Browsing by Subject "Developing Countries"
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Item Analyzing e-government in developing countries using a stages model approach: a case study.(2011-04) Yimbo, William OukoThis dissertation undertakes an evaluation of electronic government in a developing country using a Stages Model approach. The intellectual traditions of communication for development and technological determinism perspectives are employed to assess the implementation of e-government, a transformational resource for the advancement of government-citizen relations made possible by advances in information and communication technologies that have gained prominence in the last two decades. Governments around the world have adopted the use of information and communication technologies as a means of transforming the delivery of services and access to information for citizens. Electronic government, the use by government agencies of information technologies that have the ability to transform relations with citizens, businesses, and other arms of government, has become a critical tool toward this end. However, the progress and outcomes of the implementation of e-government in developing countries has not been adequately studied. This study uses content analysis to examine websites established by Kenya government's 46 ministries in Kenya and evaluates their performance using a four-stage model framework. The framework builds on existing e-government literature and utilizes 35 different content measures to evaluate information content, transaction, horizontal integration and vertical integration attributes of government ministry websites. The research was conducted between June and July of 2009. The content coding instrument used in the study is the Web Attribute Evaluation System developed by the Cyberspace Policy Research Group. The study reviews relevant e-government literature for evaluating Web sites worldwide, discusses sample selection, methodology, theoretical framework, findings, and recommendations. The content and attributes of ministry websites are compared across different e-government stages and ministries grouped into functional categories. The central analysis of these data is to evaluate the claim that access to information and transaction attributes provided by e-government will improve the relations between government and citizens by enhancing the quality and convenience of services delivery. This dissertation puts forth two major findings: that government ministries have adopted online communication as one of the main resources for delivery of services, achieved by posting online some level of information, enabling communication and interaction online, and are at varying stages of e-government development. Secondly, the data set confirmed the Layne and Lee Stages model prediction that e-government tended to grow progressively from the information (Catalogue) Stage towards higher Stages. The study showed higher scores at the Catalogue stage for all ministries than at all the other stages.Item A grounded theory study of effective global leadership development strategies: perspectives from Brazil, India, and Nigeria.(2009-06) Lokkesmoe, Karen JaneThis qualitative, grounded theory study focuses on global leadership and global leadership development strategies from the perspective of people from three developing countries, Brazil, India, and Nigeria. The study explores conceptualizations of global leadership, the skills required to lead effectively in global contexts, and recommended strategies for developing capacity as a global leader from a developing country perspective, leading to an integrated global leadership development model. The question this study explores is, "What are effective global leadership development strategies for people from developing countries working in public and nonprofit sectors?" The literature review encompasses readings on leadership, intercultural training, leadership development, and global leadership. The review of leadership includes a brief history of the development of the field of leadership as a foundational base from which to understand global leadership. The reviews of intercultural training and leadership development literatures serve to frame the methods being utilized in education and training to develop leadership and intercultural capacity in current and future leaders. Finally, the review of global leadership literature surveys the state of the art in the field. Concerns regarding the transferability of western-based leadership theories and processes to contexts significantly different from the global corporate contexts for which the theories were developed were confirmed through the review of literatures. Little has been published on global leadership or indeed on leadership at all from a developing country perspective and far less about development strategies for non-corporate, non-western contexts. Data collection consisted of baseline surveys with 32 participants and follow up interviews with 14 primary research participants. Individual interviews were conducted with former Humphrey Fellows from Brazil, India, and Nigeria, representing public and nonprofit, government, and private business in their respective countries. Data analysis followed a grounded theory, constant comparative method that allows themes to emerge directly from the data through text analysis. Findings were compared across the three countries, as well as across four additional biographical factors (sector, experience, gender, and age), although country and sector analyses were most central to the study and therefore considered more fully. Results show that while there are theories and practices in global leadership development that are common across country and sector boundaries, there are also some divergent conceptualizations of global leadership and global leadership contexts in developing countries that have implications for development strategies. Recommendations from the study participants demonstrated the centrality of intercultural competence as the mechanism to translate effective local action to effective global action. Specific strategies focused on ways to gain intercultural experience, to gain global knowledge, and to address contextual factors through policy advocacy. In a synthesis of existing knowledge and new learning from the study a set of recommendations and strategies as well as a new integrated model of global leadership development emerged that incorporate perspectives from multiple sectors, multiple disciplines, and multiple cultures.