Browsing by Subject "Growth performance"

Now showing 1 - 3 of 3
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    Effects Of Algae Feeding On Mouse Metabolome
    (2017-09) Ma, Yiwei
    Algae have been investigated and developed as a source of food, dietary supplement, and biofuel, due to their chemical and nutrient composition. Algae consumption carries algal proteins, polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), vitamins, dietary fibers, and bioactive compounds into the biological systems of humans and animals, and therefore are expected to elicit metabolic and physiological responses. Numerous efforts have been undertaken to understand the health-promoting effects of algae consumption, such as their hypolipidemic, antioxidant, anti-obesity and anti-cancer properties. However, the metabolic events in algae-elicited effects were not examined in details in spite of the fact that these benefits are largely based on the metabolic interactions between algal components and the biological system. In this study, the influences of consuming green algae (Scenedesmus sp.) on the metabolic status of young mice was investigated through growth performance, blood chemistry, and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS)-based metabolomics. Compared to the control diet, 5% algae promoted growth performance while 20% algae suppressed it. The growth performance was significantly increased by 5% algae but decreased by 20% algae feeding. Serum glucose, triacylglycerols (TAG), and blood urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were not affected by both treatments, but serum cholesterol level was dramatically decreased by 20% algae feeding. Metabolomic analysis of liver, serum, feces and urine samples revealed diverse influences of algae feeding on mouse metabolome, which are represented by the features as follows: 1). Urinary vitamins and fecal pigments are identified as robust exposure markers of algae feeding. 2). Despite the high-level protein in algae, the impacts of algae feeding on free amino acids in serum and the liver were quite limited. 3). Algae feeding increased the PUFA levels in serum and liver lipidomes and the free fatty acids in feces. 4). 5% algae increased the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) in the liver while 20% algae increased the level of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) in the liver and the levels of aldehydic lipid oxidation products (LOPs) in the liver and urine. 5). 5% algae selective increased the levels of intermediate metabolites, including adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenylsuccinic acid, dephospho-CoA, and nicotinamide, in the liver while 20% algae increased the levels of carnitine and carnitine derivatives in the liver. 6). Algae feeding dramatically altered the microbial metabolism, as reflected by the increases in short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and primary bile salts in feces, the increases of branched fatty acids in urine, the decreases of secondary bile acids in feces, and the decrease of p-cresol metabolites in urine. Overall, multiple correlations between metabolite markers and growth performance in algae feeding were established in this study and could serve as a foundation for further mechanistic investigations on the biological effects of algae feeding.
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    Efficacy of prebiotics and probiotics on growth performance in poultry: A protocol for a systematic review
    (2020) Hwang, Haejin; Miller, Elizabeth A.; Johnson, Abigail; Valeris-Chacin, Robert; Nault, Andre J.; Singer, Randall S.; Johnson, Timothy J.
    The use of prebiotics and probiotics as dietary additives in poultry has been practiced widely as an alternative to antibiotics and to support gut health. Despite the wealth of products available, there is currently a lack of clear scientific evidence that the use of prebiotics and probiotics beneficially impact growth performance in poultry. The aim of this protocol paper is to document the process of a systematic review addressing the following review question: Does oral administration of a prebiotic (defined as dietary fiber, dietary carbohydrates, oligosaccharides, or yeast cell wall) or probiotic (defined or undefined single or mixed cultures of living bacteria, fungi, and/or yeast) provide beneficial effects on growth performance in broiler chickens and turkeys? The proposed systematic review will provide evidence on the effectiveness of prebiotics and probiotics for enhancing growth performance in poultry, and will help to alleviate high skepticism, criticism, and confusion over the use of prebiotics and probiotics in poultry among poultry producers.
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    Evaluation of swine liquid feed system with corn - ethanol co-products
    (2014-09) Meried, Woldeab
    Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the use of ethanol co-products, wet distillers grain (WDG) and condensed distillers soluble (CDS), in a swine liquid feeding system. The first experiment was conducted to evaluate the concentration of DE and ME and the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) and apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of energy and nutrients in WDG and CDS fed to growing pigs. Six dietary treatments were studied by replacing 15% and 30% of a corn soybean meal basal diet with WDG or a mixture of WDG or CDS. The experiment consisted of 10 days of adaptation and 4 days of sample collection. Our results indicated that digestibility of 15% CDS diet was significantly higher (P < 0.05) compared to 30% WDG diet. DE and ME were higher in CDS compared to WDG. There was no significant difference in amino acid AID of diets. Lysine AID value of WDG was 75% which was higher than reported DDGS values. CDS lysine AID was 58%. Higher lysine AID could be because WDG was not exposed to drying, which reduces lysine digestibility in DDGS. The second experiment was conducted to determine the ratio of WDG to CDS on the performance of wean to finish pigs fed via a computer-based automatic liquid feeding system. Four dietary treatments were compared by replacing 20% DDGS in the basal diet with same percentage (20%) of WDG or combination of WDG and CDS. Treatment 1, 20% DDGS, Treatment 2, 20% WDG, Treatment 3, 17% WDG + 3% CDS, and Treatment 4, 14% WDG + 6% CDS. The experiment was conducted from 2 weeks post-weaning to finishing (126 days on trial), using a 5-phase feeding rogram. The overall ADG was 0.912, 0.934, 0.957, and 0.937 kg/d, ADFI on a dry matter basis 2.47, 2.2, 2.26, and 2.24 kg/d, and gain to feed ratio 0.33, 0.37, 0.38, and 0.37, for Treatments 1 to 4, respectively. Overall ADG was higher (P = 0.05) in Treatment 3 compared with the DDGS group. Overall, pigs fed diets containing WDG and/or CDS (Treatments 2, 3, and 4) had lower (P = 0.001) ADFI but higher G:F (P = 0.001) compared with animals fed the control diet containing 20% DDGS. Thus, WDG and the combinations of WDG and CDS have beneficial effect on growth performance compared with DDGS.