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Browsing by Subject "Neotropics"

Now showing 1 - 20 of 33
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    The caddisfly genus Nectopsyche: new gemma group species from Costa Rica and the Neotropics (Trichoptera:Leptoceridae)
    (University of Chicago Press, 1995) Holzenthal, Ralph W.
    Generic-level diagnoses are provided for adult males, females, and larvae of the longhorned caddisfly genus Nectopsyche Miiller (Trichoptera:Leptoceridae). In addition, seven new Costa Rican species in the gemma species group are described and illustrated: N. exophthalma n. sp., N. monticola n. sp., N. onyx n. sp., N. ortizi n. sp., (also known from Argentina, Brazil, Guyana, Mexico, Panama, Peru, Surinam, and Venezuela), N. tapanti n. sp., N. tuanis n. sp., and N. utleyorum n. sp. The new species are compared with two previously described gemma group species also known from Costa Rica, N. argentata Flint and N. gemmoides Flint, and these, too, are diagnosed and illustrated.
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    The caddisfly genus Protoptila in Costa Rica (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae)
    (Magnolia Press, 2006) Holzenthal, Ralph W.; Blahnik, Roger J.
    Nineteen species of Protoptila known from Costa Rica are revised to include 11 previously described species (P. bicornuta Flint 1963, P. boruca Flint 1974, P. burica Flint 1974, P. cana Flint 1974, P. ixtala Mosely 1937, P. laterospina Flint 1967, P. orotina orotina Flint 1974, P. spirifera Flint 1974, P. talamanca Flint 1974, P. tica Bueno-Soria 1984, and P. tojana Mosely 1954) and 8 new species (P. altura, P. bribri, P. chitaria, P. cristula, P. kjeri, P. jolandae, P. strepsicera, and P. trichoglossa). Illustrations, diagnoses, descriptions, and distribution records are provided for all species.
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    The caddisfly genus Triaenodes in Neotropics (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae)
    (Magnolia Press, 2004) Holzenthal, Ralph W.; Andersen, Trond
    The genus Triaenodes as it occurs in the Neotropics is diagnosed and discussed in the context of the world fauna. Twenty new species are described and illustrated: T. acanthus (Mexico), T. chirripo (Costa Rica), T. clauseni (Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama), T. cuyotenango (Guatemala), T. flintorum (Mexico), T. guadaloupe (Panama), T. hodgesi (Ecuador), T. hornitos (Panama), T. kilambe (Nicaragua), T. mexicanus (Mexico), T. moncho (Costa Rica), T. morai (Costa Rica, Nicaragua), T. nicaraguensis (Nicaragua), T. oaxacensis (Mexico), T. tajo (Costa Rica), T. talamanca (Costa Rica), T. tapanti (Costa Rica, Panama), T. tico (Costa Rica, Panama), T. tuxtlensis (Mexico), and T. woldai (Panama). In addition, 4 previously described species are redescribed and figured: T. abruptus Flint 1991 (Colombia), T. anomalus Flint 1967 (Nicaragua, Mexico), T. delicatus Navás 1924 (Costa Rica, Panama), and T. peruanus Flint & Reyes 1991 (Colombia, Ecuador, Peru). The status of Triaenodes columbicus Ulmer 1909, is discussed. The larval and pupal stages of a Costa Rican species and the females of 9 species are described, representing the first descriptions of these life history stages for Neotropical Triaenodes. The genus Ylodes Milne is returned to synonymy with Triaenodes, as a subgenus. A key to the males of Neotropical Triaenodes is provided.
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    Contulma paluguillensis (Trichoptera:Anomalopsychidae), a new caddisfly from the high Andes of Ecuador, and its natural history
    (University of Chicago Press, 2012) Holzenthal, Ralph W.; Rios-Touma, Blanca
    Adults and larvae of a new species of Contulma Flint (Trichoptera:Anomalopsychidae) are described from Ecuador. The new species is similar to Contulma papallacta Holzenthal and Flint, but differs in having shorter, less spatulate dorsolateral processes and shorter setose lateral processes of segment IX in the male genitalia. Monthly Hess, sticky trap, and emergence-trap collections indicated that the new species is uncommon, probably univoltine, but with continuous larval growth and extended adult emergence, and has algivorous larvae.
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    Diversity and distribution of the Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) of Ecuador
    (2017) Ríos-Touma, Blanca; Holzenthal, Ralph W.; Huisman, Jolanda; Thomson, Robin; Rázuri-Gonzales, Ernesto
    Background. Aquatic insects and other freshwater animals are some of the most threatened forms of life on Earth. Caddisflies (Trichoptera) are highly biodiverse in the Neotropics and occupy a wide variety of freshwater habitats. In Andean countries, including Ecuador, knowledge of the aquatic biota is limited, and there is a great need for baseline data on the species found in these countries. Here we present the first list of Trichoptera known from Ecuador, a country that harbors two global biodiversity ‘‘hotspots.’’ Methods.We conducted a literature review of species previously reported from Ecuador and supplemented these data with material we collected during five recent field inventories from about 40 localities spanning both hotspots. Using species presence data for each Ecuadorian province, we calculated the CHAO 2 species estimator to obtain the minimum species richness for the country. Results. We recorded 310 species, including 48 new records from our own field inventories for the country. CHAO 2 calculations showed that only 54% of the species have been found. Hydroptilidae and Hydropsychidae were the most species rich families. We report the family Xiphocentronidae for the first time from Ecuador as well as several new records of genera from different families. Discussion. As in the neighboring Andean countries of Colombia and Peru, it is common to find undescribed species of caddisflies. There are vast areas of Ecuador and the northern Andes that are completely unexplored, and we expect that hundreds of new species are yet to be discovered.
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    Five new species of Polycentropodidae (Trichoptera) from Ecuador and Venezuela
    (Magnolia Press, 2005) Hamilton, Steven W.; Holzenthal, Ralph W.
    Diagnoses, descriptions and illustrations of male genitalia are given for four new species of the Polycentropus gertschi group, Polycentropus cressae n. sp., Polycentropus neblinensis n. sp., Polycentropus quadricuspidis n. sp., and Polycentropus silex n. sp. The former two are from Venezuela and the latter two from Ecuador. In addition, a diagnosis, description and set of male genitalia illustrations are provided for Polyplectropus beccus, a new species from Ecuador. The generic placement of this species, while currently appropriate, may require reclassification pending completion of ongoing studies on Neotropical polycentropodids.
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    Four new species of Contulma from South America (Trichoptera: Anomalopsychidae)
    (Magnolia Press, 2006) Holzenthal, Ralph W.; Robertson, Desiree R.
    Four new species in the caddisfly genus Contulma Flint 1969 (Trichoptera: Anomalopsychidae) are described from Bolivia and southeastern Brazil: C. boliviensis n. sp. (Bolivia), C. fluminensis n. sp. (Brazil), C. meloi n. sp. (Brazil), and C. tripui n. sp. (Brazil). The Bolivian species represents the first record of the genus and family for Bolivia. The Brazilian species form a closely related group of species also including C. tijuca Holzenthal & Flint 1995.
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    The Larva and Pupa of Cochliopsyche vazquezae (Trichoptera:Helicopsychidae)
    (University of Chicago Press, 1988) Monson, Margot P.; Holzenthal, Ralph W.; Ahlstrand, Gilbert G.
    The larva and pupa of Cochliopsyche vazquezae Flint are described, representing the first complete description of these stages for the genus. The larva is characterized by the possession of a prominent patch of setae on the anterolateral margin of the head capsule and by a marked concavity in the postgenal region, giving a "hollowed out" appearance to the posterolateral aspect of the head. Pupae bear a similar group of setae below and mesad of the eye. Notes on the biology and habitat of C. vazquezae in Costa Rica are given.
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    Nectopsyche Neotropical Trichoptera Newsletter, Issue Number 1
    (University of Minnesota Insect Collection, 2004-01-31) No author
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    Nectopsyche Neotropical Trichoptera Newsletter, Issue Number 1 Supplement
    (University of Minnesota Insect Collection, 2004-01-31) No author
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    Nectopsyche Neotropical Trichoptera Newsletter, Issue Number 2
    (University of Minnesota Insect Collection, 2004-09-08) No author
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    Nectopsyche Neotropical Trichoptera Newsletter, Issue Number 3
    (University of Minnesota Insect Collection, 2006-06) No author
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    The Neotropical caddisfly genus Canoptila (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae)
    (Magnolia Press, 2006) Robertson, Desiree R.; Holzenthal, Ralph W.
    The caddisfly genus Canoptila Mosely (Glossosomatidae: Protoptilinae), endemic to southeastern Brazil, is diagnosed and discussed in the context of other protoptiline genera, and a brief summary of its taxonomic history is provided. A new species, Canoptila williami, is described and illustrated, including a female, the first known for the genus. Additionally, the type species, Canoptila bifida Mosely, is redescribed and illustrated. There are three possible synapomorphies supporting the monophyly of Canoptila: 1) the presence of long spine-like posterolateral processes on tergum X; 2) the highly membranous digitate parameres on the endotheca; and 3) the unique combination of both forewing and hind wing venational characters.
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    The Neotropical caddisfly genus Tolhuaca (Trichoptera: Glossosomatidae)
    (Magnolia Press, 2005) Robertson, Desiree R.; Holzenthal, Ralph W.
    The caddisfly genus Tolhauca Schmid 1964 (Glossosomatidae: Protoptilinae) is diagnosed and discussed in the context of other protoptiline genera, and a review of its taxonomic history is provided. A new species, Tolhuaca brasiliensis, from southeastern Brazil, is described and illustrated, and the type species, Tolhuaca cupulifera Schmid 1964, from Chile, is redescribed and illustrated. Additionally, females of the genus are described and illustrated for the first time. Characters of the female genitalia, wing venation, and thorax suggest that Tolhuaca is more primitive than any other protoptiline genus and probably deserves a basal placement within the subfamily. The genus shows a broadly disjunct distribution perhaps reflecting an ancient southern Gondwana pattern.
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    A new Ecuadorian species of the rare Neotropical caddisfly genus Amphoropsyche Holzenthal (Trichoptera, Leptoceridae)
    (Pensoft Publishers, 2016) Holzenthal, Ralph W.; Rios-Touma, Blanca
    A new species of the rare long-horned caddisfly genus Amphoropsyche Holzenthal is described from Ecuador, bringing the number of species known from the genus to 15. All species are very regional in their distributions and known only from very few specimens. The new species, Amphoropsyche real, is similar to a number of previously described species from Colombia (A. ayura, A. cauca, A. flinti, A. quebrada, and A. stellata) and Ecuador (A. napo and A. tandayapa). The males can be distinguished from the others by features of segment X of the male genitalia, especially the prominent midlateral and subapicodorsal spinelike setae. An updated taxonomic key to males of the genus is provided.
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    A new genus of long-horned caddisfly from the Amazon basin (Trichoptera: Leptoceridae: Grumichellini)
    (Magnolia Press, 2004) Holzenthal, Ralph W.; Pes, Ana Maria Oliveira
    Amazonatolica hamadae, new genus, new species (Leptoceridae: Grumichellini), is described from the Amazon basin of Brazil. The adult male and female, larva, pupa and case are described and illustrated. The biology and habitat of the new species is unusual for members of its tribe in that it occurs attached to vegetation in acidic, lowland streams.
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    New Neotropical species of Chimarra (Trichoptera, Philopotamidae)
    (Pensoft Publishers, 2012) Blahnik, Roger J.; Holzenthal, Ralph W.
    Ten new Neotropical species of Chimarra are described in the subgenera Chimarra, Chimarrita, and Otarrha. New species in the subgenus Chimarra include, in the C. ortiziana group: C. calori sp. n. (southeastern Brazil) and C. onchyrhina sp. n. (Venezuela); in the C. picea group: C. inchoata sp. n. (Venezuela), C. nicehuh sp. n. (Venezuela), and C. sunima sp. n. (Colombia); and in the C. poolei group: C. cauca sp. n. (Colombia) and C. desirae sp. n. (Bolivia). New species in the subgenus Chimarrita include, in the C. simpliciforma group: C. curvipenis sp. n. (SE Brazil) and C. latiforceps sp. n. (SE Brazil). A single new species in the subgenus Otarrha is also described: C. soroa sp. n. (Cuba). Males and females for all of the new species are illustrated, except for C. desirae, for which female specimens were unavailable. Additionally, the female of C. (Chimarrita) camella, which was previously unknown, is illustrated.
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    A new species of Amphoropsyche (Trichoptera, Leptoceridae) from Ecuador, with a key to the species in the genus
    (Pensoft Publishers, 2011) Holzenthal, Ralph W.; Rázuri-Gonzales, Luis Ernesto
    A new species of Amphoropsyche Holzenthal is described from Ecuador. It is similar to a group of species with dorsomesal processes on the preanal appendages (i.e., A. woodruffi Flint & Sykora, A. refugia Holzenthal, and A. aragua Holzenthal), but can be distinguished from these and other members of the genus by the short, digitate dorsomesal processes on the preanal appendages and the broad lateral processes of tergum X of the male genitalia. A key to males of the 14 species now known in the genus is presented based on characters of the genitalia.
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    New synonyms in the highly diverse caddisfly genus Smicridea (Trichoptera, Hydropsychidae)
    (Pensoft Publishers, 2016) Rázuri-Gonzales, Ernesto; Holzenthal, Ralph W.
    In this paper, Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) repula Oláh & Johanson, 2012 is synonymized with Smicridea (R.) lobata (Ulmer, 1909), and the species Leptonema islamarga Botosaneanu, 2002 is transferred to Smicridea (R.) as a synonym of S. lobata. Additionally, we present more detailed illustrations of the male genitalia of S. (R.) lobata and S. (R.) signata (Banks, 1903), and include notes on their distributions to aid in the identification of these two, often-confused species.
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    Phylogenomics of the Caddisfly Genus Smicridea, With A Taxonomic Revision of the S. Nigripennis Species Group (Trichoptera: Hydropsychidae)
    (2020-06) Razuri Gonzales, Luis
    The genus Smicridea McLachlan, 1871 (Hydropsychidae, Trichoptera) currently contains 242 species (Holzenthal & Calor 2017), and is by far, the largest Hydropsychidae genus in the Western Hemisphere. It is distributed from southwestern USA, through Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean Islands, and South America. The genus is divided into two subgenera: the nominotypical Smicridea (137 spp.) and the subgenus Rhyacophylax (105 spp.), which are distinguished based on wing venation characters. Additionally, characters of the male genitalia were used to informally define species group within both subgenera. In Chapter 1, I tested the monophyly of the genus Smicridea, its constituent subgenera, and the species groups using 200 targeted enrichment loci for 26 taxa as well as mitochondrial COI and nuclear ribosomal RNA 28S for 17 additional species to fill the tips of the backbone phylogeny, produced with the targeted enrichment loci. I used maximum likelihood, as implemented in the software IQ-TREE, to analyze the sequence supermatrix as well as the "summary" method ASTRAL-III, which takes into consideration gene tree – species tree discordance. The resulting trees from both types of analysis showed the same relationships. However, support values for some nodes in the ASTRAL-III tree were lower than those in the concatenated tree. Both subgenera in Smicridea were recovered as monophyletic as expected by morphological characters. In the subgenus Rhyacophylax, the species S. andicola, S. ventridenticulata, and S. talamanca, members of the S. peruana species group, were recovered as monophyletic, and S. radula (S. radula species group) and S. unguiculata (unplaced) were related to one another. In the subgenus Smicridea, the S. nigripennis species groups was recovered as monophyletic. Conversely, the S. fasciatella species group was recovered as paraphyletic and composed of at least 5 different clades. The clade composed of the Chilean species of Smicridea (Smicridea) and S. (S.) curvipenis diverged from the rest of the species included in this analysis. The support values for the full dataset tree (i.e., targeted enrichment loci + COI + 28S) were even lower than the support values in the ASTRAL-III for the targeted enrichment loci, and some of the relationships from the targeted enrichment loci tree were not recovered. However, the COI/28S did recover some interesting relationships such as a group of morphologically similar Brazilian species in the subgenus Rhyacophylax or the clustering of S. (R.) appendiculata and S. (R.) murina. In Chapter 2, I presented a species-level revision of the Smicridea (Smicridea) nigripennis species group. In this chapter, I discussed the morphological structure of the male genitalia and produced descriptions and illustrations for each of the species in the group. The nigripennis species group currently contains 74 species and 20 were described as new: Smicridea blahniki new species (Peru), S. chamorroi new species (Nicaragua), S. edithae new species (Peru), S. erwini new species (Peru), S. longissima new species (Venezuela), S. luhmani new species (Peru), S. maesi new species (Nicaragua), S. manabi new species (Ecuador), S. matsigenka new species (Peru), S. migueli new species (Peru), S. nanay new species (Peru), S. napravniki new species (Peru), S. pelleti new species, S. real new species (Peru), S. refulioae new species (Peru), S. riostoumae new species (Ecuador), S. robertsoni new species (Bolivia), S. rossi new species (Peru), S. tiputini new species (Ecuador), and S. uncinata new species (Ecuador). Additionally, I proposed 2 synonymies for species in this group based on morphological evidence: S. martinica and S. karukerae are junior synonyms of S. cariba and S. mincana is a junior synonym of S. nigripennis. In Chapter 3, I examined the morphology of 2 often-confused species in Smicridea (Rhyacophylax), S. lobata (Ulmer, 1909) and S. signata (Banks, 1903), providing more detailed illustrations to aid in their identification. Additionally, I synonymized S. (R.) repula Oláh & Johanson, 2012 with S. lobata, new synonym and I transferred Leptonema islamarga Botosaneanu, 2002 to Smicridea (Rhyacophylax) as a synonym of S. lobata, new combination, new synonym. Finally, I re-examined material of S. lobata and S. signata, identified by Dr. Oliver Flint and housed at the Smithsonian Insitution. As it currently stands, S. lobata is distributed from Mexico to the northern part of South America (Mexico, Guatemala, Honduras, El Salvador, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Venezuela) while S. signata is distributed in the southwestern tier of US States as well as Mexico and Guatemala.