Browsing by Subject "Hunger"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    The creation and testing of a scale to measure the subjective experiences of hunger and satiety.
    (2011-07) Karalus, Melinda B.
    The objective of this research was to develop and test a questionnaire to assess satiety sensations. Factor analysis of satiety related questions revealed five factors: mental hunger, physical hunger, mental fullness, physical fullness and food liking. In the first validation study, thirty participants evaluated satiety feelings produced by oranges and oatmeal at 0min, 60min and 120min after consumption. Food intake from an ad libitum snack offered two hours after breakfast was covertly recorded. The factor scales and traditional single-item scales (hunger, fullness, desire, and prospective consumption) revealed that oatmeal was more satiating than oranges. The factor scales offered enhanced understanding over the traditional scales by showing that oranges produced much more mental hunger and slightly more physical hunger than the oatmeal. The factor scales also had smaller distributions around the means and greater effect sizes than the traditional scales indicating a greater sensitivity to the differences between the oranges and the oatmeal. In a second study, participants evaluated satiety feelings produced by two equal-calorie smoothies that differed only in that one contained cumin to lower acceptability. The more palatable regular smoothie provided greater mental fullness factor sensations than the spiced cumin smoothie. Again, all of the factor scales produced smaller distributions around the means and greater effect sizes. In a third validation study, hunger and satiety of oligofructose, inulin, soluble corn fiber, resistant wheat starch and a control with no added fiber in chocolate crisp bars was evaluated. Food intake was measured at an ad libitum lunch served 180min after breakfast and subjects recorded food intake over the remainder of the 24hr study day. Breath hydrogen and methane and GI tolerance were assessed. While there were no significant differences in hunger or satiety found using the traditional scales or factor scales among the fiber treatment bars, the factor scales exhibited the least amount of variability with smaller standard deviations around the means. The oligofructose bar produced the greatest amount of breath hydrogen, bloating and flatulence ratings while the control bar produced the least. The multi-item hunger and fullness factor scales offer enhanced sensitivity and understanding of satiety produced by foods.
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    Food For The Hungry: The Impact of Increased SNAP Payouts on Hunger
    (Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs, 2014-05-03) Rolando, Dominique
    In 2009, Congress passed the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act (ARRA). This legislation provided an increase in Supplemental Food Assistance Program (SNAP) payouts of 15%, on average. Employing the Linear Probability, Logit and Ordered Logit Difference-in-Difference models, I estimate the impact of this payout increase on reported hunger. I use data from the Food Security Supplement of the Current Population Survey. The results show that increases in SNAP payouts have reduced the probability of being hungry at all in the previous month. Furthermore, when estimating the impact on the frequency of hunger, I find that those who are likely to report being hungry more often experience larger reductions in their probability of being hungry due to increases in SNAP payouts. These findings support the effectiveness of increased SNAP payouts during harsh economic times and further help identify the level of reported hunger for which increasing payouts is more significant.
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    The Work of "Feeding the World": from India's Green Revolution to the Paradox of Plenty
    (2014-12) Moore, Ilona
    The food situation in India today defies conventional development wisdom: while the government struggles to dispose of massive food surpluses, the population is among the most malnourished and food-insecure in the world. This dissertation traces the conceptual lineages of the policies that have produced this "paradox of plenty" back to the Green Revolution of the 1960s through to today. In this exploration, my research finds that the situation is not a "paradox," but unfortunately, is a predictable, even banal, result of the very policy prescriptions offered as the means of ending hunger and the path to development. Navigating policy details, readings of development and modernization theory, and the uniquely important role of food and agricultural aid and hunger in India-US relations, I draw on extensive archival research and insights yielded through "expert" interviews to unravel the logic underlying development and the policy prescriptions to elucidate how the logic of the Green Revolution's "development" path has produced today's conditions of hunger amidst plenty.