Browsing by Subject "Cuyuna"
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Item Bulletin No. 15. Preliminary Report on the Geology of East Central Minnesota Including the Cuyuna Iron-ore District(Minnesota Geological Survey, 1918) Harder, E.C.; Johnston, A.W.The geologic work in the Cuyuna iron-ore district is being done jointly by the Minnesota Geological Survey and the United States Geological Survey. Since only a few outcrops of bed rock occur in the district or in the region adjacent to it, the study has been based largely on the results of exploration and mining work. Many drill cores and records of diamond drilling from various parts of the district have been examined, and in addition the occurrence and structure of the rocks as shown in the underground and open pit workings of various mines have been studied in detail, and detailed geologic and topographic maps have been made of several of the open pit mines. In order to gain a more comprehensive idea of the major structure of the rocks of east central Minnesota. and particularly to note if possible the relation of the rocks of the Cuyuna district to such major structure, a careful study of the rock outcrops of the region lying west, south, and east of the Cuyuna district was made. This included the detailed mapping of most of the rock exposures lying nearest to the Cuyuna district in Cass, Todd, Morrison, Mille Lacs, Kanabec, Pine, Carlton, and Aitkin counties, and a more general study of the outlying exposures in these counties and also in Stearns, Benton, and Sherburne counties. North of the Cuyuna district, in the region lying between it and the Mesabi district, no rock outcrops are known and the relation between the rock formations of these two districts will have to be determined by underground exploration.Item Bulletin No. 36. The Geology of the Cuyuna District, Minnesota(Minnesota Geological Survey, 1955) Grout, Frank F.; Wolff, J.F., Sr.This report emphasizes initially the subdivision of the Cuyuna district into a North and a South Range, the former containing iron-bearing rocks comparable with those of the Mesabi district and its Michigan and Wisconsin equivalents and the latter being the equivalent of the younger Michigan iron-formations. The manganiferous iron ores produced on the Cuyuna Range, in east- central Minnesota, have been much desired for use in iron furnaces. The geology of the ore formations and their correlations with ore formations in other districts have been subjects of considerable disagreement, largely because the iron formations on the Cuyuna lie under 50 to 300 feet of glacial deposits. J. F. Wolff, Sr. has a lifelong familiarity with the rocks of the nearby Mesabi Range, and recognizes divisions of the iron formation into four members. He has also had years of work on the Cuyuna area and recog-nizes the same four members, with analogous subdivisions inside the members, and similar sequences of other formations above and below the iron formation. Other men have not wholly agreed on the sequence because of the scarcity of exposures, and the lack of drill cores and records over much of the area. There are also geologists who question the correlation of Mesabi and Cuyuna series, because the "South Range" iron ores on the Cuyuna lie some thousands of feet up in the slates above the main iron-bearing beds of the North Range; and no such high beds of ore have been found in the slates thousands of feet above the Mesabi ore horizons. Only a few hundred to a thousand or more feet of the thickness of the slates overlying the Mesabi iron formation have been penetrated by drills in the Mesabi district, and these were not high enough to encounter the possible South Cuyuna member. This report presents the maps and sections prepared by Wolff, and his interpretation of the sequence, and a comparison with other districts. Some drilling planned by Grout to check the underground sequence of beds was generously supported by funds allotted by the Legislature to the University for research. These two studies of detail are here reported, with scattered data from outlying areas, and suggestions of correlations with the more remote iron ore districts south of Lake Superior. The possible use of the lean manganiferous iron formation of the Cuyuna Range as an emergency resource of manganese, should foreign supplies on which we normally depend be cut off during wartime, is here recommended for further research.Item Compressed Air Energy Storage (CAES) in Northern Minnesota Using Underground Mine Workings and Above Ground Features(University of Minnesota Duluth, 2015) Fosnacht, Donald R; Wilson, Elizabeth J; Marr, Jeffrey D; Carranza-Torres, Carlos; Hauck, Steven A; Teasley, RebeccaThe goal of this research project is to determine the potential viability, environmental sustainability, and societal benefits of CAES, as a vital, enabling technology for wind turbine based power generation. The intent of this research is to provide a clear roadmap for CAES development in Minnesota. This project is multifaceted and draws resources across the University System and from key industrial partners: Great River Energy and Minnesota Power. The results from the project will provide vital information to decision makers on the potential of CAES and give guidance on how the technology can be implemented using the unique assets of the Minnesota’ various Iron Ranges (Mesabi and Cuyuna) or in other areas, so that renewable mandates and greenhouse gas reduction can be effectively accomplished. The results show that the topography and water resources exist at various sites that could allow a 100 to 200 MW facility to be constructed if the overall economic, mineral rights, and environmental issues associated with a given site can be properly managed. This report delves into the possibilities and outlines selection criteria that can be used for site selection. Other information is developed to compare the potential economic impact of implementation of the project within the constraints of the factors that can be monetized using the current policy environment. Finally, potential life cycle, regulatory, environmental, and permitting issues that are associated with implementation of the concept are discussed.Item Information Circular 12. Selected Bibliography of Cuyuna Range Geology, Mining and Metallurgy(Minnesota Geological Survey, 1977) Beltrame, R.J.This work is an extension of a bibliography prepared by the author as part of a final report submitted to the U.S. Bureau of Mines for grant # G026/t002 entitled "Manganese-bearing ores of the Cuyuna iron range, east-central Minnesota, Phase 1". This bibliography, though directed primarily towards the geologic and mining literature of the Cuyuna range, does include the major works on the metallurgical aspects of the Cuyuna ores. For historical interest the very earliest publications are included. This list of abbreviations given on pages 2-4 are consistent with those from the "Bibliography and Index of Geology".Item Information Circular 32. Geology and Manganese Resources of the Cuyuna Iron Range, East-Central Minnesota(Minnesota Geological Survey, 1990) Morey, G.B.Ever since their discovery in 1904, it has been recognized that the iron-formations and associated ore deposits of the Cuyuna iron range in east-central Minnesota contained appreciable quantities of manganese which was extracted as ferromanganese ores from several mines on the North range from 1911 to 1984. The presence of this manganese resource sets the Cuyuna range apart from other iron-mining districts of the Lake Superior region. The emphasis of this report is on the geologic factors that seem to control how the manganese is distributed on the Cuyuna range. However because the range was exploited principally for its iron ores, much of the available information is fragmentary. Although the manganese is closely associated with the iron ores, it was carefully evaluated by only a few of the companies operating on the range. Other companies examined the manganese-bearing material in only a cursory manner, and therefore in spite of what appears to be an extensive data base, our knowledge of the geology of the manganese resources is fragmentary and in part confusing. It is not yet possible to construct a coherent, detailed picture of the primary origin of the manganese-bearing strata, the structure and stratigraphic positions of these strata, and the precise tenor, extent, and localization of the several different kinds of manganese-bearing material that have been recognized. The ultimate utilization of the Cuyuna manganese deposits will require new metallurgical and beneficiation techniques that must be designed specifically for the different kinds of ores, and this report, if nothing else, should call attention to the deficiencies of the present geological data base.