Browsing by Subject "Injury"
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Item Estimating the burden of serious farm-related Injury in Minnesota(2014-05) Landsteiner, Adrienne MarieMinnesota was ranked 6th in the United States for total sales of agricultural product, with just over $13 billion in sales in the year 2011. Only 1.1% of Minnesota's workforce was employed in agriculture for the year 2011. However, this small portion of Minnesota's workforce has one of the highest fatality rates, with 28 (40%) of the 70 work-related deaths that occurred in the year 2010. While the number of agricultural fatalities that have occurred in Minnesota is well documented, non-fatal injuries are not. To address this issue the Minnesota hospital discharge data set was used to create counts, rates, and trends of agricultural injury for 2000-2011. The Cost of Illness model was then used to create estimates of the economic burden of agricultural injuries in Minnesota for 2004-2010.Using a set of seven E codes, more than 2,000 injuries annually with a relationship to agriculture were identified. The identified cases were categorized into probable or possible depending upon the E code present in the record. These designations were created as two of the E codes, E849.1 (occurred on a farm) and E919.0 (a relationship to agricultural machinery), have a greater specificity for a relationship to agriculture than the remaining E codes. Over 500 cases were identified annually with a probable case designation. Trend analysis of all identified cases found a non-significant average increase of 1.5% annually for the time period, 2000-2011. Estimated annual costs (2010 dollars) for agricultural injury ranged between $21 and $31 million annually for 2004-2010. The majority of the costs are attributed to the indirect costs and the costs associated with fatal injuries. These estimated costs were found to be of similar magnitude to costs for motor vehicle and bicycle accidents, diabetes, and heart disease in Minnesota. This research demonstrates that hospital discharge data provides a readily available source of information for tracking agricultural injury, allowing for limited surveillance and evaluation of future intervention endeavors and policy implementation. The magnitude of the associated costs argue for better surveillance of these injuries, as well as evaluation of future interventions and policy to prevent agricultural injury.Item Evaluation of Visual Attention to Images by Adults with Traumatic Brain Injury(2017-05) Swanson, SarahAbstract The most common persistent symptoms following traumatic brain injury (TBI) include deficits in vision, cognition, and communication. The combination of cognitive-communication and visual impairments experienced by those with brain injury have detrimental effects on rehabilitation and recovery, affecting an individual’s ability to interpret the physical and social world and even engage in basic self-care tasks. Considering the widespread effects of these deficits on an individual’s daily life, healthcare professionals need information on implementation of visual supports in the rehabilitation process. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine how individuals with and without TBI exhibit differences in the decision-making process, organizational search, processing time, and accuracy when engaging in a visual processing task comparing explicit and implicit information conditions. Participants included 15 adults with histories of mild to severe TBI and 15 age-, gender-, and education-matched controls. Participants completed a decision-making task where they matched picture to sentence for three conditions: (a) a condition targeting the main action, (b) a condition targeting a background detail, and (c) a condition targeting a physical or mental inference. The researchers utilized eye-tracking hardware and software to track participant eye movements and analyze various eye-movement metrics. Results of this study demonstrated that participants with and without TBI demonstrated significantly more regressions to the sentence, a higher number of fixations, and longer average fixation duration for the inference condition. Furthermore, participants with TBI displayed significantly longer fixations for the inference condition compared to controls, all of which suggest that the inference condition was more challenging or engaging than the explicit conditions. Additionally, all participants allocated nearly the same percentage of time fixating on the target image as they did to viewing all three foil images collectively. This information provides insight into how individuals with and without TBI make decisions. Rehabilitation professionals need information regarding the use of visual supports for individuals with TBI. The knowledge gained from this research provides important information visual processing following TBI and the use of images in rehabilitation to support cognition and language comprehension.Item Minor Head Trauma – what should I look for?(2009-08-20) Sibley, TedIf a patient has a minor head injury and a Glascow Coma Scale of 15, then there are certain identifiable risk factors that need to be evaluated for to determine the need for further imaging. These risk factors include: Loss of Consciousness, Post-Traumatic Amnesia, Seizure, Confusion, Focal Neurological Deficit, Vomiting, Headache, Skull Fracture, age over 60, or patient with a coagulopathy. If two or more of these risk factors are present, then patient will need neuroimaging. If only one risk factor is present, then it is up to the physican to determine if patient needs neuroimaging.Item Sleep patterns and risk of injury among rural Minnesota adolescents.(2009-08) Langner, Deborah MerchantSleep occupies a third of our lives; yet, only of late has credit been given to the significant role it plays in our health and well-being. Teens often are limited in the duration of sleep acquired, due to time-consuming activities, as well as biological and environmental aspects of adolescence. The current study explores potential risk of injury among teens by examining associations between sleep patterns, sleep duration, and injury. Youth at Work, an open cohort from 41 rural high schools in Minnesota, followed 15,002 students from 2001-2003. Data were collected through a self-completed questionnaire, distributed to each student four times during the 2001-2002 and 2002-2003 school years. Questionnaire responses described events in either the summer months (fall administration) or the school year (spring administration). A total of 41, 272 questionnaires were completed. Analysis included odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) calculations using logistic regression, controlling for potential confounders by means of directed acyclic graphs. Results indicated that adolescents who reported sleeping six hours or less every night during the summer had an increased risk of injury (OR = 1.40; CI = 1.13, 1.72). Risk of injury increased further for individuals who slept six hours or less during the weekend nights in the summer, but received optimal sleep on weeknights (OR = 1.60; CI = 1.20, 2.14). During the school year, students who reported six hours of sleep or less during school nights and sub-optimal sleep on weekend nights also had an increased risk of injury (OR = 1.53; CI = 1.07, 2.20), as did individuals who slept nine hours or longer on weekend nights but acquired insufficient sleep on school nights (OR = 1.71; CI = 1.22, 2.39). Among working adolescents, teens employed in entertainment who routinely slept six hours or less or greater than six hours but less than nine hours, had the greatest risk of work-related injury, compared with well-rested teens in this occupation (OR = 3.61; CI = 1.17, 11.09). Construction workers who slept either insufficient or sub-optimal hours also were nearly three times as likely to be injured as teens sleeping optimal hours (OR = 2.69; CI = 1.19, 6.06). Among farmers, risk of injury doubled for young adults who had insufficient sleep some nights, but slept optimally other nights (OR = 2.05; CI = 1.37, 3.07). Improved knowledge of these associations and potential risks could help to target intervention efforts for the prevention of injuries among adolescents.Item Temperature, Heat Waves, Crime, and Injuries in Hanoi, Vietnam(2022-12) Le, Vu Thuy HuongManuscript 1: The effects of temperature on behavior change and mental health have previously been explored, but the association between temperature and crime is less well understood, especially in developing countries. Single-city-level data were used to evaluate the association between the short-term effects of temperature on crime events in urban Hanoi, Vietnam. We used quasi-Poisson regression models to investigate the linear effects and distributed lag non-linear models to investigate the non-linear association between daily temperature and daily crime events from 2013 to 2019. There were 3884 crime events, including 1083 violent crimes and 2801 non-violent crimes, during the 7-year study period. For both linear and non-linear effects, there were positive associations between an increase in daily temperature and crime, and the greatest effects were observed on the first day of exposure (lag 0). For linear effects, we estimated that each 5 °C increase in daily mean temperature was associated with a 9.9% (95%CI: 0.2; 20.5), 6.8% (95%CI: 0.6; 13.5), and 7.5% (95%CI: 2.3; 13.2) increase in the risk of violent, non-violent, and total crime, respectively. For non-linear effects, however, the crime risk plateaued at 30 °C and decreased at higher exposures, which presented an inverted U-shape response with large statistical uncertainty. Manuscript 2: Heatwaves are a pervasive natural hazard that can have significant public health impacts on society. The effects of heatwaves on health, including mental health disorders, are well documented, but the effects on criminal behavior are unclear, particularly in understudied tropical regions. This study evaluates the heatwave-crime associations in urban Hanoi, Vietnam, for seven years (2013- 2019). The time-stratified case-crossover study design with a quasi-Poisson regression model was applied for three heatwave definitions of increasing severity. We found that heatwaves were weakly protective factors against crime risk in urban Hanoi under all three heatwave definitions. For non-violent crime, 4-day heatwaves of 34.5 °C showed the most protective effect (RR=0.28, 95%CI = 0.08, 0.94), and for violent crime, 2-days heatwave of 32 °C showed the most protective effect (RR= 0.65; 95%CI = 0.45; 0.93). In addition, longer heatwave durations under all heatwave scenarios decreased violent and non-violent crime risks. However, we used data in only urban Hanoi, so further research is warranted, including the addition of future years and more cities in Vietnam to investigate the comprehensive effects of heat on crime in this southeast Asian study area. Manuscript 3: Injuries take the lives of 4.4 million people worldwide each year and constitute nearly 8% of all deaths. Vietnam, considered a low-and-middle-income country (LMIC), has suffered a heavy toll on the burden of injury. This is the first study to investigate temperature-injury associations in Vietnam. This study used emergency visit data from 733 hospitals and clinics in Hanoi to examine the linear and non-linear effects of temperature on the injury for three years (2017-2019). We found that the proportion of males visiting the emergency department (ED) due to injury is higher than females, and similar trends are observed across different age groups, except for people aged 60 and older. The temperature-injury associations differ by gender and age. For linear effects, the lowest risk was in people aged 60 and older, followed by people aged under 15, people aged 15 to 44, and people aged 45- 59. People exposed to a higher temperature, especially in the highest quintile, show higher injury risk than those exposed to below 21.30 °C. For non-linear effects, we observed an increase in the risk of injury at high temperatures but a decrease in the risk of injury at low temperatures compared to the threshold temperature of 15 °C. Males have a higher injury risk than females when temperature increases. On average, males and people under 60 were identified to be at higher risk of temperature-related injury than other females and people 60 and older. Future research is warranted to investigate temperature injury among different groups of people and the causes of injury.