Between Dec 19, 2024 and Jan 2, 2025, datasets can be submitted to DRUM but will not be processed until after the break. Staff will not be available to answer email during this period, and will not be able to provide DOIs until after Jan 2. If you are in need of a DOI during this period, consider Dryad or OpenICPSR. Submission responses to the UDC may also be delayed during this time.

Browsing by Subject "High intensity interval training"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Effects of A Remote, YouTube-Delivered Exercise Intervention on Young Adults’ Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, Sleep Quality, and Psychosocial Outcomes during the COVID-19 Pandemic: Randomized Controlled Trial
    (2021-08) McDonough, Daniel
    Introduction: Recent population-level surveillance data indicate that over 80% of U.S. adults fail to meet the minimum physical activity recommendations for aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activities. This has become a major public health challenge given the numerous physiological and economic consequences associated with physical inactivity. Additionally, high levels of physical inactivity have been observed to adversely affect individuals' sleep quality which further contributes to the incidence of hypokinetic diseases and all-cause mortality and further burdens the economy indirectly by decreasing daytime productivity. With the outbreak of the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and the enacted regulations to reduce its transmission, there is currently an infectious disease pandemic that has compounded the preexisting physical inactivity pandemic. While all demographics have been affected by these regulations, U.S. young adults in particular have been forced to make extraordinary changes to their lifestyle and behavioral patterns which has created exceptional barriers to their physical activity participation and has further exacerbated the issue of poor sleep quality in this population. Recent public health guidelines, therefore, have called for innovative and flexible physical activity intervention strategies to promote physical activity and health amid the COVID-19 pandemic. Given present-day young adults are technology-savvy and are the primary consumers of social media, delivering a physical activity promotion intervention via social media may be an effective strategy for remotely disseminating such an intervention. However, meta-analyses have observed social media-based interventions to be ineffective at improving young adults’ physical activity levels and only one randomized controlled trial to date has examined the effectiveness of video-based social media platforms on this populations’ physical activity, showing no positive effects. Therefore, this study’s purpose was to examine the effects of a remote, home-based, YouTube video-delivered aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity intervention on young adults’ free-living aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity, sedentary behavior, sleep quality, and psychosocial health outcomes over 12 weeks compared to control (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04499547). Methods: Sixty-four young adults (48 females; X̅age = 22.8 ± 3.4 years; X̅BMI = 23.1 ± 2.6 kg/m2) from a large metropolitan research University in the Midwest participated in this prospective, 12-week, parallel randomized controlled trial during Fall 2020/Winter 2021. In detail, participants were randomized (1:1) into the intervention group (received weekly aerobic and muscle-strengthening physical activity videos grounded in Self-determination theory) or control group (received weekly general health education videos) for 12 weeks. Briefly, the intervention videos were grounded in Self-determination Theory because recent research observed that young adults demonstrated lower autonomous motivation to engage in home-based physical activities during the COVID-19 pandemic due to limited or no access to familiar exercise equipment, among other reasons. Briefly, Self-determination theory postulates that by fulfilling three basic human psychological needs (i.e., competency, autonomy, and relatedness), one’s motivation for physical activity will progress to more internally regulated forms, ranging from amotivation to intrinsic motivation, thereby improving the likelihood of longer-term adherence to physical activity. The primary outcome was free-living moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity, and the secondary outcomes were sedentary behavior, light physical activity, and sleep quality (measured using wrist-worn ActiGraph GT9X accelerometers) and muscle-strengthening physical activity frequency, Self-determination theory-related autonomous motivation for physical activity (i.e., non-regulation, external regulation, introjected regulation, identified regulation, integrated regulation, and intrinsic regulation), perceived physical activity barriers, physical activity-related enjoyment, physical activity-related self-efficacy, and Self-determination Theory-related social support (assessed using validated questionnaires). Process evaluation outcomes (intervention fidelity, use, and adherence) were also evaluated. Repeated measures ANCOVAs examined between-group differences for all study outcomes at a Bonferroni-adjusted significance level of 0.003 (0.05/16 outcomes) to account for potential bias from multiple comparisons and effect sizes were calculated as partial eta-squared (p2) for outcomes which were observed as statistically significant. Results: Three experimental group participants discontinued participation for reasons unrelated to the study (retention rate = 95.3%). Because these participants’ baseline data were not significantly different from completers’ data, an intent-to-treat analysis was employed which was determined a priori. Because between-group demographic differences in randomized, parallel trials are, by definition, due to chance, baseline group differences were not statistically examined. Overall, however, it was determined that baseline comparisons between groups were not materially different and thus, concluded that the randomization procedures were robust. Statistically significant between-group differences were observed for moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity, sleep efficiency, muscle-strengthening physical activity frequency, non-regulation, integrated regulation, and intrinsic regulation, perceived physical activity barriers, and physical activity-related self-efficacy (F(1, 62) = 10.64-228.87, p < 0.001-0.002, p2 = 0.15-0.79) with all outcomes favoring the intervention group after 12 weeks. However, no statistically significant between-group differences were observed for sedentary behavior, light physical activity, sleep duration, external, introjected, and identified regulations, and physical activity-related enjoyment after 12 weeks (F(1, 62) = 0.69-4.60, p = 0.04-0.61). Conclusion: With some national COVID-19 restrictions still in place and uncertainty regarding post-pandemic physical activity/exercise environments and behaviors, a remote, YouTube-delivered physical activity and exercise intervention may help foster clinically meaningful improvements in young adults’ free-living moderate-to-vigorous-intensity physical activity, muscle-strengthening physical activity frequency, sleep efficiency, physical activity-related intrinsic motivation, perceived physical activity barriers, and physical activity-related self-efficacy after 12 weeks. Indeed, this intervention yielded high interest, adherence, and use/acceptability among the sample of young adults.
  • Thumbnail Image
    Item
    Individual’s Affective Responses to High Intensity Interval Training Relative to Moderate Intensity Continuous Training
    (2021-05) Dregney, Tyler
    Even though physical activity among adults is associated with several health benefits, the majority of adults do not meet physical activity recommendations. Examining if the type of physical activity has an impact on an individual’s affective and psychological responses is vital in potentially increasing the physical activity rates among young adults. The purpose of this study was to examine the affective responses among participants who completed a high intensity interval training (HIIT) class or a moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) class. Participants (n=41) were randomized to participate in either the HIIT or MICT class. There was no effect of group assignment on enjoyment, self-efficacy for physical activity, tranquility, positive engagement, or revitalization. There was an effect of group assignment on physical exhaustion and mid-class affect. HIIT resulted in more physical exhaustion and displeasurable affect during physical activity than MICT. However, group assignment did not impact participant’s enjoyment or post-class affect. These findings suggest that although HIIT requires more exertion and intensity relative to MICT, the affect and enjoyment experienced as a result of physical activity does not differ. Given the lack of physical activity in young adults, examining enjoyable avenues for physical activity is crucial. Further research is needed to examine the extent that affect before, during, and after a session of physical activity predicts future engagement in physical activity.