Browsing by Subject "MTM"

Now showing 1 - 6 of 6
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Assessment of Community Pharmacists Willingness and Barriers of Medication Therapy Management (MTM) focused on Pain Management and Mental Health
    (University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, 2014) Keller, Megan E.; Bright, David R.; Sullivan, Donald L.; Cornelius, Doug C.
    Objectives: To determine the willingness and barriers of community pharmacists to provide pain management and depression MTM services. Methods: An anonymous, self-administered survey was distributed electronically to 350 licensed pharmacists in a supermarket pharmacy chain. The survey consisted of a 40 question, Likert-type scale, where strongly disagree was assigned a value of one and strongly agree a value of seven. Constructs measured included: MTM interest, comfort with MTM, confidence with appropriate medication use and adjustment, educational needs, training required, time constraints, and work-related factors. Demographic data was also collected. Results: A total of 186 (53%) community pharmacists completed the survey. These pharmacists worked in an environment where MTM was currently being provided. Ninety percent of respondents averaged 0-5 MTM sessions per 4 week period. Pharmacists agreed that patients would benefit from MTM focused on pain (median 6 IR[5-7]) and/or depression (median 6 IR[5-7]) and agreed pharmacists can have positive interventions in these situations (pain: median 6 IR[5-7]; depression: median 6 IR[5-7]). Pharmacists surveyed were interested in continuing education and live presentation as preferred methods to improve knowledge of pain management and depression. Conclusion: Pharmacists are interested in and believe patients would benefit from MTM specifically for pain management and depression. Barriers to MTM focused on pain and depression were pharmacist training and workflow issues with the MTM process.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Development of an Active Follow-up Process in a Stand-alone Medication Therapy Management (MTM) Clinic
    (University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, 2013) Hager, Keri D.
    Without following-up with patients, one cannot determine the outcomes of interventions made with patients. To ensure follow-up was occurring in a stand-alone MTM clinic, a process for active follow-up and an easy-to-use way to trigger and document follow-up was developed.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    A Grounded Theory Approach To Determining A Patient’S Decision To Use Medication Therapy Management Services
    (2016-12) Cernohous, Timothy
    Introduction: For every $1 spent on prescription drugs, another $1.30 is spent to correct drug-related problems. Pharmacist-delivered medication therapy management (MTM) services have been documented to decrease the number of drug-related problems; however, patient underutilization of MTM services hinders these programs from realizing their goals. Purpose: Using a grounded theory approach, explain the process by which a patient decides whether to initially attend an employer-sponsored, pharmacist-delivered MTM service by assessing the influence of social, cultural, and/or psychological variables on the patient’s decision. Methods: Focus group participants were recruited from two large self-insured employer groups in Minnesota that offered MTM services as a voluntary health insurance benefit, but which were experiencing low beneficiary enrollment. Study participants were at least 18 years old and were taking four or more prescription medications daily. Participants were assigned to focus groups based on gender, whether they were MTM-naïve or MTM-experienced, and on number of daily medications. Data regarding patient decisions to utilize healthcare services were collected during 12 focus group sessions. Sessions were audio and video recorded, and data codified by two coders. Results: Two primary determinants emerged: A patient’s Healthcare Utilization Paradigm and their Value Assessment of MTM. The resulting DECISION model describes specific variables that impact a patient’s evaluation of MTM: Healthcare Attitudes, Healthcare Team Relationship, Medication Attitudes, Monetary Impact, MTM Service Expectation, Accessibility and Convenience. Only MTM utilization status discriminated between patients within the model; MTM-naïve participants yielded twelve unique variables. This research contributes several new variables beyond what could be extrapolated from the existing Theory of Planned Behavior, Behavioral Model of Healthcare Utilization and AIDA marketing models: Cost of MTM Visit, Employer-Sponsored Healthcare Program, Dissonance of External Review, Scope of Services, Timing of MTM Recruitment, Trust of Program Sponsor, Pharmacist Relationship and Pharmacy Practice Experience. The latter four appear to most significantly impact a patient’s decision to participate in MTM. Conclusions: A patient’s social network, cultural views, economic paradigm and previous experiences play important roles in their MTM participation decision. The results of this study can enable MTM program sponsors and providers to optimize patient participation by increasing interest in MTM.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    The medication experience of people living with HIV: From the understanding of the meanings of medication to the development of a conceptual framework of medication experience.
    (2012-06) Alves, Mateus Rodrigues
    This is a study investigating the medication experience of people living with HIV/AIDS and the influences on the patient's relationship with medications. The study was conducted from April 2011 to April 2012. The methodology of investigation was Grounded Theory. The methods included one-to-one in-depth interviews, journaling, and observations. The participants in the study were nine people living with HIV. The results suggest that there are two dimensions of experiences associated with HIV drug therapy. One is the life disruption and the other is the meaning that the patient ascribes to medications. The results of this study are presented as a theoretical visual model. The model intends to show the complexities of living with HIV and the factors influencing the patient's relationship with medications in HIV drug therapy. The author recommends the use of narratives in patient care as a standard practice to understand the patient's medication experience. In addition, the proposed model can be used as a pedagogical tool to teach students in the health care disciplines as it portrays the complexities involved in HIV medication taking in a relatively simple manner. The findings of this study contribute to the illness experience as well as medication experience literature. Lastly, the proposed model can be applied to other illness contexts in which the use of medications is a key strategy for improving the patient's quality of life.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Patient-perceived value of Medication Therapy Management (MTM) services: a series of focus groups
    (University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, 2012-12) Schultz, Heidi; Westberg, Sarah M.; Oliveira, Djenane Ramalho de; Brummel, Amanda
    Objective: To determine the patient-perceived value of MTM services and non-financial barriers preventing patients with insurance coverage from receiving MTM services. Design: Focus groups. Setting: Fairview Pharmacy Services, Minneapolis, MN. Participants: Three focus groups, each with five to nine participants, consisting of different participant populations: (i) patients who paid out-of-pocket to receive MTM services; (ii) insurance beneficiaries, under which MTM is a covered benefit and participants may have received incentives for receiving MTM services; (iii) patients with an insurance plan which covers MTM services who were recruited to receive MTM services but declined. Intervention: MTM services. Main Outcome Measure: Patient-perceived value of MTM services and non-financial barriers. Results: Seven themes were identified relating to the patient-perceived value of MTM services: collaboration of the health care team, MTM pharmacist as a supporter/advocate/confidant, MTM pharmacist as a resource for questions and education, accessibility to the MTM pharmacist, financial incentives for participation in MTM services, MTM pharmacy as a specialty field, and the MTM pharmacist as a coordinator. Three themes were identified regarding patient-perceived non-financial barriers to receiving MTM services, including: availability of the MTM pharmacist, patient/physician lack of knowledge of MTM services, patient’s belief that MTM services are not needed. Conclusion: MTM is a service which patients identify as valuable. Patients are able to identify non-financial barriers that may prevent some patients from receiving MTM services. This study provides preliminary evidence of both the value and barriers perceived by patients.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Value of Online Medication Therapy Management Resources: Community Pharmacist Perspectives
    (University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, 2014) Doucette, William R.; Nguyen, Elaine; Zhang, Yiran; Pendergast, Jane F.; Chrischilles, Elizabeth A.; Farris, Karen B.; Frank, Jessica
    Objectives: To describe pharmacists’ attitudes toward and satisfaction with on-line training modules on MTM tools and tips for pharmacists and to characterize how useful the tools and concepts in the modules were to pharmacists when delivering MTM services. Methods: Researchers distributed a web-based survey to pharmacists who had viewed the training modules that had been posted onto the training web site of OutcomesMTM. The majority of survey questions consisted of a 6-point Likert scale. Questions assessed pharmacists’ opinions on the use of the tools. Information also was collected on implementing MTM tips, pharmacist demographics, and practice site characteristics. Results: Respondents rated the Tool to Improve Medications in the Elderly via Review (TIMER) and DRug Adherence Work-up (DRAW) tools favorably across multiple items. Many pharmacists integrated the MTM tips into their practices, and reported increased efficiency in their delivery of MTM services. Conclusion: Pharmacist training and tools such as the TIMER and DRAW tools plus MTM practice tips can assist pharmacists in providing MTM services to patients.