) Yew, Aileen
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    Osteoarthritis
    (2011-08-03) Klick, Cole
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    Osteoarthritis
    (2012-04-09) Olson, Emily
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    Osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint
    (2009-08-19) Ou-Yang, David
    It is estimated that osteoarthritis of the shoulder affects over 30% of patients over the age of sixty, and it can lead to pain, crepitus, loss of motion, and loss of function. Multiple treatment options are available, both surgical and nonsurgical. The following is a patient education tool dedicated to osteoarthritis of the glenohumeral joint.
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    Osteoarthritis of the Knee: What you need to know about symptoms, diagnosis, &
    (2008-04-08) Walsh, Michael
    Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis. OA is sometimes referred to as degenerative, or wear and tear, arthritis, as opposed to inflammatory arthritis. It may be due to trauma to the joint, excessive loading of the joint over time, or even because of hereditary tendencies. OA commonly affects the knee joint. In fact, knee OA is the most common cause of disability in the United States. Treatments for OA include analgesics, NSAID’s, weight loss, orthopaedic bracing, total knee replacement, and proximal tibial osteotomy. In addition, currently in the lay press, glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate are being heralded as safe and effective treatments for this condition. A recent study has shown that while these products offer no additional relief when compared to placebo or NSAID use, the combination of glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate may offer relief superior to that of placebo in patients with “moderate” to “severe” osteoarthritis of the knee.
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    Osteoarthritis/DJD. What can you do?
    (2009-05-04) Kushnaryov, Anton
    Osteoarthritis or Degenerative Joint Disease is a common problem affecting many people. Although there is no cure, many treatment options are available to help treat the pain and disability associated with this condition. These include exercise, weight loss, topical and oral pain medications, joint injections and surgery. Glucosamine sulfate is an over-the-counter remedy that scientific research has conflicting conclusions regarding. Presently, it is unclear whether or not glucosamine sulfate can help the symptoms of osteoarthritis.
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    The use of biomarkers to determine the severity of osteoarthritis in the tarsus of an older horse population
    (2017-12) Coppelman, Elizabeth
    Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a group of diseases of different causes that ultimately lead to synovitis, subchondral bone remodeling, and articular cartilage degeneration. OA commonly develops in the distal intertarsal (DIT) and tarsometatarsal (TMT) joints of performance horses. Currently, the most accurate method of identifying OA in these joints is a combination of thorough physical, lameness, and radiographic examinations. However, many horses may have pain attributed or localized to these joints with minimal radiographic changes present. A novel way to identify and classify the degree of OA is through the measurement of molecular biomarkers. Molecular biomarkers of OA reflect quantitative and dynamic variations associated with joint metabolism. Objectives: (1) define the direct and indirect biomarker concentrations in synovial fluid from the tibiotarsal, distal intertarsal, and tarsometatarsal joints in horses with varying degrees of tarsal OA, and (2) validate/refute that the biomarker concentrations in these joints increase with severity of OA in the distal joints as determined by a radiographs (all joints), MRI (PIT, DIT, TMT joints), arthroscopic evaluation/ gross pathology (TT joint), and (3) determine if biomarker concentrations in the TT synovial fluid (SF) can be used to evaluated OA severity in the DIT and TMT joints. Methods: A cohort study of 11 older horses (>8 years) with variable amounts of OA in the tarsal joints identified on radiographs were included. The TT joints were examined by arthroscopy/gross examination. The distal tarsal joints were examined by MRI. Biomarkers BAP, CPII, C2C, CTX II, CS846 were examined in the distal tarsal joints; additional biomarkers C1,2C, IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, and TNFα were examined in the TT joint. Various statistical analyses were used to determine association between imaging modalities and biomarkers to degrees of OA severity. Results: In the TT joint, C2C and IL-6 were the best biomarkers distinguishing OA severity. There was more pathology present in TT joints than could be seen on radiographs, suggesting that arthroscopic surgery is still the best method to evaluate TT joint OA. In the distal tarsal joints, radiographs were better at distinguishing OA and correlated to the corresponding MRIs, but underestimated the degree of SCB bone sclerosis, and number and size of osteophytes in many of the cases. MRI also provided information about cartilage damage and SCB hyperintensity. The severity of SCB sclerosis and presence of SCB hyperintensity on MRI was a good indicator for separating moderate/severe from mild OA. Of the biomarkers evaluated, the best at determining OA severity in the DIT joint were BAP, CPII, and C2C. These biomarkers also correlated to subchondral bone hyperintensity on MRI. In the TMT joint, CPII was the best biomarker to determine OA severity. No biomarker was identified in the SF in the TT joint capable of identifying OA in the distal tarsal joints. Conclusions: Biomarkers have the potential to be a valuable source of information about the OA disease process in the tarsal joints. SF from the joint of interest must be collected. Further research is needed with more horses. To the author’s knowledge, this is the first study examining biomarkers in an older horse population and hopes it provides a template for forthcoming research.
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    Wear and tear arthritis of the knee
    (2010-07-21) Bernhardson, Andrew
    Osteoarthritis is one of the most common orthopaedic conditions that affect all patients as they age. Some are more susceptible to early osteoarthritis due to factors including activity, trauma, and anatomic variation. This short guide serves to simply explain what occurs during osteoarthritis and explain that it is a long term chronic process and more specifically address the modalities of therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee.
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    Wear and tear arthritis of the knee
    (2009-09-18) Bernhardson, Andrew
    Osteoarthritis is one of the most common orthopaedic conditions that affect all patients as they age. Some are more susceptible to early osteoarthritis due to factors including activity, trauma, and anatomic variation. This short guide serves to simply explain what occurs during osteoarthritis and explain that it is a long term chronic process and more specifically address the modalities of therapy for osteoarthritis of the knee.