Browsing by Subject "Northern Minnesota"

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Alternatives to Petroleum Based Fuel for Marine Vessels
(University of Minnesota Duluth, 2006) Skurla, James A; Jacobson, Jean; Hochsprung, Paul; Malik, Nitya; Slegh, David; Martopullo, Ela; Linde, Nicholas; Almquist-Minko, Vickie
Bedrock Geochemistry of Archean Rocks in Northern Minnesota
(University of Minnesota Duluth, 1991-07) Southwick, David L; Welsh, James L; Englebert, Jayne A; Hauck, Steven A
The primary purpose of this project is the geochemical evaluation of Archean bedrock in northern Minnesota. The rocks included are both the greenstone/granite and gneissic terranes but exclude the Archean rocks of the Minnesota River Valley. The emphasis is on the characterization of the greenstone portions of the Archean subprovinces. A total of 15 counties with geochemistry pertinent to this project were included: Beltrami, Clay, Hubbard, Becker, Itasca, Cook, Lake, Lake of the Woods, Marshall, Koochiching, Roseau, St. Louis, Polk, Todd, and Norman. The first portion of this project consisted of the development of an archival geochemistry data base that contains all analyses available for Archean rocks through December 1, 1990. This data base consists of data from a number of sources, including published material, unpublished dissertations and theses, and data contained within the abandoned-lease files at the Department of Natural Resources - Minerals Division office in Hibbing, Minnesota. The data base contains 12,451 complete or partial analyses of drill core and bedrock outcrop rock samples that are divided into files by county and sorted by their township-range-section location. Planimetric digital county maps showing locations of samples and drill holes were constructed using AutoCAD software. An additional 219 samples were submitted to X-Ray Assay Laboratories for analysis as part of this project in order to cover areas lacking sufficient data and also to aid in current mapping projects. The second portion of this project consisted of evaluating the data base in terms of quality and completeness of the analyses. The total number of "quality" analyses was reduced to 1,477, and these were then separated into their respective subprovince or area. The divisions consist of the: 1) eastern Vermilion district (which includes Ranges 4 to 11 West of the Wawa-Shebandowan Subprovince); 2) western Vermilion district (which includes Ranges 12 to 17 West of the Wawa Shebandowan Subprovince); 3) western Wawa-Shebandowan Subprovince (Range 18 and west); 4) Giants Range batholith; 5) Wabigoon Subprovince; and 6) Quetico Subprovince. The analyses for each of these areas were then used to geochemically characterize the Archean subprovinces of Minnesota. The eastern Vermilion district is a greenstone terrane, largely volcanic in nature, and generally tholeiitic in composition. The western Vermilion district is more variable and contains both tholeiitic and calc-alkaline volcanics. The rest of the western Wawa- Shebandowan Subprovince has less exposure and is covered in most areas by thick glacial deposits. It appears to be largely tholeiitic in composition and also contains the Deer Lake Complex, ultramafic and mafic tholeiitic differentiated sills in Itasca County. The rocks of the Wabigoon Subprovince are predominantly sedimentary in origin. What little volcanic suites are present appear to be principally tholeiitic in composition, with a minor suite of calc-alkaline rocks. The majority of the samples from the Quetico Subprovince are calc-alkaline felsic intrusives or high-grade amphibolites and gneisses. Additionally, lamprophyres from all of these areas were broken out and considered as a separate package. They were scrutinized more closely due to the recent interest in the lamprophyre/gold association. The third part of this project involved a more intensive geochemical study of a portion of the Wawa-Shebandowan Subprovince described as the Soudan-Bigfork area (Plate 16). The purpose was to further characterize this area due to recent geological mapping projects by the Minnesota Geological Survey and also due to the high exploration activity in the area. This area is defined as Township 59 to 62 North and Range 14 to 27 West. It consists of 16 packages of rocks including: 1) granitoid plutons, scattered throughout the area and intrusive into the other packages; 2) the Giants Range batholith, marking the southern boundary of the area; 3) the Lake Vermilion Formation, generally sedimentary in nature; 4) iron-formations, interbedded within volcanic and sedimentary units throughout the region; 5) the Sherry Lake-Upper Ely Greenstone sequence, tholeiitic pillowed basalts; 6) the Bear Lake-Lower Ely Greenstone sequence, composed of both tholeiitic and calc-alkaline volcanics; 7) the Joy Lake sequence, with sedimentary and mafic to felsic volcanics; 8) the Deer Lake sequence, including differentiated gabbroic sills of the Deer Lake Complex and associated volcanics, both tholeiitic in composition; 9) the Thistledew Lake sequence, consisting of mafic volcanic rocks chiefly of Fe-tholeiite composition and a unit composed of graywacke, slate, and dacitic tuff; 10) the Wilson Lake sequence, with several units composed of mafic to felsic volcanic and sedimentary rocks; 11) the Cook sequence, composed of two units, a graywacke and argillite unit, and a unit consisting of mafic volcanic rocks tholeiitic in composition; and 12) mafic intrusions, a variety of separate intrusions that form dikes and sills in supracrustal sequences throughout the region. Of the original 1,477 "quality" analyses used in part two of this project, 572 samples fell within this area and were divided into these sequences for further detailed geochemical analysis that supports the tholeiitic-calc-alkaline descriptions given previously. Part four of this project involved a detailed geochemical analysis of the Virginia Horn area of northeastern Minnesota. The Virginia Horn area is located in the Virginia-Eveleth area of the Mesabi Range. It is comprised predominantly of metavolcanic and metasedimentary supracrustal rocks of Archean age that are similar to those found in the Vermilion district of northeastern Minnesota, from which it is separated by the Giants Range batholith. Both tholeiitic and calcalkaline suites of metavolcanic rocks occur here; the relationship between them is unclear. However, the occurrence of both suites of rocks without the presence of obvious structural or stratigraphic discontinuities may suggest a geologic setting similar to modern immature island arcs. The area additionally includes quartz-feldspar porphyries, probably altered dacites or rhyodacites, associated with anomalous gold values. These values are related to more intensely-altered zones within the porphyries.
The Beneficial Use of Biosolids from the City of Grand Rapids: A Preliminary Assessment of its Impact on Shallow Soil Water
(University of Minnesota Duluth, 1996-04) McCarthy, Barbara J; Monson Geerts, Stephen D
The project was coordinated by the NCES with technical assistance provided by the Natural Resources Research Institute (NRRI) to evaluate the impact of applying biosolids and wood ash to forest land on shallow soil water in the unsaturated zone. The overall purpose of the project is to determine if biosolids can be used in a beneficial manner, alone, or in combination with wood ash, as part of managing the reforestation of timber land in northern Minnesota. Biosolids from the City of Grand Rapids were applied by NCES staff on research plots planted with tree seedlings in the summer of 1995. The biosolids were applied at two rates, 15 and 30 ton/acre, with and without wood ash applied at a rate of 10 ton/acre. This report presents the first year results for soil water monitoring during the summer-fall of 1995.
The Beneficial Use of Biosolids from the City Of Grand Rapids: A Second-Year Assessment of Its Impact on Shallow Soil Water
(University of Minnesota Duluth, 1997-01) McCarthy, Barbara J; Monson Geerts, Stephen D
This report, which presents the results of year-two of a proposed three-year study, is part of a biosolids utilization project sponsored by the City of Grand Rapids at the North Central Experiment Station (NCES). The project was coordinated by the NCES, with technical assistance provided by the Natural Resources Research Institute (NRRl). The overall purpose of the project is to determine if biosolids could be used in a beneficial manner, alone, or in combination with wood ash, in the management of the reforestation of timber land in northern Minnesota. The purpose of this component of the project is to evaluate the impact of applying biosolids, with and without wood ash, on soil water in the unsaturated zone. Biosolids from the City of Grand Rapids were applied by NCES staff on research plots planted with tree seedlings in the summer of 1995. The biosolids were applied at two rates, 15 and 30 ton/acre, with and without wood ash applied at a single rate of 10 ton/acre. This report presents the second year results for soil water monitoring during the summer/fall of 1996.
Breeding Birds of Deep Portage Learning Center - 2016 Hackensack, Minnesota 56452
(University of Minnesota Duluth, 2016-12) Niemi, Gerald J; Peterson, Debbie; Grinde, Alexis R; Bednar, Joshua D; Schutte, Sara
The Avian Research program at the Natural Resources Research Institute (NRRI) of the University of Minnesota, Duluth has developed a spatial technique to sample breeding birds over a large heterogeneous landscape in northern Minnesota’s forested regions. We currently have sampled 10 of these one square mile research plots among diverse ownership and areas that range from the Chippewa National Forest to Pine County to extreme northeastern Minnesota. Hence, Deep Portage represents the 11th such plot and the second in a nature, learning center environment; the other one being Wolf Ridge Environmental Learning Center in Isabella, MN. Many of these research plots were originally sampled in the mid-1990’s. They provide a solid baseline on the spatial distribution of breeding birds within forest stands, but more importantly the landscape context of those forest stands with respect to patch size and edges. The vast majority of research on breeding bird populations and distributions have focused on individual stands, but not on the entire landscape. Our overall goal is to increase understanding on how individual bird species use different forest cover types and landscapes in different ecological regions of the forested zone of Minnesota. Our specific objective here was to sample the distribution and abundance of breeding birds in a large landscape of the western, forested region in Minnesota, but also one under active forest management. Here we present the results of sampling in June 2016 and compare with a previous sampling of the Deep Portage area by Wieland over a four year period from 2004-2007.
Cost Comparison of Underground and Surface Mining Options for Potential Western Mesabi Range Iron Ore Resources
(University of Minnesota Duluth, 2011-05) Zanko, Lawrence M
This summary report compares capital and operating costs associated with hypothetical underground and surface mining operations located on Minnesota’s Western Mesabi Iron Range. Spreadsheet cost models developed by the author are used for generating the comparative cost data.* The models are based in part on underground and surface mine cost information provided in InfoMine USA, Inc. Mining Cost Service. Model output is intended to provide only an approximation of capital and operating costs associated with both underground and surface mining, and should be viewed accordingly. “Ore” is considered to be restricted to sub-members Lower Cherty 4 and Lower Cherty 3 (LC-4 and LC-3). Note that the stripping ratio increases from about 4:1 to 6:1 approximately one mile to the south of the Biwabik Iron Formation’s southern subcrop extent. Currently, the stripping ratio at active Minnesota iron ore (taconite) surface mining operations is at about 1:1. Based on the Biwabik Iron Formation’s overall dip of 5-10° to the south in the area of interest, for every mile that mining progresses down-dip, the depth to ore increases by about 700 feet. Therefore, the ore zone (LC-4 and LC-3) of any mine developed more than one mile to the south of historic iron ore mining activity will be more than 1,000 feet below ground surface.
Crane Lake Visitor Center Feasibility Study - Voyageurs National Park
(University of Minnesota Duluth, 2020) Haynes, Monica; Chiodi Grensing, Gina; Brand, Nathan; Thorsgard, Haakan
The Economic Impact of Giants Ridge on St. Louis County
(University of Minnesota Duluth, 2012) Skurla, James A; Chiodi Grensing, Gina; Jacobson, Jenna; Swenson, Colleen; Almquist-Minko, Vickie
The Economic Structure of the Northland Works Region, 2009
(University of Minnesota Duluth, 2009) Skurla, James A; Jacobson, Jean; Kasim, Taha; Solem, Lyle; Almquist-Minko, Vickie
The Economics and Logistics of Transporting Taconite Mining and Processing Byproducts (Aggregate): Minnesota and Beyond
(University of Minnesota Duluth, 2007-10) Zanko, Lawrence M
Every year, Minnesota’s taconite mining industry generates over 125 million tons of mining byproducts, a figure that is more than double the entire state’s annual aggregate usage. Since 2000, the Natural Resources Research Institute (NRRI), University of Minnesota, Duluth, has been investigating how these vast quantities of taconite mining byproducts can be used for construction aggregate purposes on an expanded basis. However, if taconite-based aggregate is to be competitive beyond the Mesabi Iron Range, cost-effective rail transport options will be needed, and rail-related economic and logistical barriers must be identified, quantified, and overcome. The reality is, lower value/higher volume commodities like construction aggregates are often economically limited by their distance to market, due to the cost of transportation. Consequently, this study is focusing on rail transport by reviewing/identifying transportation networks, logistics, equipment availability, costs, and potential difficulties associated with moving taconite aggregate through that network. Truck, barge, and Great Lakes shipping are also being addressed. By identifying the key transportation and market-related issues, this study will give potential end-users inside and outside Minnesota a better understanding of how taconite aggregate could be an important alternative to “conventional” aggregate sources. Likewise, taconite producers will have a better understanding of the relative ease or difficulty of marketing and/or moving various types of aggregate, and the potential economic benefit(s) thereof. By improving our understanding of what the supply, demand, and movement dynamics are (and how they interrelate), the prospect for expanded use of taconite aggregate will be enhanced - a development which will ultimately be important for both the economy and the environment, a dual benefit measurable in both a dollars (economic) and tons (resource conservation) sense. This Technical Summary Report describes project activities and progress through October of 2007.
An evaluation of the native plant communities management guide for mesic and dry-mesic white-red pine in Northern Minnesota.
(University of Minnesota, 2002-03)
A guide was developed to provide management information on native plant communities, specifically mesic and dry-mesic white-red pine in Northern Minnesota. This guide was reviewed by many professional foresters (planners, field personnel, and researchers). A survey was mailed to 110 people involved in forest planning and management in Minnesota to evaluate how well the concepts in the guide were understood and how feasible it would be to implement the recommendations. The return rate for the survey was 52%. The overall understanding of the native plant community concepts presented within the guide was relatively high. However, the feasibility to implement the landscape and site-level recommendations presented was only “somewhat”. Many impediments to implementation were identified. Some of the most referenced included: lack of time, lack of money, and lack of professional staff. After a review of the surveys, the management guide was revised to address specific comments provided by survey respondents. Additional references to available classification keys were added along with discussion on impediments in the management recommendations. Overall, the guide was successful in communicating native plant community information to the diversity of people involved in forest management. There is likely a need for similar guides, and more audiencespecific guides and training in the future.
Freeze Survey Summary Report: Onsite Wastewater Treatment Systems
(University of Minnesota Duluth, 2001-03) Reed, Jane; McCarthy, Barbara J; Henneck, Jerald; Axler, Richard P; Crosby, Jeff; Bauman, Heidi
This report summarizes the results of an informal survey mailed to pumpers and contractors of onsite wastewater treatment systems in northern Minnesota in the spring of 2000. The survey was developed jointly by the Sewage Technical Committee (TC) of the Iron Range Resources and Rehabilitation Board and Northern Lights Tourism Alliance (IRRRB/NLTA). The purpose of the survey was to determine, in general, the types of freezing problems associated with onsite systems during the winter of 1999-2000.
Generalized Mineral Potential of the Mesabi Purchase Area, Northern Minnesota
(University of Minnesota Duluth, 2012-10) Severson, Mark J; Hauck, Steven A; Heine, John J; Fosnacht, Donald R
Most of the Mesabi Purchase is underlain by granitic rocks of the Giants Range Batholith that exhibit an extremely low mineral potential to host a metallic deposit. This low potential is demonstrated by the lack of mineral exploration and other core holes drilled in the area by mineral exploration companies. In fact, the vast majority of drill holes shown in the area are associated with scientific holes drilled by the Minnesota Geological Survey for mapping purposes as a follow-up of regional geophysical interpretations. The copper-nickel-PGE mineralization located to the east in the Duluth Complex does not occur in the Mesabi Purchase area. The various types of geologic terrains, and their mineral potential, albeit low in almost all cases, are listed below: • Giants Range Batholith granitic rocks (pink, purple, and orange units on map): 1. Rare Earth Elements (REEs - unknown, but most likely low to moderate potential in spatially-limited deposits; currently being investigated by NRRI throughout Minnesota); 2. Gold along fault zones or contact zones with Greenstone Belt (unknown potential, but unlikely in spatially-limited deposits); 3. Road Aggregate (crushed rock); and 4. Dimension Stone • Greenstone Belt (North Half of Block – green, pale green, and yellow units on map): 1. Copper-Zinc associated with Volcanic Hosted Massive Sulfide deposits (very low potential overall, with moderate potential in T.61N., R.17W.); 2. Gold associated with shear zones and faulted rock (very low potential overall, with weak potential in T.61N., R.17W.); • Small granitic to syenitic plutons associated with a Greenstone terrain (circular pink units on map) with a low to moderate potential of hosting Rare Earth Elements; 2 • Virginia Horn Greenstone Belt (extreme southeastern corner): 1. Gold associated with a syn-volcanic Quartz Feldspar Porphyry (very low potential that has been tested by three drill holes); and • Mesabi Iron Range (red unit on extreme southern fringe of block): 1. Magnetic Taconite ores (the potential of these ores are negligible as most of the rock has already been mined out at the Minntac West Pit, Minntac East Pit, and Minorca Pit); and 2. Road Aggregate (crushed rock – also negligible as in the above category). 3. Mine tailings for various aggregates, bridge deck surfaces, etc. Detailed Township and Range Descriptions T.61N., R.21W. Metasedimentary rocks of a Greenstone terrain are dominant and exhibit no known, or expected, mineral potential. Small syenitic plutons are present and may have a REE potential, but these are largely unexposed and mostly known from limited outcrops and a single drill hole (scientific/mapping drill hole). No known exploration for any type of mineral deposit has occurred in this township. T.61N., R.20W. Metasedimentary rocks of a Greenstone terrain with no known, or expected, mineral potential. Small syenitic plutons are present and may have a REE potential, but these are largely unexposed. No known exploration for any type of mineral deposit has occurred in this township. T.61N., R.19W. Mostly metasedimentary rocks of a Greenstone terrain (no known potential) with a small amount of mafic volcanic rocks that may have a weak potential of hosting a Cu-Zn or gold deposit. Small syenitic plutons are present and may have a REE potential, but these are largely unexposed. No known exploration for any type of mineral deposit has occurred in this township. T61N., R.18W. Both metasedimentary and mafic volcanic rocks of a Greenstone terrain are the dominant rock types. No known exploration for any type of mineral deposit has taken place in either of these rock types, and the expected mineral potential is extremely low. Granitic rocks of the Giants Range Batholith are present and exhibit a very low potential of hosting a REE deposit. Also present in the western half of the township is the Lost Lake Pluton that has been unsuccessfully explored for gold in the adjacent eastern township. The REE potential of the Lost Lake Pluton is unknown, and this pluton has been recently sampled by the NRRI. T.61N., R.17W. Both metasedimentary and mafic volcanic rocks of a Greenstone terrain are the dominant rock type. Limited exploration for gold deposits has taken place with unsuccessful results (two exploration drill holes with no follow-up). Granitic rocks of the Giants Range Batholith are present and exhibit a very low potential of hosting a REE deposit. Also present in the township is the eastern half of the Lost Lake Pluton that has been unsuccessfully explored for gold (two drill holes), but may exhibit REE potential. 3 T.60N., R.21W. Granitic rocks of the Giants Range Batholith are the most prevalent and may show a very low potential of hosting a REE deposit. A glacial drift covered Greenstone Belt is present along the western edge of the township – it exhibits a low mineral potential as this belt has never been explored by minerals companies (except further to the west). T.60N., R.20W. Granitic rocks of the Giants Range Batholith are the most prevalent. These rocks may exhibit a moderate potential of hosting a REE deposit (geochemistry results are pending in samples collected from three scientific/mapping drill holes). No known exploration for any type of mineral deposit has occurred in this township. T.60N., R.19W. This township is entirely underlain by granitic rocks of the Giants Range Batholith. These rocks may exhibit a moderate potential of hosting a REE deposit (geochemistry results are pending in samples collected from two scientific/mapping drill holes). No known exploration for any type of mineral deposit has occurred in this township. T.60N., R.18W. Granitic rocks of the Giants Range Batholith are the most prevalent. These rocks may exhibit a moderate potential of hosting a REE deposit (geochemistry results are pending in samples collected from two scientific/mapping drill holes). No known exploration for any type of mineral deposit has occurred in this township. T.60N., R.17W. About 70% of this township is underlain by granitic and schistose rocks of the Giants Range Batholith with a moderate potential of hosting a REE deposit (one scientific/mapping drill hole is present). The remaining 30% of the township is underlain by metasedimentary rocks of a Greenstone terrain with a no known, or expected, mineral potential. No known exploration for any type of mineral deposit has occurred in this township. T.59N., R21W. Granitic rocks of the Giants Range Batholith are the most prevalent, but have shown a low potential of hosting a REE deposit to date. A glacial drift covered Greenstone Belt is present in the extreme southern portion of the township – it exhibits a low mineral potential as this belt has never been explored by minerals companies (except further to the west). T.59N., R.20W. This township is entirely underlain by granitic rocks of the Giants Range Batholith. These rocks may exhibit a moderate potential of hosting a REE deposit (outcrop samples have been collected from some exposures to help ascertain this assessment). No known exploration for any type of mineral deposit has occurred in this township. 4 T.59N., R.19W. This township is entirely underlain by granitic rocks of the Giants Range Batholith. These rocks may exhibit a moderate potential of hosting a REE deposit (outcrop samples have been collected from some exposures to help ascertain this assessment). No known exploration for any type of mineral deposit has occurred in this township. T.59N., R.18W. This township is largely underlain by granitic rocks of the Giants Range Batholith. These rocks may exhibit a moderate potential of hosting a REE deposit. A wedge of highly metamorphosed Greenstone is present to the north of the Mesabi Range (on USS owned lands) and may exhibit an extremely low potential of hosting a gold deposit. No known exploration for any type of mineral deposit has occurred in this township. Mined out taconite (USS Minntac Mine) is present along the southern fringe of this township. T.59N., R.17W. This township is largely underlain by granitic rocks of the Giants Range Batholith. These rocks may exhibit a moderate potential of hosting a REE deposit. A wedge of highly metamorphosed Greenstone is present to the immediate north of the Mesabi Range and may exhibit an extremely low potential of hosting a gold deposit. No known exploration for any type of mineral deposit has occurred in this township. Mined out taconite is present along the southernmost fringe of this township (Minntac West Pit, Minntac East Pit, and Minorca Mine). T.59N., R.16W. About 85% of this township is underlain by granitic rocks of the Giants Range Batholith with a moderate potential of hosting a REE deposit. The remaining 15% of the township is underlain by mixed metasedimentary and volcanic rocks of a Greenstone terrain referred to as the “Virginia Horn.” Gold mineralization has been documented in the Virginia Horn in the township to the immediate southwest (T.58N., R.17W.). There has been limited exploration for gold in T.59N., R.16W with unsuccessful results (three drill holes). T.58N, R.19W. About 90% of the township is underlain by the Mesabi Iron Formation and the overlying Virginia Formation. The remaining 10% is underlain by igneous rocks of the Giants Range Batholith with low mineral potential.
Influence of Water Chemistry and Microbiome on Macrophyte Composition in Wild Rice Wetlands in NE Minnesota
(2022-12) Untiedt, Tyler
Abstract Wild rice (Zizania palustris) has significant cultural and ecological value in Minnesota and is the state grain. Over recent decades, a decline in wild rice abundance and distribution in the region has occurred due to environmental contamination, opportunistic species infestation, and habitat destruction. Considerable resources and effort have been invested in managing and restoring wild rice wetlands to improve wildlife habitat and opportunities for wild rice harvest. Monitoring these restoration efforts is essential to refine and optimize restoration practices. We hypothesize that changes in surface and porewater chemistry, as well as the water column microbial community in wild rice beds, affect the establishment of self-sustaining wild rice populations. Microbe-plant interactions are critical to nutrient uptake and greatly impact the fitness of aquatic macrophytes. Little investigation has been done on the environmental microbiome of wetlands in the NE Minnesota region. This study aims to characterize the bacterial community associated with the water column naturally occurring wild rice beds along with water quality and macrophyte taxa diversity. Study sites include wetlands with the presence of; self-sustaining wild rice, historical wild rice restoration activity (with and without success), and current restoration. Using a high throughput amplicon sequencing approach, we provide a holistic view of microorganisms associated water columns of wild rice wetlands, as well as wetlands dominated by competing vegetation. These results improve our understanding of microbial ecology in wild rice wetlands in Minnesota, which may be helpful in developing management strategies that promote restoration success.
Iron Range Racetrack Impact Analysis
(University of Minnesota Duluth, 2000) Lichty, Richard W; Jacobson, Jean; Lehnhoff, James; Rhyu, Jeewon; Smajlovic, Arnela; Wittrock, Tiana; Foslien, Kirsten
North Central Minnesota Forestry Economic Impact Analysis 10-Year Projections
(University of Minnesota Duluth, 2017) Haynes, Monica; Chiodi Grensing, Gina; Burke, Andrew; Hook, Alexander; Wu, Mengyuan; Haedtke, Karen
On-farm cropping trials for northwest and west central Minnesota, 2002
(University of Minnesota Extension Service, 2003-01) DeJong-Hughes, Jodi; Severson, Russ; Wilcke, Bill; Stordahl, Jim; Porter, Paul; Hansen, Neil
A summary of research conducted by University of Minnesota Extension Service on farms in Northern Minnesota in 2002. Areas of research include forages, cover crops, pasture, corn, soybeans, small grains, organic production, and more.
On-farm cropping trials for northwest and west central Minnesota, 2003
(University of Minnesota Extension Service, 2004-01) Severson, Russ; Wiersma, Jochum; Stordahl, Jim
A summary of research conducted by University of Minnesota Extension Service on farms in Northern Minnesota in 2003. Areas of research include forages, cover crops, pasture, corn, soybeans, small grains, organic production, and more.
On-farm cropping trials for northwest and west central Minnesota, 2004
(University of Minnesota Extension Service, 2005-01) Kandel, Hans; Severson, Russ; Stordahl, Jim
A summary of research conducted by University of Minnesota Extension Service on farms in Northern Minnesota in 2004. Areas of research include forages, corn, soybeans, small grains, organic production, and more.
On-Farm Cropping Trials For Northwest and West Central Minnesota, 2005
(University of Minnesota Extension Service, 2006-01) Kandel, Hans; Severson, Russ
A summary of research conducted by University of Minnesota Extension Service on farms in Northern Minnesota in 2005. Areas of research include forages, corn, soybeans, small grains, organic production, and more.

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