Browsing by Subject "Ireland"

Now showing 1 - 10 of 10
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    Cattle, Food, and the Rise of Early Ireland
    (2022-08) Crowley-Champoux, Erin
    In Ireland, at the end of the Developed Iron Age, the large regional centers that had come to significance were closed and communities that had coalesced during this period, dispersed. The Late Iron Age (1-431 AD) lacks the hallmarks of a highly stratified society. In the centuries that followed (432-1179 AD), social and political relationships were mediated through cattle and dairy products in a system referred to as a ‘dairying economy’. The mechanisms for the development of this system, however, are not well understood. This project examines the role of agricultural economies in the development of social organization and political economies across the 1st millennium AD. I address these questions using zooarchaeological methods, comparing taxonomic diversity and evenness across faunal assemblages and the analysis of the faunal remains from Ninch, Co. Meath. The comparative analysis demonstrates a greater diversity of animal husbandry practices during this broad period, including beef herding, mixed strategies, and provisioning, in addition to dairy herding. The analysis of the faunal assemblage from Ninch also demonstrates the wide variety of animal species exploited during this period and how one community negotiated social and economic change. These data reveal the valorization of cattle and the development of a system of cattle wealth in the Late Iron Age and the shift to dairy wealth in the early medieval period as a wealth management strategy.
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    The impact of charity and tax law/regulation on not-for-profit news organizations
    (The Reuters Institute for the Study of Journalism, University of Oxford and the Information Society Project, Yale Law School, 2016) Picard, Robert; Belair-Gagnon, Valerie; Ranchordás, Sofia
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    Ireland - Sustainable horticulture crop production
    (2010-11-28) Annis, Joey
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    James Connolly and the reconquest of Ireland
    (MEP Publications, 2002) Metscher, Priscilla, 1944-
    The story of the continuing Irish freedom struggle is incomplete without a reassessment of the role of James Connolly. Connolly was prominent in the Irish, British, and U.S. labor movements, a Marxist socialist, and a militant Irish patriot. Executed by the British as a leader of the Easter Rising in 1916, he was also one of the first theoreticians of the labor movement to come from the working class. Connolly's dramatic career corresponded roughly to the life span of the Second International (1889-1914). His dedication to Irish socialist politics began with the founding of the Irish Socialist Republican Party in 1896. He was the first to link the fight for socialism in Ireland to the struggle for national liberation. In the United States from 1903 to 1910, Connolly learned strike strategy working as an IWW organizer and contended with Daniel De Leon over socialist priorities. On his return to Ireland, the evolution of his thought placed him in the left wing of the Second International during World War I and led to his participation in the Easter Rising. Connolly wrote primarily on immediate issues, but dimensions of his thought survive. In addition to Irish independence and revolutionary theory, political problems relating to religion and to the emancipation of women were of serious concern to Connolly. Above all, Connolly's intellectual legacy makes an outstanding contribution to a socialist understanding of the national question. --Publisher's summary.
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    Prodigal daughters: Imprisoned women, reform, and the femine ideal in the British Isles, 1800-1877
    (2013-12) Donahue, Kelly
    In Prodigal Daughters: Imprisoned Women, Reform, and the Feminine Ideal in the British Isles, 1800-1877, I examine the image(s) of imprisoned women, attempts to reform them, movements for prison reform, and the relationship between England and Ireland. After the 1853 Penal Servitude Acts, convict systems emerged in England and Ireland that built upon changes dating from the mid-1770s. As Foucault detailed in Discipline and Punish, the modern prison punishes the mind and not the body of the prisoner. In the case of nineteenth-century English and Irish prisons, this manifested as an obsessive need to reform the prisoner. The English government's attempt to bring Ireland under control justified the testing of new penal theories on Irish prisoners. Also, Irish prisoners of both genders, as well English women prisoners, were assumed to be harder to reform because they were viewed as irrational and hyper-emotional beings. The Irish system struck a balance between punishment and reformation of the prisoner whereas the English system remained primarily punitive. Consequently reformers wanted the Irish system to be implemented in England. Chapter one tells the story of how Elizabeth Fry influenced the opening of Grangegorman Female Penitentiary outside Dublin in 1836. Chapter Two contrasts the development of the English and Irish prison systems in the first half of the nineteenth century. Prison reformers stressed individualization and intermediate prisons as the greatest contrasts between the two systems but the greatest difference between them was the handling of religious minorities. Chapter three shows how women were perceived to be disruptive to prison order while chapter four shows how that perception shaped the prison system for women. The dissertation concludes with the refuges. These refuges for convicts helped women secure work but also helped reassure the public that their reformation had been tested prior to release from prison. Prodigal Daughters juxtaposes the neglected topic of Irish women convicts with English women convicts, because the English and Irish systems were inextricably linked. Irish women prisoners deserve more attention because as I have found they were more likely to be imprisoned than were Englishwomen.
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    Rite Springs Eternal: religious confluence in the origins of Irish Holy Wells.
    (2010-12) Mallery, Silas John
    In this dissertation I explore the origins of contemporary Irish holy well veneration. There are three main theories that have been suggested to account for this religious practice. The first is the long held belief that these sacred springs represent a survival from pre- Christian, “Celtic” religious practice. This view was held fairly universally by scholars well into the twentieth century, and is today still promoted by non-academic, largely New-Age works treating holy wells. The second theory I consider is that the cult of the holy well was indeed pre-Christian, but was introduced through contact with peoples of the Roman Empire, thus representing some degree of culture change through contact with foreign practices and ideas. The third theory holds that the phenomenon is Christian in origin, although whether it is a product of ancient Christianity or a post-Reformation development is another matter. To discern which theory, or indeed combination of theories is the most accurate, I looked to documentary evidence from Classical sources, from Saints’ vitae, and from mythological narratives. I also consider the archaeological evidence for ritual deposition in watery sites across Europe, and crucially from the limited number of archaeologically excavated holy wells, as well as aerial photography and satellite imagery. To aid in interpretation of this body of evidence I use the case of sacred springs in Catholic Latin America as an ethnographic analogy of how such sites have been used to facilitate conversion of a pagan populace to Christianity. Considering all of this, I found that the holy well complex is an amalgam of different cultural strains, with much of the ritual performed deriving from Christianity, iv but with the healing shrine aspect having been introduced from Roman Britain. However, I demonstrate that the holy wells that evidence deposition in the Romano-British period are all near the “royal sites” of Iron Age and Early Medieval importance, and illustrate the many springs and ponds that exist at these sites, and that I believe will prove to have been an Iron Age precursor to the holy well.
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    Waking the Dead: The Human Remains from Mainistir Chiaráin, Inis Mór, Ireland.
    (2010-06) Lerwick, Danika Ceilidh
    For the last several decades there has been a growing increse in the archaeological research in Ireland. Much of this new research has been focused on the Gaelic western half of the country which had been mainly neglected in previous research. Researchers in Ireland are now making an attempt to understand what was happening in the Gaelic portion of the country during the medieval period. In the late 1990s, an excavation at Mainistir Chiaráin, a medieval monestary site on the island of Inis Mór, was undertaken in the hopes of shedding more light on this topic. Revealed in the excavation was an assemblage of disarticulated human remains, later understood to be a minimum of 12 people. A systematic study of this osteology was undertaken in the hopes of learning more about the lives of people living on Inis Mór. A date of the late 13th century CE was determined from a tooth by AMS dating. The bones were curated and assessed for age, sex, stature, health, work load and pathologies. Several unexpected findings came to light during the analysis, including a potential case of tuberculosis and another potential case of scurvy, as well as premolar and molar hypoplasia, mandibular torus, and shovel-shaped incisors. Speculation was made as to whether the nature of the assemblage was indiciative of the population as a whole, or if it was representitive of some sort of liminal burial of outsiders to the community. Future research is needed to answer this question.
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    Women's Rights and the Irish Election
    (2016-05) Flannery, Sara J
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    A Word, a Shadow, a Breath: A Phenomenological Investigation of Therapists' Perceptions of the Stigma Experienced by Women Residing in Ireland Who Have Had Abortions
    (2018-08) Martyr, Meredith
    Objectives: Abortion stigma is a phenomenon arising from beliefs that abortion is morally wrong and/or socially unacceptable. Abortion stigma varies in how it is created, supported, perpetrated, and experienced depending various cultural factors. The present study strived to describe the lived experience of Irish women who experience stigma post-abortion from accounts by their psychotherapists. The focus was on how stigma is experienced by these women and the variety of systems that potentially influence that experience. Method: The present study was guided by hermeneutic phenomenological methods, including thematic phenomenological analysis. Nine Irish psychotherapists (eight female, one male) who were active practitioners and members of an accrediting Irish psychotherapy agency participated in face-to-face, in depth semi-structured interviews. Interviews were transcribed and analyzed at an individual and general level. Results: Responses yielded both unique and similar experiences of psychotherapists and their female clients. Four themes emerged from the data analysis process: Secrecy; Cultural Barriers: Breathing in Irish Culture and Irish Identity; Systems Working against Women (this theme contained three subthemes: Political/Governmental, Religious, and Interlinkage of religion and politics); and Personal is Professional. The themes and sub-themes were present in every participant’s narrative. Discussion: Women in Ireland uniquely experience abortion stigma due to a variety of factors that lead to internalized stigma. Abortion stigma can cause them to experience grief, guilt, and sadness in isolation and secrecy. Mental health professionals might best serve Irish women who are experiencing abortion stigma by increasing their awareness of its precipitating factors, including the unique effects growing up an in Irish culture can have on these women and on the practitioner’s ability to fully serve this population. Future researchers might directly investigate Irish women’s experiences of abortion stigma as well as the experiences of mental health professionals who serve them.