Browsing by Subject "DDGS"

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    63rd Minnesota Nutrition Conference
    (University of Minnesota, Extension Service, 2002-09) University of Minnesota, Extension Service
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    Effects Of Adding Minimally Refined Cottonseed Oil Or Crude Glycerol To Diets Containing 40% Distillers Dried Grains With Solubles (Ddgs) On Growth Performance, Carcass Characteristics And Pork Fat Quality Of Growing-Finishing Pigs
    (2016-05) Villela, Cassio
    Feeding corn DDGS increases unsaturation of pork fat which reduces fat firmness, shelf life of retail cuts and causes processing problems. Cottonseed oil contains cyclopropene fatty acids (CPFA) which can inhibit synthesis of unsaturated fatty acids. Dietary crude glycerol can increase saturation of pork fat. This study evaluated the effects of adding cottonseed oil or crude glycerol to diets containing 40% corn DDGS on fat quality of growing-finishing pigs. Neither cottonseed oil nor crude glycerol supplementation improved pork fat quality as measured by belly firmness, Iodine Value (IV) of pork fat, and pork fat oxidation. Dietary cottonseed oil increased pork fat IV due to the high unsaturated fatty acids content of cottonseed oil. Therefore, supplementation of swine diets high in corn DDGS concentration with cottonseed oil or crude glycerol does not mitigate DDGS-induced soft carcass fat.
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    Effects of dietary roughage and sulfur in diets containing corn dried distillers grains with solubles on hydrogen sulfide production and rumen fermentation by rumen microbes in continuous and batch culture
    (2014-04) Binversie, Elizabeth Y.
    Dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) is an inexpensive feed alternative to corn. Previously, over-inclusion of DDGS has produced toxic concentrations of ruminal hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas, resulting in polioencephalomalacia (PEM), a degenerative brain disease. Production of ruminal H2S requires an acidic environment conducive to converting free sulfur to H2S in the rumen. Therefore, it was hypothesized that creating a less acidic rumen environment would help mitigate ruminal H2S production. Two experiments were conducted to determine the effects of dietary roughage and sulfur on in vitro fermentation with ruminal microbes in continuous culture and batch culture. Six dietary treatments were formulated that paired 3 concentrations of sulfur (0.3, 0.4 and 0.5% of diet DM) with 2 concentrations of roughage (3 and 9% of diet DM) and are as follows: low roughage low sulfur (LRLS), low roughage moderate sulfur (LRMS), low roughage high sulfur (LRHS), moderate roughage low sulfur (MRLS), moderate roughage moderate sulfur (MRMS) and moderate roughage high sulfur (MRHS). A diet comprised of 0% DDGS was used as the control (CON) diet. Roughage had no effect on H2S production but it did increase fermenter pH, creating a less acidic environment. In experiment 2, an increase in dietary sulfur caused an increase in total H2S production, but there was no direct effect of roughage on total H2S production. Higher dietary roughage created a less acidic pH but at the expense of in vitro fermentation, because of the lower total VFA concentration. Further investigation is needed to determine more effective methods of mitigating H2S production using dietary manipulation, such as higher inclusion of dietary roughage or use of different roughage sources.
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    Effects of feeding diets containing dried distillers grains with solubles (DDGS) to sows on maternal and offspring performance
    (2012-09) Li, Xiaojing
    The first experiment was conducted to evaluate the interactive effects of dietary distillers dried grains with solubles (DDGS) in sow diets and housing systems on sow performance and longevity. A total of 401 (n = 311 for parity 0; n = 90 for parity 1) sows were assigned randomly to 1 of 4 treatments and maintained on these treatments for up to 3 reproductive cycles. Sows were fed either a fortified corn-soybean meal control diet (CON) during gestation and lactation, or diets containing 40% DDGS in gestation and 20% DDGS in lactation, and were housed either in individual stalls or group pens with electronic sow feeders during gestation. Litters from DDGS-fed and group-housed sows gained less (P < 0.05) weight during lactation than litters from DDGS-fed and stall-housed sows. This difference between gestation housing was not apparent for litters nursing CON-fed sows. Sows fed DDGS produced smaller (P < 0.05) litter size (born alive, 11.0 vs. 11.6; weaning, 9.8 vs. 10.2) and had more (P < 0.05) stillborn (0.9 vs. 0.7) than sows fed CON. Litters nursing DDGS-fed sows gained less weight than litters nursing sows fed CON (47.8 vs. 49.8 kg). Group-housed sows tended to farrow smaller litter size at birth (born alive, 11.0 vs. 11.5) and at weaning (P < 0.05; 9.9 vs. 10.2) compared with stall-housed sows. Litters from group-housed sows tended (P < 0.10) to gain less weight than those from stall-housed sows (48.3 vs. 49.4 kg). Diet did not affect percentage of sows that completed each successive reproductive cycle. Stall housing tended to increase (P = 0.06) the completion rate of sows at the second reproductive cycle (80.0% vs. 68.2%) and increased (P < 0.05) the completion rate of sows at the third reproductive cycle (68.9% vs. 55.8%) compared with group housing. Sows fed DDGS produced fewer (P < 0.03) live born pigs (n = 26.2 vs. 27.4) and tended (P < 0.10) to have fewer pigs weaned (n = 23.7 vs. 24.5) over 3 reproductive cycles compared with sows fed CON. Stall-housed sows farrowed more (P < 0.05) total pigs (n = 30.1 vs. 26.7), live pigs (n = 28.4 vs. 25.2), and weaned pigs (n = 25.2 vs. 23.1) compared with group-housed sows over 3 reproductive cycles. The second experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of feeding DDGS containing low or high peroxidized lipid (LOD or HOD) on sow performance, and birth weight variation, growth performance, and carcass characteristics of progeny. Mixed parity sows (n = 48; mean parity = 3.2) were assigned to 1 of 3 treatments (CON, LOD, or HOD). Individual birth weight of pre-suckling (PS) newborns were sorted into 2 classifications: 1) Small [¡Ü 1 standard deviation (SD) below the average birth weight of the litter], Large (¡Ý 1 SD above the average birth weight of the litter), and Normal (not classified as Small or Large); 2) Low (¡Ü 1.0 kg), Medium (> 1.0 kg and < 1.6 kg), and High (¡Ý 1.6 kg). Two to three pigs were selected from Small or Large groups and fed diets same to their dams from weaning to marketing. Sows fed HOD tended to farrow more (P < 0.10) dead pigs per litter than sows fed CON. Feeding HOD tended to increase (P = 0.05) within-litter variation in birth weight of total pigs compared with feeding LOD or CON. Diet did not affect the number of Small, Normal, or Large total born, live born, or dead born pigs per litter. Feeding HOD decreased (P < 0.05) Medium pigs in total born litter size and increased (P < 0.05) Low pigs in dead born litter size compared with feeding LOD or CON. Small pigs fed LOD or HOD tended to have greater (P = 0.05) levels of plasma malondialdehyde (MDA) than Large pigs. Feeding LOD or HOD increased (P < 0.05) levels of plasma His and Gly in PS newborns compared with feeding CON. Feeding LOD or HOD decreased (P < 0.05) final BW but did not affect overall ADG of pigs. Pigs fed LOD or HOD exhibited improved (P < 0.05) G:F compared with pigs fed CON. Large pigs fed HOD had greater (P < 0.05) ADG and ADFI but with no difference in G:F compared with Small pigs fed the same diet. Feeding HOD decreased (P < 0.05) HCW, backfat depth and loin eye area at the 10th rib compared with feeding CON. Small pigs fed LOD or CON had lighter (P < 0.05) HCW than Large pigs fed the same diet. In conclusion, long-term feeding of DDGS decreases litter size and sow productivity, but does not affect sow longevity. Long-term housing of sows in group pens decreases litter size, sow longevity, and sow productivity. Housing sows in individual stalls compromises litter performance when feeding DDGS. Feeding HOD increased number of dead pigs born with low BW and within-litter variation in piglet birth weight, but did not affect the incidence of low birth weight pigs. Feeding HOD from did not affect postnatal performance but compromised carcass characteristics of finishing pigs. Small pigs exhibited elevated MDA levels, slower growth rate, and lighter HCW compared with Large pigs within diet.
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    Production and purification of phytic acid from distillery wastewater via ion exchange
    (2016-12) Reyes Gaibor, Felipe, S; Rodrigues Reis, Cristiano
    Phytate (inositol hexakisphosphate) is the major form of organic phosphorus present in corn. Phytate is partially degraded during the corn ethanol fermentation process and it still represents over 40% of the phosphorus present in the main co-product generated – distiller’s grains. Phytate has a high market value and its extraction can help decrease phosphorus pollution from distiller’s grains use as animal feed. An ion exchange system has been developed for phytate extraction and purification using the ethanol co-products streams. The feedstock rich in phytate for this study is complex and presents different competing ions for the ion exchange system. The anion exchange resin used is selective for phytate, but is also able to adsorb sulfate, inorganic phosphate, and nitrate – all of which are as concentrated as phytate in the feedstock stream. This study evaluated some of the experimental conditions for better understanding the phytate extraction and purification system, and include the development of multi-component isotherms and multi-anion adsorption kinetics. The adsorption breakthrough for the four anions has also been evaluated on a packed-bed chromatographic column, on a similar design that would be used for larger scale approaches. Desorption from fully loaded resin, followed by a phytate precipitation step, provided salts with purities higher than 90%. This system can, thus, lead to a potential industrial application in order to enhance the profitability of ethanol plants, and simultaneously providing a solution for phosphorus pollution from distiller’s grains use.