Browsing by Subject "Hordeum vulgare L"

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    Agronomic characteristics, malt quality, and disease resistance of barley germplasm lines with partial Fusarium head blight resistance
    (Crop Science, 2005-07) Steffenson, Brian; Urrea, Carlos A.; Horsley, Richard D.; Schwarz, Paul B.
    Fusarium head blight (FHB), incited by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe, has caused devastating losses in both yield and quality of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) produced in the northern Great Plains from 1993 to 2003. Thirty-five barley germplasm lines with partial resistance to FHB have been identified in exotic and unadapted germplasm lines. Little is known about their agronomic characteristics, malt quality, and reaction to other diseases as compared to adapted cultivars. This information is needed so barley breeders can make informed decisions when planning crosses involving the resistant germplasm lines. The objective of this study was to compare the agronomic performance, malt quality, and disease reaction of barley germplasm lines with partial FHB resistance to cultivars grown in the northern Great Plains. Agronomic and malting data were collected on the 35 germplasm lines and five check cultivars grown in five environments in North Dakota from 1998 to 2000. Data for FHB severity and deoxynivalenol (DON, a mycotoxin produced by F. graminearum) accumulation were obtained for the same 40 entries grown in FHB-epidemic nurseries in North Dakota from 1997 to 1999. Seedling responses to foliar pathogens common in the northern Great Plains were determined in the greenhouse during fall 1997. None of the FHB-resistant barley germplasm lines had acceptable malt quality for all traits. Kernel plumpness, grain protein concentration, and malt extract were the traits impacted most severely. The FHB-resistant barley germplasm lines headed significantly later than the adapted barley cultivars. Most FHB-resistant germplasm lines were susceptible to the common foliar diseases of the northern Great Plains. At least four cycles of breeding will probably be necessary to develop FHB-resistant germplasm lines acceptable to producers and the malting and brewing industry.
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    Genome-wide association mapping of fusarium head blight resistance and agromorphological traits in barley landraces from Ethiopia and Eritrea
    (Crop Science, 2015-06-12) Steffenson, Brian; Mamo, Bullo Erena
    Fusarium head blight (FHB), caused primarily by Fusarium graminearum, is an important disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), and other cereals. In barley, the genetic basis of FHB resistance has been intensively studied through linkage mapping that identified several quantitative trait loci (QTL). However, our understanding and application of these QTL in breeding is still limited due to the complex nature and low-to-moderate heritability of FHB resistance. Previous studies used either breeding lines, unimproved varieties, or germplasm selections. Here, we used association mapping in barley landraces to identify QTL associated with FHB severity, deoxynivalenol (DON) concentration and correlated agromorphological traits. Diverse barley landraces (n = 298) from Ethiopia and Eritrea were evaluated for the traits under field conditions for 2 yr (2011–2012) in Crookston, MN, and genotyped with 7842 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. Association mapping analysis using a mixed model corrected for pairwise relatedness between individuals identified one common resistance QTL on barley chromosome 2HL significantly associated with both FHB severity and DON concentration and another one on 4HL associated with DON concentration. The QTL identified on 2HL is associated with the row-type locus Vrs1. Both of these QTL were not significantly associated with heading date or plant height unlike other QTL reported in previous studies. Thus, the resistant accessions carrying these QTL may be used in breeding programs without the confounding effects from these agromorphological traits. Importantly, these QTL could be new alleles preserved in this unique germplasm, and the linked SNP markers found may be useful in marker-assisted introgression of resistance.
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    Identification of QTLs Associated with Fusarium Head Blight Resistance in Barley Accession CIho 4196
    (Crop Science, 2006) Steffenson, Brian; Horsley, R.D.; Schmierer, D.; Maier, C.; Kudrna, D.; Urrea, C.A.; Schwarz, P.B.; Franckowiak, J.D.; Green, M.J.; Zhang, B.; Kleinhofs, A.
    Fusarium head blight (FHB), incited by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe [teleomorph Gibberella zea (Schwein)], reduces quality of harvested barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) because of blighted kernels and the presence of deoxynivalenol (DON), a mycotoxin produced by the pathogen. CIho 4196, a two-rowed type, is one of the most resistant accessions known in barley; however, it possesses many undesirable agronomic traits. To better understand the genetics of reduced FHB severity and DON accumulation conferred by CIho 4196, a genetic map was generated using a population of recombinant inbred lines derived from a cross between Foster (a six-rowed malting cultivar) and CIho 4196. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) analyses were performed using data obtained from 10 field environments. The possible associations of resistance QTLs and various agronomic and morphological traits in barley also were investigated. The centromeric region of chromosome 2H flanked by the markers ABG461C and MWG882A (bins 6-10) likely (P < 0.001) contains two QTLs contributing to lower FHB severity and plant height, and one QTL each for DON accumulation, days to heading, and rachis node number. The QTL for low FHB severity in the bin 8 region explained from 3 to 9% of the variation, while the QTL in the bin 10 region explained from 17 to 60% of the variation. A QTL for DON accumulation that explained 9 to 14% of the variation was found in the bin 2 region of chromosome 4H. This may represent a new QTL not present in other FHB resistant sources. Resistance QTLs in the bin 8 region and bin 10 region of chromosome 2HL were provisionally designated Qrgz-2H-8 and Qrgz-2H-10, respectively. The QTL for DON accumulation in chromosome 4H was provisionally named QDON-4H-2.
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    Infection of gramineous species by Barley Yellow Dwarf Viruses in California
    (Crop Science, 1990) Steffenson, Brian; Griesbach, J.A.; Brown, M.P.; Falk, B.W.; Webster, R.K.
    Barley yellow dwarf viruses (BYDVs) continue to cause losses California cereal production. In some parts of the USA, native grasses have been implicated as reservoirs of BYDVs. This study examines the potential of native and irrigated pasture grasses as sources of BYDV inoculum in California. Theffects of both natural and natural plus supplemental inoculum were examined in field trials over two growing seasons using a completely randomized design. Results were assessed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and verified with controlled greenhouse vector transmission trials. Thirty-seven of 56 species of cool-season grasses were infected by either PAV, MAV, or RPV isolates of the BYDVs. Of the BYDV-infected grasses, only 38% displayed symptoms typically seen in infected oat (Avena sativa L.) and barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), while the others were asymptomatic. None of the plants from seven species of Leymus, nor plants from the majority of Elymus and Elytrigia species, had detectable BYDV infections, even though they supported aphid vector populations. A survey of common grasses from irrigated pastures showed that plants from 6 of 10 species were infected by either the PAV, MAV, or RPV isolates of BYDVs. The incidence of MAV, PAV, and RPV BYDVs were roughly equivalent for the cool-season grasses, but were highly skewed toward PAV in the irrigated pasture survey. Both cool-season and irrigated warm-season pasture grasses have the potential to serve as BYDV reservoirs in California.
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    Mapping net blotch resistance in ‘Nomini’ and CIho 2291 barley
    (Crop Science, 2014-11-01) Steffenson, Brian; O'Boyle, P.D.; Brooks, W.S.; Barnett, M.D.; Berger, G.L.; Stromberg, E.L.; Saghai Maroof, M.A.; Liu, S.Y.; Griffey, C.A.
    Net blotch (Pyrenophora teres) is one of the most devastating diseases of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) worldwide. Identification of diagnostic molecular markers associated with genes and quantitative trait loci (QTL) for net blotch resistance will facilitate pyramiding of independent genes. Linkage mapping was used to identify chromosomal locations of the independent, dominant genes conditioning net blotch resistance in the winter barley ‘Nomini’ (PI 566929) and spring barley CIho 2291. The F2 populations of 238 and 193 individuals, derived from crosses between the susceptible spring barley parent ‘Hector’ (CIho 15514) and the resistant parents Nomini and CIho 2291, respectively, were used to map the genes governing resistance in the resistant parents. The dominant gene governing resistance in Nomini, temporarily designated Rpt-Nomini, was mapped to a 9.2-cM region of barley chromosome 6H between the flanking microsatellite markers Bmag0344a (r2 = 0.7) and Bmag0103a (r2 = 0.9), which were 6.8 and 2.4 cM away from Rpt-Nomini, respectively. The dominant gene governing resistance in CIho 2291, temporarily designated Rpt-CIho2291, was mapped to a 34.3-cM interval on the distal region of barley chromosome 6H between the flanking microsatellite markers Bmag0173 (r2 = 0.65) and Bmag0500 (r2 = 0.26), which were 9.9 and 24.4 cM away from Rpt-CIho2291, respectively. Identification of the chromosomal location of Rpt-Nomini and Rpt-CIho2291 will facilitate efforts in pyramiding multiple genes for net blotch resistance.
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    Quantitative trait loci for multiple disease resistance in wild barley
    (Crop Science, 2005) Steffenson, Brian; Yun, S.J.; Gyenis, L.; Hayes, P.M.; Matus, I.; Smith, K.P.; Muehlbauer, G.J.
    Foliar diseases of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) such as spot blotch [caused by Cochliobolus sativus (Ito & Kuribayashi) Drechs. ex Dastur], net type net blotch (NTNB; caused by Pyrenophora teres f. teres Drechs), Septoria speckled leaf blotch (SSLB; caused by Septoria passerinii Sacc.), leaf scald [caused by Rhynchosporium secalis (Oudem.) J. J. Davis], and powdery mildew (caused by Blumeria graminis f. sp. hordei Em. Marchal) can result in significant yield reductions in many production areas. The wild progenitor of cultivated barley, Hordeum vulgare subsp. spontaneum is well known as a rich source of disease resistance. To determine the location of H. vulgare subsp, spontaneum-derived alleles for disease resistance, we conducted quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis of a recombinant inbred line (RIL) population derived from a cross between the resistant H. vulgare subsp, spontaneum accession OUH602 and the two-rowed malting cultivar Harrington. A total of 151 simple sequence repeats (SSR) markers were mapped into 11 linkage groups, covering 948 cM. Major QTLs for resistance to each disease were identified: one for spot blotch resistance on chromosome 1(7H); three for NTNB resistance on chromosomes 3(3H), 4(4H), and 5(1H); two for SSLB resistance on chromosomes 2(2H) and 6(6H); one for leaf scald resistance on chromosome 5(1H); and two for powdery mildew resistance on chromosomes 4(4H) and 5(1H). Resistance alleles for each QTL were contributed by OUH602, except those for NTNB and powdery mildew resistance on chromosome 5(1H) and chromosome 4(4H), respectively. The two QTLs identified for SSLB resistance are novel. All other QTLs mapped to regions where known resistance QTLs or major resistance genes have been reported. Our results indicate that most of the OUH602-derived loci are clustered in regions coincident with those described in cultivated barley. These resistance QTLs and their associated markers should be valuable for further exploitation of disease resistance variation in barley improvement.
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    Registration of ‘Quest’ spring malting barley with improved resistance to Fusarium head blight
    (Journal of Plant Registrations, 2013-01-25) Steffenson, Brian; Smith, K.P.; Budde, A.; Dill-Macky, R.; Rasmusson, D.C.; Schiefelbein, E.; Wiersma, J.J.; Wiersma, J.V.; Zhang, B.
    ‘Quest’ (Reg No. CV-348, PI 663183) is a spring, six-rowed, malting barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) released by the Minnesota Agricultural Experiment Station in January 2010 on the basis of its improved resistance to Fusarium head blight [FHB; caused by Fusarium graminearum Schwabe; teleomorph Gibberella zeae (Schwein) Petch]. Quest was developed over three breeding cycles of selection for yield, malting quality, and FHB resistance. Disease resistance traces to the Midwest cultivar MNBrite and the two-rowed accession from China Zhedar1. Quest has about half the level of disease and about 40% less of the associated mycotoxin, deoxynivalenol, compared to the historically important cultivar in the region ‘Robust’. Quest is similar in yield to the current dominant varieties in the region and was approved as a malting variety by the American Malting Barley Association.