Browsing by Subject "Distillers grains"

Now showing 1 - 4 of 4
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    Alternative feeds or feed additives in feedlot diets
    (2014-03) Compart, Devan Marie Paulus
    Three experiments were conducted to determine effects of feeding alternative feeds or feed additives to cattle consuming feedlot diets on diet digestibility, rumen fermentation, growth performance, and carcass characteristics. In the first experiment, effects of adding a Saccharomyces cerevisiae product (SC) to cattle fed feedlot diets on diet digestibility and rumen fermentation were examined. Results of the first experiment suggest that feeding 1.0 g SC/hd daily may result in improved rumen acetate: propionate ratio. However, feeding 1.0 g SC/hd daily reduced rumen VFA concentrations, NH3-N concentration, and pH. In the second experiment, effects of partially replacing steam flaked corn with soy glycerin and distillers grains on diet digestibility and rumen fermentation in cattle were examined. Feeding distillers grains resulted in increased rumen propionate, rumen branched-chain VFA, and total rumen VFA. Feeding glycerin resulted in increased rumen pH and rumen propionate, and decreased rumen acetate. Feeding distillers grains or glycerin caused a reduction in rumen acetate: propionate ratio. In the third experiment, effects of replacing dry rolled corn with either 20% full-fat distillers grains, or 20% or 47% reduced-fat distillers grains (equal fat concentration as inclusion of 20% full-fat distillers grains) on feedlot cattle growth performance and carcass characteristics were examined. Results from this experiment indicated that utilizing reduced-fat distillers grains in place of full-fat distillers grains or dry rolled corn does not impact animal growth performance or carcass characteristics.
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    Degradable intake protein supplementation through the inclusion of urea in finishing diets containing distillers grains: effects on feedlot cattle performance, ruminal fermentation, and feed digestibility
    (2014-05) Ceconi, Irene
    Degradable intake protein (DIP) represents the proportion of protein that is potentially fermented in the rumen. Ruminal DIP balance is calculated by the difference between DIP supply and requirements. The former is a function of dry matter intake and dietary DIP, and represents nitrogen (N) available for synthesis of microbial crude protein (MCP), which is used as a measurement of microbial growth or production of new microbial cells. Synthesis of MCP basically requires ammonia-N (NH3-N), carbon skeletons, and energy. While the last two are mainly derived from fermentation of dietary carbohydrates, dietary N represents the main NH3-N source. Consequently, DIP requirements represent rumen-degradable N needs for MCP synthesis, and are a function of available fermentable carbohydrates. High dietary inclusion of grain as well as more extensive grain processing methods can result in increased ruminal availability of rapidly-fermentable carbohydrates, which in turn may result in increased DIP requirements. In addition, corn-based diets may not supply adequate amounts of DIP because corn protein is considered to be approximately 60% undegradable. Despite great protein content and because of great undegradable protein concentration, small to moderate dietary inclusion of corn distillers grains (DG) may also result in DIP deficit. Experiments 1 and 2 described in Chapter 2 evaluated the effect of adding urea, a highly rumen-degradable N source, to a high-concentrate, moderate-DG-containing diet on feedlot cattle performance, ruminal fermentation, and feed digestibility. Results from both experiments indicate that due to a DIP deficit generated by the un-supplemented diet, the addition of urea resulted in enhanced ruminal fermentation and feed digestibility, and consequently improved animal performance. Because rates of degradation of carbohydrates and conventional urea do not match, beneficial effects may arise from the use of slow-release urea (SRU) sources over conventional urea when added to DIP-deficient diets. Therefore, experiments 1 and 2 described in Chapter 3 evaluated the effect of increasing DIP concentration through the inclusion of one of two SRU sources in comparison with the inclusion of conventional urea in DG-containing feedlot diets on ruminal fermentation and feed digestibility. Likely due to lack of DIP deficit with the un-supplemented diet, results from these experiments do not demonstrate potential beneficial effects of SRU sources over conventional urea. Several confluent factors are discussed that may explain lack of need of urea supplementation in Chapter 3 experiments. Because previous studies have demonstrated improved ruminal fermentation, feed digestibility, and animal performance when supplementing conventional urea to rapidly-fermentable, moderate-DG-containing diets, more research is warranted to evaluate the use of SRU in diets for which a DIP deficit is expressed.
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    Dietary influence on lipid composition and oxidation of fresh and processed meat products
    (2013-12) Compart, Kaitlyn Margaret
    Two experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of diet on fresh and processed meat quality in beef. In experiment 1, steers and heifers (n = 48) were assigned randomly to one of four treatment groups and fed individually. Treatments were as follows: steam-flaked corn diet with no modified distillers grains with solubles (MDGS) or glycerin (CON); CON with 35% MDGS (MDGS); CON with 10% glycerin (GLY); and CON with 35% MDGS and 10% glycerin (MDGS/GLY). When cattle reached a mean weight of 590 kg, they were humanely harvested at a commercial abattoir. Strip loins and shoulder clods were removed from the right side of each carcass. Treatment had no effect any specific fatty acid (P > 0.05), vacuum purge loss (P = 0.75), cooking loss (P = 0.40), Warner-Bratzler shear force values (P = 0.94), strip steak L*, a*, or b* values (P > 0.05) or ground beef L*, a*, or b* values (P > 0.05). CON and MDGS had higher values for consumer overall liking and texture liking of strip steaks (P < 0.05). Treatment did not affect flavor liking (P < 0.05). In experiment 2, shoulder clods and inside rounds from 24 forage-finished steers were ground in groups, divided into five 35 kg batches, and assigned randomly to one of five antioxidant treatments: control (CON); ground wild rice (WR); rosemary extract (ROSE); cherry seed powder (CHERRY); rosemary and pomegranate extract blend (X). Each antioxidant was added at 1% and mixed into a batch for 1 minute. Batches were formed into patties and objective and subject color scores, sensory evaluation, and TBARS were measured. L* and b* did not differ between treatment (P = 0.49 and 0.66, respectively), however inclusion of CHERRY did increase a* values (P = 0.01). Texture liking was decreased with X compared to the WR and CHERRY (P = 0.006. Toughness was decreased with WR (P = 0.03) as compared to X and juiciness increased with the addition of CHERRY (P = 0.003). Overall liking, flavor liking, and off flavor were unaffected by treatment (P = 0.09, 0.07, and 0.06, respectively). TBARS values were lower with the addition of ROSE, CHERRY, and X on d0 than CON (P = 0.0005). WR was also lower on d7 than CON (P <0.0001).
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    Impact of using reduced-fat distillers grains in beef feedlot diets on carcass and meat quality
    (2014-11) Johnston, Justin Edward
    Purebred Jersey steers (n=12) and Limousin X Jersey Crossbred steers (n=24) were blocked by breed. Nineteen purebred Jersey steers (initial BW 455 ± 49 kg) and 29 Jersey-Limousin crossbred steers were individually fed in Calan gates for 93 d. Four dietary treatments were evaluated in this experiment. A dry rolled corn-based diet served as the control treatment. Distillers grains treatments consisted of feeding reduced-fat distillers dried grains dietary inclusion at 20% with corn oil, to represent full fat distillers grains, reduced-fat distillers dried grains dietary inclusion at 20%, or reduced-fat distillers dried grains dietary inclusion at 47% of dietary DM. This study found the following results, Jersey X Limousin Crossbred steers had greater REA and HCW but no differences in the carcass or meat quality attributes evaluated. Feeding reduced-fat distillers grains in replacement of dry-rolled corn did not substantially affect the carcass or meat quality attributes evaluated.