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Browsing by Subject "Fear"

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
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    Interaction of fear and humor on self-efficacy
    (2015-04) Peng, Yun
    Fear appeal's effects on advertisement responses were studied often. Self-efficacy was also researched together with fear appeal as a moderator frequently. But there has been no research examining fear appeals' effects on individuals' self-efficacy. Moreover, even though there were some studies investigating humor appeal's effects on information processing and persuasion, none of them incorporated fear and humor appeal in the same study or tested the interaction of fear and humor on self-efficacy or message acceptance. This study examines the interaction of fear and humor on individuals' self-efficacy, attitude and behavioral intention, using the drinking and driving topic. An online experiment was conducted with 230 participants. The results showed that all hypotheses were rejected. Since the humor manipulation also failed, the results mean fear and humor's interaction on the influence of self-efficacy were not found. Their effects on attitude and behavioral intention were not demonstrated either. Then this study talks about alternative explanations of the failure of the hypotheses tests, from theoretical and methodological perspectives.
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    Interview assessment of boldness: construct validity and empirical links to psychopathy and fearlessness.
    (2009-08) Hall, Jason Robert
    The triarchic model of psychopathy (Patrick, Fowles, & Krueger, in press) conceptualizes this intriguing disorder in terms of three distinct elemental phenotypes: disinhibition, reflecting tendencies toward deficient behavioral control and externalizing psychopathology; meanness, reflecting deliberate cruelty and agentic exploitation of others; and boldness, reflecting resilience to life stress, calmness in the face of threat, and social dominance. The predominant instrument for assessing criminal psychopathy, Hare's (1991, 2003) Psychopathy Checklist-Revised (PCL-R), appears to tap the disinhibition and meanness facets of psychopathy directly and substantially, but captures boldness only indirectly and to a modest degree. Given its reliance on antisocially deviant indicators, the PCL-R is also ill-suited to investigation of non-criminal psychopathy in community settings. Thus, the primary aim of the present study was to evaluate the construct validity and neurobiological correlates of a newly-developed interview measure of the phenotypic boldness construct. Relationships between the Boldness Interview (BI) and multi-modal measures of psychopathy, externalizing psychopathology, and personality traits with theoretical or empirical links to the boldness construct were investigated in a sample of incarcerated adult males. The present study also investigated relationships between the BI measure and emotional modulation of the startle blink reflex - a well-validated physiological measure of fear reactivity that has previously been linked to the interpersonal-affective features of PCL-R psychopathy - in a picture-viewing paradigm. Results strongly supported the construct validity of the BI. Consistent with theory and prediction, BI total scores were: substantially and positively related to the PCL-R Interpersonal facet, the fearless dominance factor of the self-report Psychopathic Personality Inventory (Lilienfeld & Andrews, 1996), and self-reported narcissism, thrill-seeking, and dominance; negatively related to self-report measures of harm avoidance, trait anxiety, fear, and internalizing symptoms; and largely unrelated to externalizing psychopathology. Total scores on the BI were also related to reduced startle amplitude during aversive pictures in the picture-viewing paradigm. These results are discussed in terms of their implications for the assessment and conceptualization of psychopathy (particularly non-criminal psychopathy) as well as the neurobiological underpinnings of the disorder.