Browsing by Subject "Interdependence"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
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    Discrepancy and evaluation in romantic relationships: testing the emotion in relationships model.
    (2009-06) Beckes, Lane Alexander
    This paper is a test of Ellen Berscheid's Emotion in Relationships Model (ERM; Berscheid, 1983; Berscheid & Ammazzalorso, 2001). This model is based primarily on the Discrepancy/Evaluation Theory of emotion propsed by George Mandler (1975; 1990a). The ERM predicts that emotion in interpersonal relationships occurs when our relationship partner violates our expectancies and interrupts our behavioral sequences. This expectancy violation leads to arousal. Cognitive evaluation of the situation then either simultaneously or subsequently determines whether the violation is positive or negative based on whether it provides an opportunity to promote the individual's welfare or poses a threat to the individual's welfare. The ERM also expands upon Mandler's ideas by formulating hypotheses related to the infrastructure of the relationship, specifically how interdependent relationship partners are. This paper provides strong evidence for the expectancy - arousal relationship in an experimental paradigm that tests people in intact relationships, using a real time interaction between the participant's and their partners. The ERM is well supported by the data and evidence for a variety of expectancy sources such as the partner's past behavior, social norms, individual differences in attachment history, and relationship interdpendence or behavioral closeness is gleaned and discussed.
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    Exploring American and Chinese Urban Youth's Value Orientations toward Human-Nature Relationship
    (2011) Li, Jie
    Most anthropologists agree that the relationship of a society to its environment is the first and most important challenge to a culture (Chemers & Altman, 1977). What are American and Chinese urban youths’ value orientations toward the human-nature relationship? What are potential differences and similarities among their value orientations that might be useful in future research regarding culture and value orientation toward the human-nature relationship? These two questions guided the research. A self-developed human-nature relationship instrument was administered to American (n=59) and Chinese urban youths (n=51) who live in Minneapolis, the U.S. and Guangzhou, China. The dominant value orientation was examined and the qualitative data analysis provides five typologies of how urban youths’ make sense of the human-nature relationship: 1) Submission; 2) Interdependence; 3) Stewardship; 4) Use; 5) Dominion. While a comparison of the qualitative result suggests Chinese and American youths have different value orientations toward human-nature relationship (interdependence in Chinese youth and stewardship in American youth), the quantitative findings suggest similar value orientation, harmony with nature. This, however, is consisting of qualitative findings as both stewardship and interdependence seem to fit with the “harmony with nature” value orientation. Recommendations for future research are discussed and the implications to environmental education are explored.