Browsing by Subject "Caddisflies"

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    Catalog of the Neotropical Trichoptera (Caddisflies)
    (Pensoft Publishers, 2017) Holzenthal, Ralph W.; Calor, Adolfo R.
    The Neotropical caddisfly (Trichoptera) fauna is cataloged from a review of over 1,000 literature citations through 2015 (partial 2016) to include 3,262 currently recognized, valid species-group names in 25 families and 155 extant genera. Fourteen subspecies are included in the total as well as 35 fossil species and 1 fossil genus. The region covered includes all of Mexico, Central America, the Caribbean, and South America. Genus-group and species-group synonyms are listed. For each nominal species, information on the type locality, type depository, sex of type, distribution by country, and other pertinent taxonomic or biological information is included. Summary information on taxonomy, phylogeny, distribution, immature stages, and biology are provided for each family and genus where known. An extensive index to all nominal taxa is included to facilitate use of the catalog. The glossosomatid species Mexitrichia usseglioi Rueda Martín & Gibon, is transferred to Mortoniella comb. n.
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    Checklist of the Trichoptera (Insecta) of Brazil I
    (2004) Paprocki, Henrique; Holzenthal, Ralph W.; Blahnik, Roger J.
    We present here a list of Trichoptera species recorded in the literature from Brazil as of September 2003. The total number of species recorded for Brazil is 378. The most diverse family is Hydropsychidae with 103 species; the second most diverse is Hydroptilidae with 50 species, followed by Leptoceridae and Philopotamidae with 41 each. Distributions by state and additional literature relevant to Brazilian Trichoptera are also presented.
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    Diversity and distribution of the Caddisflies (Insecta: Trichoptera) of Ecuador
    (2017) Ríos-Touma, Blanca; Holzenthal, Ralph W.; Huisman, Jolanda; Thomson, Robin; Rázuri-Gonzales, Ernesto
    Background. Aquatic insects and other freshwater animals are some of the most threatened forms of life on Earth. Caddisflies (Trichoptera) are highly biodiverse in the Neotropics and occupy a wide variety of freshwater habitats. In Andean countries, including Ecuador, knowledge of the aquatic biota is limited, and there is a great need for baseline data on the species found in these countries. Here we present the first list of Trichoptera known from Ecuador, a country that harbors two global biodiversity ‘‘hotspots.’’ Methods.We conducted a literature review of species previously reported from Ecuador and supplemented these data with material we collected during five recent field inventories from about 40 localities spanning both hotspots. Using species presence data for each Ecuadorian province, we calculated the CHAO 2 species estimator to obtain the minimum species richness for the country. Results. We recorded 310 species, including 48 new records from our own field inventories for the country. CHAO 2 calculations showed that only 54% of the species have been found. Hydroptilidae and Hydropsychidae were the most species rich families. We report the family Xiphocentronidae for the first time from Ecuador as well as several new records of genera from different families. Discussion. As in the neighboring Andean countries of Colombia and Peru, it is common to find undescribed species of caddisflies. There are vast areas of Ecuador and the northern Andes that are completely unexplored, and we expect that hundreds of new species are yet to be discovered.
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    New distribution and species records of Trichoptera from Southern and Southeastern Brazil
    (2004) Blahnik, Roger J.; Paprocki, Henrique; Holzenthal, Ralph W.
    We provide here a list of new species records of Trichoptera (Insecta) collected in Southern and Southeastern Brazil. We report 21 new distribution records for the country of Brazil. We also provide new distribution records for 92 species of Trichoptera for the states of Minas Gerais, São Paulo, Rio de Janeiro, Paraná and Santa Catarina.
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    Systematics Of Cernotina Ross And Cyrnellus Banks (Insecta: Trichoptera: Polycentropodidae)
    (2020-07) Camargos, Lucas
    The family Polycentropodidae occurs worldwide, and is represented in the Americas by Cernotina Ross 1938, Cyrnellus Banks 1913, Nyctiophylax Brauer 1865, Polycentropus Banks 1907 and Polyplectropus Ulmer 1905. Cernotina and Cyrnellus are exclusive to the New World, reaching their highest diversity in the Neotropics, with 75 and 12 described species respectively. Despite this diversity, none of the two have had revisionary work done, and the taxonomic information is scattered in many different papers by many authors across the 20th and early 21st Century. In Chapter 1, I ran the first phylogenetic analyses on the diverse genus Cernotina, using morphological characters of the male adult, especially the genitalia. To analyze the character matrix, I used Maximum Parsimony and Bayesian inference. In Maximum Parsimony, I used equally-weighted analyses with two different search strategies, one simple run and another with multiple rounds saving suboptimal trees to filter for a better set of most parsimonious trees, and an implied-weights analysis, using a posteriori character weigthing to achieve better resolution. In the Bayesian inference, I used Mk model + lognormal distribution, commonly used in morphological data. The results suggest the monophyly of Cernotina, adds phylogenetic evidence for synonymization of Ce. perpendicularis with Ce. lanceolata, and Ce. hastilis with Ce. nigridentata, and group certain species with morphological and geographic congruence, such as Ce. acalyptra + Ce. cystophora + Ce. encrypta, and Ce. lutea + Ce. cadeti, respectively. However, the overall resolution of the simple maximum-parsimony and the Bayesian trees were very low. In addition, the branch support for most nodes is also very low. This result might be due to the nature of the genitalic characters of Cernotina, being extremely variable on all its components, making the task of finding character congruence difficult. With additional data such as DNA sequence and geometric morphometrics, such issues could be alleviated. In Chapter 2, I revised the genus Cernotina at species-level. I discussed the complex homology of the morphological characters of the male genitalia, especially concerning the intermediate appendage and its relation to the Xth tergum and the preanal appendage, produced illustrations and comparative diagnoses for each species in the genus, and taxonomic descriptions for 64 species. In addition, I described 16 new species. I also proposed 2 synonymies considering the phylogenetic data from Chapter 1: Ce. lanceolata as junior synonym of Ce. perpendicularis, and Ce. nigridentata as junior synonym of Ce. hastilis. In Chapter 3, I revised the genus Cyrnellus at species-level. I also discussed the homology of the morphological characters of the much simpler male genitalia of the genus, produced a key to species of Cyrnellus, provided illustrations, and full taxonomic descriptions for 11 species. In addition, I reinstated the validity of Cy. minimus based on the morphology of the inferior appendage in ventral view. I also synonymized 2 species based on morphological similarity and high variability among specimens: Cy. keskes as junior synonym of Cy. minimus, and Cy. kozepes as junior synonym of Cy. ulmeri.
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    Updated conservation status of protected Minnesota Caddisflies
    (The Michigan Entomological Society, 2003) Houghton, David C.; Holzenthal, Ralph W.
    Seven of the 13 Minnesota Trichoptera species with official protected status were located in the state during 1997-2001, including four species – Agapetus tomus, Asynarchus rossi, Hydroptila novicola, and Polycentropus milaca – not collected in nearly 40 years. Three species Chilostigma itascae, Oxyethira ecornuta, and Polycentropus milaca – appear rare in Minnesota, two – Agapetus tomus and Asynarchus rossi – appear rare but locally abundant, and two – Hydroptila novicola and Oxyethira itascae – were found throughout northern Minnesota suggesting that they are more abundant than previously thought. Five listed species were not collected during this study and are currently of unknown conservation status. One listed species, Setodes guttatus, almost certainly does not occur in Minnesota and should be delisted.