Browsing by Subject "Communication"

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Adoptee information seeking: changes between adolescence and emerging adulthood and the impact of adoption communicative openness.
(2009-05) Skinner-Drawz, Brooke Alison
This dissertation examined changes in information seeking intentions and behaviors between adolescence and emerging adulthood for a group of adoptees who did not have direct contact with birth relatives in adolescence. Associations between information seeking in emerging adulthood and life cycle events typical of emerging adulthood, gender, and Adoption Communicative Openness were also examined. Data from 119 adoptees and their adoptive mothers were used from Waves 2 (1996-2000) and 3 (2005-2008) of the Minnesota-Texas Adoption Research Project (Grotevant & McRoy, 1998). Degree of information seeking between adolescence (Wave 2) and emerging adulthood (Wave 3) increased for the majority of adoptees (62.2%). Approximately 16% of adoptees experienced no change in information seeking and 22% of adoptees experienced a decrease in information seeking. Females were more likely to exhibit a greater increase in information seeking change between Waves 2 and 3 and information seeking at Wave 3 than males. Life cycle events typical of emerging adulthood including living out of adoptive parents' home, being in a committed romantic relationship, and being a parent were not associated with information seeking in emerging adulthood. Number of life cycle events experienced also was not associated with information seeking in emerging adulthood. Adoption Communicative Openness was positively associated with degree of information seeking in emerging adulthood. Results suggest that adoptee information seeking is a dynamic process that takes place over several life stages and that open communication about adoption within the adoptive family supports adoptee information seeking.
Algorithms, Machine Learning, and Speech: The Future of the First Amendment in a Digital World
(2017-06) Wiley, Sarah
We increasingly depend on algorithms to mediate information and thanks to the advance of computation power and big data, they do so more autonomously than ever before. At the same time, courts have been deferential to First Amendment defenses made in light of new technology. Computer code, algorithmic outputs, and arguably, the dissemination of data have all been determined as constituting “speech” entitled to constitutional protection. However, continuing to use the First Amendment as a barrier to regulation may have extreme consequences as our information ecosystem evolves. This paper focuses on developing a new approach to determining what should be considered “speech” if the First Amendment is to continue to protect the marketplace of ideas, individual autonomy, and democracy.
Changing Rhythms: Media and Globalisation in the English Premier League
(2013-07) Ranachan, Emma Kate
This dissertation, Changing Rhythms: Media and Globalisation in the English Premier League, focuses on two interrelated questions: 1) what are the consequences of globalising the English Premier League, acknowledging that to understand the globalisation of the English Premier League is to fundamentally understand its mediapoly and 2) how has the English Premier League's media policy managed the tension between its globalisation strategy and the embodied rituals associated with English soccer culture. In answering these questions, I argue that the current League structure, while it has been of financial benefit to some, has failed to sustain its founding mission of enhancing the English national team and of improving the experiences of supporters. It is unquestionably true that the League's media policy, through its international broadcasting strategy, has brought more supporters to the game, but this pursuit of international supporters has risked alienating local communities. Through archival research and an analysis of policy documents, I argue that advances in media technologies and changes in broadcasting policy have allowed the English Premier League to increase both its revenue and global presence, but this global initiative has had profound effects on how English supporters relate to their teams (which have traditionally been deeply embedded within their community). In addition, to changes in broadcasting policy, the structure of the Premier League has been made possible by changes to European Union labour laws that have, unintentionally, posed challenges to the League's structure by, in conjunction with media policy, creating new opportunities for international players. These new migration flows are at the centre of debates over the future of the English national team. As the League expands, global fan bases have developed whose only experience of the League has come through its mediatisation. While the League risks alienating local supporters, I suggest that there is also an opportunity to build affective supporter communities outside the local communities where the clubs are located through the development of new television-based forms of supporter rituals. As such, I see the potential of temporal practices as the key to understanding the mediatised rituals, which supporters, both locally and globally, develop. In conclusion, I argue that it might be time for a new model within the Premier League, one that firmly places football as a matter of cultural policy with a re-emphasis placed on the interests of supporters rather than those of the League governing structure, club owners and satellite television.
Communication, confidence and asset pricing.
(2008-08) Xia, Chun
Standard rational expectations models assume away direct communication among speculative traders and resort to psychological traits such as traders' overconfidence in information processing ability to explain the observed enormous trading activity in financial markets. Yet, a growing literature documents that social communication affects individual trading behavior and market trading patterns, and over- and underconfident traders may coexist. The dissertation thus has two general objectives: (1) to analyze the impact of social communication on asset pricing, agents' trading behavior and welfare, and (2) to examine how traders' changing confidences resulted from communication affect asset pricing and trading behavior. Chapter 2 develops an asset pricing model in which agents communicate information in social networks prior to trading. An agent who is more confident in her private information puts greater weight on her private signal than on signal received through communication when aggregating her information. The results are as follows: Proximity between agents in networks affects correlation of agent demands; Individual agent exploits information and influences price distinctly in different networks; Under certain circumstances social communication is welfare improving for all agents; Irrespective of different network structures, market trading patterns such as market liquidity, trading volume, price volatility and informational efficiency of prices are all higher in communication economy relative to those in economy where agents exploit private signals exclusively; Market trading patterns are strictly decreasing in agents' confidence in private signals. Interestingly, social communication can alternatively explain some intriguing empirical facts such as "gender trading differences" which were attributed to overconfidence. Chapter 3 develops a multi-period market model to examine the evolution of risk averse agents' confidence degrees in learning their abilities to obtain precise information and the properties of resulting price volatility, trading volume, and expected profits. Agents initially do not know their abilities which are related to the qualities of private signals. They assess abilities from communicating and comparing quality of their own signals with that of others. Agents are assumed to credit (blame) themselves strongly for favorable (unfavorable) outcomes. I demonstrate that under reasonable circumstances excessive trading activity can be associated with underconfidence.
Emerging Adult-Sibling Relationships: Closeness, Communication, and Well-being
(2018-05) LeBouef, Samantha
In the current study, we examined the relationships between well-being, sibling closeness, and sibling communication to address several gaps in the literature. Extending the concepts and assumptions of social exchange theory, the goal of this study was to determine if well-being moderates the relationship between communication and perceived sibling closeness. This study utilized a subsample (n=236) of participants from a larger sample of emerging adults. Surveys were collected through Amazon’s Mechanical Turk and participants were compensated $0.50 for their time. Hierarchal multiple regression was used and analyses were run using IBM SPSS Statistics 23. The dataset was evaluated for compliance with linear regression assumptions. Results found that neither emotional, psychological, nor social well-being moderated the relationship between sibling communication and sibling closeness. However, associations between sibling communication and sibling closeness were statistically significant in the full model. Male-female gender dyads, as well as the race Asian, were found to be statistically significant. Results suggested male-female gender dyads were more likely to be close and those who identified as Asian as less likely to be close to their siblings. Limitations and future research are considered.
The interaction of structural and inferential elements in characterizing human linguistic communication.
(2012-01) Lucast, Ellen Irene
Is human linguistic communication different only in degree from other animal communication, or is it different in kind? If it is different in kind, can this difference best be attributed to one or a small number of core features? If so, what are these features? What role does the code itself play in characterizing human linguistic communication and what role is attributable to its communicative function? To answer these questions, I argue the following: Human linguistic communication is in fact different in kind from other animal communication; its difference can be attributed to two main factors, one coded and one communicative, that lie at the core of the phenomenon of human language; and these two factors are a discrete combinatorial system and the ability to infer others' mental states. I demonstrate that these two factors limit the function of systems which do not display them in ways that are characteristically different from the function of human linguistic communication. This work serves to update existing research on language features by integrating insight from the cognitivist research paradigm that currently prevails in linguistics. It also integrates two traditionally separate areas of inquiry, those of the functioning of the language code itself and of the inferential mechanisms that humans employ when using language for communication, to provide a more comprehensive theory on the nature of human linguistic communication.
International students' language and culture learning experience in study abroad
(2014-08) Kong, Kaishan
This dissertation is a study of Chinese students' language and cultural learning experience through mediational means in a study abroad context. While there is extensive quantitative research to measure linguistic gains or cultural adjustment, there is limited research on study abroad participants' perspectives on their language and cultural learning experience through a sociocultural lens. This dissertation contributes new knowledge in Asian students' sojourn experience. The purpose of this qualitative case study was to examine, from Chinese students' perspectives, what mediational resources were used and how they used the materials to foster learning in a study abroad context. Data sources included in-depth interviews, ethnographic observations, focus group discussion, social media post and other documents. Sociocultural theory, mediation in particular, was adopted as the theoretical framework for this study because it resonates with my assumption that learning takes place in interaction between individuals and other materials and other people. Study abroad contexts are unique in offering multiple forms of resources that can be similar or different from the students' background. International students' interaction with materials and people in this study abroad community can be a mediational process that leads to learning. It also fits in my purpose of the study to examine the learning process but not the product. This study was not to measure the students' linguistic outcomes or cultural skills; instead, it was to attain more in-depth understanding of their personal experience in learning English and multiple cultures in the United States. Findings show that participants used multiple resources to mediate learning, including tools such as textbooks and on-line technology and semiotic systems such as language, email communication and peer review. Language, including dialogues with other people and private speech, stood out as powerful mediation means. Data also showed that emotions, identities and motivation played a crucial role in mediation. They not only influenced participants' choice of materials but also became mediational means themselves. These findings have significant theoretical and practical implications for study abroad students, instructors and program administrators. Students are encouraged to become reflective learners and to raise awareness of selecting multiple resources to mediate learning through various strategies. For instructors, this study also shows the importance of various pedagogies to address students' need and the significance of understanding students as individuals in a broader sociocultural context. It is also suggested that training, guidance and mentorship should be offered through the entire study abroad journey and beyond.This project confirms findings from many existing papers that study abroad is a complex experience. There are multiple affordances for learning but there is no definite causal relationship with linguistic gains. Students' interaction with mediational means can produce learning. It also extends the discussion of mediational tools and signs, by showing evidence of how emotions, identities and motivations mediated learning. This study exemplifies efforts to break the either-language-or-culture dichotomy that is often seen as the focus of research, and to inspire more future research on both aspects.
Leveraging Informatics To Understand Online Communication Patterns Between Migraine Sufferers On Social Media
(2021-03) Gomaa, Basma
Social Network Sites (SNS) have been widely used by patients to exchange emotional support and health information in several health conditions. However, migraine patients’ use of social media is under- investigated. In this study, we investigated migraine patients’ behavior on two social media platforms by applying “Content” and “Social Network Analysis” techniques. The study aimed to compare the connectivity by describing the network structure, tie characteristics, in addition to identifying conversational themes. The migraine network on Twitter is more connected than the Facebook network, indicating more information and emotional support exchanged on Twitter. The informational theme dominated over the emotional theme on both platforms. However, the quality of information exchanged on Facebook was better than on Twitter which contained misinformation, spam and advertisements. The study highlights the vital role of moderators and sheds light on the technical features unique to each platform and impact on the users’ engagement patterns. The study provides guidance to intervention designers, online community managers and public health officials regarding the appropriate platform with specific technical features that will address the unique needs for migraine patients. More studies are needed, however, about the connection between technology, patients and disease conditions.
Mothers' and adolescent daughters' perceptions of communication about sex.
(2008-06) Kody, Carli Alanna Braun
Drawing upon Consensual Qualitative Research methods (CQR; Hill, Thompson, & Williams, 1997), this qualitative study examined mothers' and adolescent daughters' perceptions of their communication about sex. Fifteen Mother and daughter dyads ( n = 15 mothers, n = 15 daughters) from a major Midwestern metropolitan area participated in individual, semi-structured interviews. Interviews were audio-recorded and later transcribed. Transcriptions were manually analyzed using CQR techniques to extract major domains and categories. Domains and categories were compared between mother-daughter dyads and across mothers and daughters using cross-case analysis procedures. Data analysis and consensus procedures yielded 17 domains and 55 categories for mothers and 15 domains and 44 categories for daughters. Findings revealed that mothers and daughters perceived mother-daughter communication about sex as more complex than their communication about other topics. Mothers and daughters described little or no discussion about intimacy and/or pleasure as it relates to sex and sexuality. Furthermore, they described discomfort (e.g., vulnerability, awkwardness, uncertainty) related to discussing sex, feelings that are unique to this topic (at least with respect to their frequency and intensity). Mother and daughters struggled with self-disclosure boundaries. They worried about each other's reactions and the consequences of what they expressed during discussions about sex-related topics. Mothers expressed ambivalence, for instance, wishing to talk with their daughters about sex, but not wanting them to actually know about sex. Overall, mothers and daughters wished to improve their communication about sex. Although mothers and daughters seemed to share similar perspectives on the process of their mother-daughter communication about sex, they appeared to disagree on the content of their communication. Consistent with prior research, overall level of dyadic agreement was low. Major findings are discussed and practice implications and research recommendations are presented.
Our bikes in the middle of the street: community-building, racism and gentrification in urban bicycle advocacy
(2013-06) Hoffmann, Melody Lynn
It is no surprise to people living in U.S. urban spaces that bicycling continues its ascent into popularity. Neighborhoods and cities across the country are now committed to making their spaces welcoming to bicyclists which include bicycling events, bicycle lanes, and businesses that cater to cyclists. In my time as an urban bicycle commuter, I have noticed that a particular bicyclist is being hailed by neighborhoods and cities--one that has both racial and class privilege. Through my ethnographic research in three U.S. cities I have confirmed my suspicion that the bicycle signifies different values and meanings to different bicycling demographics. In this dissertation I ultimately argue that the "rolling signification" of the bicycle contributes to its ability to build community, influence gentrifying urban planning, and reify and obscure systemic race and class barriers. I begin my dissertation with a case study on the Riverwest 24, a 24-hour bicycle race, and how its organizers and participants build community but I complicate this understanding of community building by exploring the neighborhood's long history of activism and its spatial connection to a major segregation line. The importance of a neighborhood's history as it intersects with bicycle advocacy is made clear in my second case study in Portland, Oregon where neighbors clashed, along racial lines, about renovating a specific bicycle lane. And thus I argue that the Black residents and history rooted in Black culture in Portland's Albina neighborhood produce a haunting (Gordon, 1997) within the reconstruction of that bicycle lane. In my final case study I explore whether the theory that bicycle lanes can lead to gentrification holds any merit. In Minneapolis I have found evidence that the local government is coopting bicycle infrastructure to recruit educated, upwardly mobile people--with little regard to its impact on residents who fall outside of that demographic. This cooptation is wrapped up in power relations that allow the city government and "creative class" to define what a sustainable and livable city looks like. This dissertation makes a rather large intervention in Communication Studies as it illustrates the importance of rich description, spatial analysis, and ethnography in our scholarship.
Parental solicitation and adolescent disclosure in-person and using technology: Associations with parent-child closeness and adolescent outcomes
(2020-08) Holmgren, Hailey
Parents and adolescents communicate with each other both in-person and using technology. However, little is known about how communication using each medium is used to satisfy specific communication needs and relates to parent-child closeness and adolescent outcomes. Parental solicitation and adolescent disclosure are two forms of parent-child communication that are related to parent-child closeness and adolescent outcomes including depression, anxiety, delinquency, and prosocial behavior. Study one was designed to fill gaps in the literature by examining how and in what ways parental solicitation is one need that can be filled through communication in-person and using technology. Study two was designed to examine differences in parent-child closeness and adolescent outcomes based on adolescent disclosure in-person and using technology and discrepancies in parent and adolescent report of parental solicitation in-person and using technology. The final sample included 403 parent-adolescent dyads; statistical analyses, including correlation, t-test, ANOVA, and path analysis were conducted to explore relationships described above. Results of these studies suggest that parental solicitation is one communication need that can be satisfied in-person and using technology, and that there are demographic differences in how frequently technology is used to satisfy needs for parental solicitation and adolescent disclosure. Additionally, differences in parent-child closeness and adolescent outcomes emerged based on whether adolescent disclosure occurred in-person or using technology. Finally, there were discrepancies in parent and adolescent reports of parental solicitation behaviors in-person and using technology and those discrepancies were associated with parent-child closeness and adolescent outcomes. These studies contribute to the overall literature by increasing our understanding of how parents and adolescents specifically choose to communicate in-person or using technology based upon what they aim to gain from each conversation. In addition, findings help to inform parents and practitioners on when communication using technology might be beneficial to relationships and outcomes, and when communication using technology should be discouraged or even avoided.
Prescription drug brand Web sites: Guidance where none exists
(University of Minnesota, College of Pharmacy, 2010) Glinert, Lewis
This paper applies insights from linguistics and discourse analysis to prescription drug brand Web sites, with special reference to the 100 top-selling drugs. Such sites give the outward appearance of being a place to go for straightforward information about a specific brand. In reality, they present a confused mix of brand information, health information and hype, muddled organization, and poor indication of authority, creating an imbalance between benefit and risk content. In so doing, they breach the letter and spirit of the regulations governing direct-to-consumer advertising, which the FDA has by default applied to such Web sites but which were not designed for this special type of discourse. The many communicative difficulties proven to be caused by Web sites in general, in particular for the elderly and less literate, also pose ethical problems. A rethinking of the verbal and visual design of these drug sites is needed -- and new regulatory guidance, for which this paper offers recommendations. At stake is not just the quality of health information at brand drug sites but also their credibility.
The relationships between internet usage and acculturation of the Horn of Africa immigrants in the United States
(2013-02) Woldeab, Daniel
The purpose of this study was to investigate Internet usage and its relationship with the acculturation of the Horn of Africa immigrants residing in urban Minnesota. Technology has and continues to be a cultural amplifier; in just two decades from its initial availability to the general public, the Internet has made geographical differences practically irrelevant, making the world a virtual small village. Social interactions that were once only possible face-to-face can now take place online. This innovation in communication plays a crucial role in the acculturation process of immigrants, allowing them access not only to social media platforms, but mapping tools, translation websites, online banking, video sharing sites and many other potentially empowering resources that affect how they encounter life in their new environments. This study utilizes Berry’s bi-dimensional theory of acculturation to investigate the relationship between Internet usage and acculturation. Berry’s four dimensions of acculturation provide a theoretical guideline for this study. Also employed here are communication theoretical perspectives in studying Internet usage and acculturation. The participants were 292 Horn of Africa immigrants attending English language classes in adult education programs in the upper Midwestern part of the U.S. A series of multiple regression analyses are used to determine the unique contribution of each variable in predicting acculturation. The study revealed statistically significant relationships among Internet social-networking usage and dimensions of acculturation. The most powerful predictor of Internet usage was level of education, often achieved prior to immigrating to the U.S. Internet usage did contribute to integration, the most successful strategy for acculturation of immigrants from this group. Perceived English language competency alone accounted for 15% of the variance in integration and 17% of the variance in assimilation. Based on these findings, path models for Internet usage and acculturation are proposed. Further, implications for both research and practice are discussed.
A Rhetoric of Divinity: The Nicene Creed as Disciplined Discourse
(2017-05) Brasher, Stephen H
The Nicene Creed, formulated at the first Ecumenical Council (The Council of Nicaea) convened by Emperor Constantine, in the year 325 C.E, represents a watershed moment in the history of Christian thought. This particular creedal statement was crafted as a rhetorical and political response, backed by Imperial power, to a debate within the early Eastern church, the "Arian Controversy," that concerned both the nature of the divinity of Jesus the Son, as well as his relational status to God the Father. Within this theological and political context, the Nicene Creed became the mechanism by which emergent Christian orthodoxy concerning the full divinity of Jesus established itself, through a specific phrase regimen - a disciplined discourse - over and against equally viable, but rival conceptions of the extent of Jesus' divinity wherein the Son was made subordinate to the Father; the Nicene Creed became the litmus test by which orthodoxy and heresy were measured and construed. Using rhetorical theory, French Postmodern philosophy, Late Antique Christian Studies, and writings from the Sociology of Knowledge, this dissertation illustrates how the Nicene Creed served simultaneously as a tool of both existential confession, and social/regulative control-through-communication, designed to manage bodies and carve out specific subject positions for the laity within the then emerging institutionalization of the Christian church.
Rock brand: the political and cultural economy of live rock performance
(2011-11) Weglarz, Kristine
This dissertation addresses the political economy of live rock performance and touring, both as they stand currently and their evolution via legislation, deregulation, and corporate conglomeration. Additionally, I examine the intertwined relationship between institutional arrangements and constructions of authenticity within rock culture, resulting in shifts as to how artists and audiences can perform "authenticity." Live performance is now at the center of value judgments of economic and cultural capital, overtaking the role of recordings. This shift, along with reduced options and limited promotional control over touring, produces consequences for artists, fans, and media scholars. These structural and fiscal changes dramatically alter how rock artists tour, maintain authenticity among fans, and - in the case of protest artists - speak on political issues with conviction, through a new relationship between the live, the political and the authentic, where "economic authenticity" and "keeping it real" fiscally is both more important for genre standards and more difficult for artists to achieve.
The Samson Society and the Rhetoric of Authentic Christian Brotherhood
(2015-06) Verhoye, James
Social Networks and ICT in Location Choice
(University of Minnesota Center for Transportation Studies, 2009-08) Tilahun, Nebiyou; Levinson, David
Humans are social animals. We routinely interact with others learning about one another, about places, where to go and what places to avoid. Our activities are coordinated with others; sometimes because we explicitly seek to physically meet with those we know personally, other times the coordination is systemic because of norms and requirements of when those activities can take place (e.g. shopping when the shops are open etc.). With those personally known, interactions serve to exchange information, form social bonds and to create social support systems. With in the transportation realm, the social dimension comes into play in different ways. Two or more people who want to meet face to face have to select a meeting location and travel to that destination. People can also learn about short-term activity locations, or about residences and workplaces through others and make location decisions based upon them. These two areas of social contacts' influence in the location choice is the topic of this report. The report looks into how job search methods can impact home and work location patterns at the aggregate level. It also investigates the role job search methods and their outcomes play in subsequent relocation and residential location decisions at the individual level. A third element that will be considered is the relationship between home, work and activity locations for social meetings. The roles of social networks are explored in work finding, residential location choice, and choices of meeting locations.
A textual analysis of the American journal of Chinese medicine: from spirituality to science.
(2010-08) Wais-Hennen, Erin Marie
This dissertation has taken as its principal object of study, the American Journal of Chinese Medicine. It has examined the textual features of that journal over a thirty-five year period as an indication of changes in the broader field of traditional Chinese medicine--how it is perceived and practiced by those in the field. The dissertation supplemented this textual analysis with interviews of practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine to see if these practitioners' reports of their own experiences in the field support the conclusion from the textual analysis. Specifically, this dissertation has been guided by three research questions. These research questions first look at what textual changes the AJCM has undergone over the last thirty-five years, and what do those changes explain about the culture of TCM as a whole. The rhetorical and linguistic features of the AJCM that were examined include: the use of headings, IMRD structure, biomedical noun-strings, a biomedical or traditional Chinese medical register, subject, audience, and article genre. Also, this study looks to answer the question, in what ways does the biomedicialization of TCM articles reflect change in traditional Chinese medicine? Finally, I sought to understand to what extent the ACJM has become more biomedicalized, and during this process, what has been lost or silenced. The results of this dissertation demonstrate and explain that over the last thirty-five years traditional Chinese medicine in America has become centered on biomedicine and the scientific method, which is a significant change from the early 1970s.
Unfreezing the Organizational Culture of the Catholic Church: A Case Study of Pope Francis' Organizational Culture Change Initiative Using the Transformational Leadership Theoretical Framework
(2015-05) Verhoye, Anna
The aim of this case study was to examine Pope Francis' organizational culture change initiative where it is argued that he is attempting to shift the organizational culture of the Catholic Church from a cleric-centric orientation to one that is Catholic social teaching- centric. One research question was posited in this study: (1) What organizational leadership competencies does Pope Francis employ to facilitate the shift in the orientation of the organizational culture of the Catholic Church from being cleric-centric to Catholic social teaching-centric? Kurt Lewin's (1951) change model was used in conjunction with transformational leadership theory to answer the research question and give insight into Pope Francis' change initiative. Data for this investigation included discourse, writings and reports of Pope Francis's behaviors. It was concluded that Pope Francis is a transformational leader and his change initiative is in the unfreezing stage of Kurt Lewin's (1951) three-stage model of planned change.
Why people talk about antismoking media content and the implications for health communication campaigns.
(2012-06) Depue, Jacob Bjorn
Although there is near universal agreement that stimulating talk about health communication campaigns is important, the frequency of talk across campaigns varies considerably. Recently, there have been several calls to better address the mechanisms that facilitate or impede talk. These authors note that further theorizing is needed on the intersection of mass and interpersonal communication as it relates to health campaigns. Building upon these calls, the present study assesses how a number of theoretically important variables impact talk about the negative consequences of smoking within the context of a large-scale antismoking media campaign. The research takes a multi-level approach to assessing the role of connectivity and conversation, examines the relationship between perceived knowledge and talk, assesses talk's role in increasing intention to quit, and investigates how ad-level characteristics impact frequency of conversation. Results are discussed in terms of their contribution to the literature, and their implications for health campaign professionals.

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